# ReDIF file generated from NLM/PubMed XML (UTF-8) # Archive: dbk, Series: southh # Generated on: 2025-09-20 21:36:05Z Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Héctor David Plaza Escandon Author-Name-First: Héctor David Author-Name-Last: Plaza Escandon Author-Name: Guillermo Segundo Del Campo Saltos Author-Name-First: Guillermo Segundo Author-Name-Last: Del Campo Saltos Author-Name: Fabricio Guevara Viejó Author-Name-First: Fabricio Author-Name-Last: Guevara Viejó Title: Influence of digital platform use on reading and writing for cognitive development in eighth-grade students in general basic education. Case study: Monseñor Juan Wiesneth educational unit Abstract: The objective of the research was to analyze the impact of digital platforms on the literacy of eighth-year students of Basic General Education of the Monseñor Juan Wiesneth Educational Unit located in the El Rosario Campus belonging to the Naranjito canton, Guayas province. The result obtained made it possible to demonstrate the link that exists between the students with the virtual learning environments and resources that it presents on the internet. This work developed is theoretical and its purpose is to obtain information of a different nature that will serve as a basis for making long-term forecasts in a reliable way of good practices on literacy. The object of study is descriptive, it details properties, characteristics, profiles of people, groups, communities, according to the proposed variables, with a statistical quantitative approach, this research is non- experimental, based on the inference it is eminently deductive, it is here about study reality in this study center. Make correct use of the different digital tools, applications, web pages, where our fingerprint is linked. The good linguistic practices obtained through educational platforms will contribute to the benefit of the academic training of students, especially in literacy, thus improving the writing and omission of spelling rules, among others, despite studying in a virtual environment. or face-to- face are basic competencies that will serve the entire student life of the human being and will not be disadvantaged or later harmed their student career. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 16-16 Volume: 1 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.56294/shp202216 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2022v1a1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hernán Federico Gauna Author-Name-First: Hernán Author-Name-Last: Federico Gauna Title: Proposal for the implementation of a Hygiene, Safety, Environment and CSR plan in the company A.J. & J.A. Redolfi SRL Abstract: A.J. & J.A. Redolfi SRL is a company located in the town of James Craik, it has been in the wholesale of food products for more than 50 years, its structure is in marked growth, however there are aspects to improve, in this case report it is emphasized in the productive sector of the company, being the same the distribution and deposit, through a general survey of occupational hazards conditions have been detected that must be corrected, as well as everyday situations. This report seeks to correct the situations and conditions mentioned above through a hygiene and safety plan supported by three pillars, staff training, implementation of safe work procedures and document everything related to the matter, in this way have records and be able to work from continuous improvement. On the other hand, it is considered to implement corporate social responsibility policies to cement the mission of the company from the commitment to reduce to the maximum the negative impacts that the activity generates on the environment. The final objective of this proposal is to be able to generate a solid organization in these two aspects to certify international standards, ISO 45001 and ISO 18001 in the near future. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 17-17 Volume: 1 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.56294/shp202217 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2022v1a2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yenisleydis Izquierdo Bordonado Author-Name-First: Yenisleydis Author-Name-Last: Izquierdo Bordonado Author-Name: Rosa María Montano-Silva Author-Name-First: Rosa María Author-Name-Last: Montano-Silva Author-Name: Yoneisy Abraham-Millán Author-Name-First: Yoneisy Author-Name-Last: Abraham-Millán Author-Name: Yaima Pupo-Martínez Author-Name-First: Yaima Author-Name-Last: Pupo-Martínez Author-Name: Yoilis Cedeño-Gómez Author-Name-First: Yoilis Author-Name-Last: Cedeño-Gómez Author-Name: Yusdelkis García-Bacallao Author-Name-First: Yusdelkis Author-Name-Last: García-Bacallao Title: Biosafety education intervention for dental workers, youth island, 2019-2022 Abstract: Biosafety is a doctrine of behaviours aimed at achieving attitudes and behaviours that reduce the risk of transmission of microorganisms in public health services, which has become a health problem, in addition to the lack of interest in the subject. An explanatory study was carried out with a quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test and a control group with the aim of developing an educational intervention on Biosafety in Stomatology workers belonging to the Teaching Polyclinics ‘Orestes Falls Oñate’ of Santa Fe and ‘Leonilda Tamayo Matos’ of Nueva Gerona, Isla de la Juventud, in the period from November 2019 to January 2022. The study universe was made up of all the Stomatology workers of these entities and the sample was made up of those who were active in this service, the sample being intentional. The following variables were taken into account: experimental groups, factors influencing non-compliance with biosafety standards, level of knowledge about biosafety, compliance with biosafety standards and educational software. It was found that the highest percentage was represented by the Stomatologists. At the beginning, the evaluation of fair was predominant, and after the intervention, notable improvements were found in the level of knowledge of the workers as well as in compliance with biosafety standards. The use of clothing was the parameter that was most evident in non-compliance with biosafety standards. A teaching tool was designed, not yet existing in Cuba, which provided information related to biosafety, and had a great impact on the development of educational activities for workers in stomatology departments, given that it is a novel and enjoyable way of transmitting information, allowing for an increase in the level of knowledge and the transformation of modes of action. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 8-8 Volume: 1 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.56294/shp20228 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2022v1a3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yoneisy Abraham-Millán Author-Name-First: Yoneisy Author-Name-Last: Abraham-Millán Author-Name: Rosa María Montano-Silva Author-Name-First: Rosa María Author-Name-Last: Montano-Silva Author-Name: Yanelilian Padín-Gámez Author-Name-First: Yanelilian Author-Name-Last: Padín-Gámez Author-Name: Eridania Pantoja-García Author-Name-First: Eridania Author-Name-Last: Pantoja-García Author-Name: Iraida Céspedes-Proenza Author-Name-First: Iraida Author-Name-Last: Céspedes-Proenza Author-Name: Bárbara Zenaida Pérez-Pérez Author-Name-First: Bárbara Zenaida Author-Name-Last: Pérez-Pérez Title: Oral cancer education intervention for high-risk patients aged 35-59 years, clinic 16 Abstract: Educational intervention is the intentional process that should encompass the design, planning, execution, monitoring and evaluation of a system of actions aimed at implementing in practice a differentiated care that favours the acquisition of knowledge. The aim of this research was to develop an educational intervention in patients between 35 and 59 years of age at high risk for oral cancer. An explanatory intervention study was carried out with an experimental design, with pre-test, post-test and control group in clinic 16 belonging to the Pueblo Nuevo Popular Council, in the period April-September, 2022. Systematic selection of sample elements was used to determine the units of analysis, forming two groups of 47 patients at high risk for oral cancer. The variables level of risk for predicting oral cancer, sex, risk factors associated with oral cancer, level of knowledge about oral cancer, experimental groups and teaching methods were taken into account. The predominant sex was male in both experimental groups. Among the main risk factors were stress, smoking, and ingestion of hot, spicy and highly seasoned foods, which were reduced by 23% in the experimental group and 23% in the experimental group and 6% in the medium group. Satisfactory results were obtained in terms of the modification of knowledge and the level of risk, with an increase in knowledge to reduce the risk of oral cancer after the educational intervention in the experimental group. The differences observed before and after the intervention through the application of the educational Web media demonstrated the effectiveness and impact of the intervention, showing the importance of maintaining the innovative capacity to transmit promotion and prevention messages in a pleasant and didactic way. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 15-15 Volume: 1 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.56294/shp202215 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2022v1a4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nahuel Gonzalez-Cordero Author-Name-First: Nahuel Author-Name-Last: Gonzalez-Cordero Author-Name: Enrique Huamani-Uriarte Author-Name-First: Enrique Author-Name-Last: Huamani-Uriarte Author-Name: Niels Romero-Alva Author-Name-First: Niels Author-Name-Last: Romero-Alva Title: Lifestyle during the COVID-19 pandemic in older adults in a district of North Lima Abstract: In older adults, lifestyle plays an important role in adaptation to cope with the coronavirus pandemic during isolation and quarantine at home, so its research objective is to determine the lifestyle during the pandemic of COVID - 19 in older adults in a district of North Lima. It is a quantitative, descriptive, non-experimental cross-sectional study, with a total population of 176 adults over 60 years of age, who answered a questionnaire of sociodemographic data and the lifestyle instrument. The results show the lifestyle of older adults, where 38 (21.6%) have a lifestyle in a danger zone, 21 (11.9%) have a low lifestyle, 89 (50.6%) have an adequate lifestyle and 28 (15.9%) have a fantastic lifestyle. In conclusion, strategies should be sought or developed to improve both physical and eating activities in older adults at home. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 19-19 Volume: 1 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.56294/shp202219 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2022v1a5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jorge Arturo Zapana-Ruiz Author-Name-First: Jorge Arturo Author-Name-Last: Zapana-Ruiz Author-Name: Susan Susan Gutiérrez-Rodríguez Author-Name-First: Susan Author-Name-Last: Susan Gutiérrez-Rodríguez Title: Risk of diabetes mellitus in residents living in a vulnerable area of North Lima Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is currently one of the most prevalent diseases, and the risk of developing it is increasing. Therefore, the objective of this research is to determine the risk of diabetes mellitus in residents of a vulnerable area of northern Lima. This is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study with a total population of 140 who responded to a questionnaire on sociodemographic data and the diabetes mellitus risk test. The results show that 20.6% (n=21) have a low risk of diabetes mellitus, 24.5% (n=25) have a slightly elevated risk, 31.4% (n=32) have a moderate risk, 14.7% (n=15) have a high risk, and 8.8% (n=9) have a very high risk. In conclusion, lifestyle changes are needed to adopt healthier habits that allow for the adaptation of healthier eating behaviours that promote good health. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 31-31 Volume: 1 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.56294/shp202231 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2022v1a6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rafael Romero-Carazas Author-Name-First: Rafael Author-Name-Last: Romero-Carazas Author-Name: Victor Cornejo-Aparicio Author-Name-First: Victor Author-Name-Last: Cornejo-Aparicio Author-Name: Jessica Karina Saavedra-Vasconez Author-Name-First: Jessica Karina Author-Name-Last: Saavedra-Vasconez Author-Name: Rita Liss Ramos Perez Author-Name-First: Rita Liss Author-Name-Last: Ramos Perez Author-Name: Amarelys Román-Mireles Author-Name-First: Amarelys Author-Name-Last: Román-Mireles Title: Lifestyle in individuals attending a health facility during the COVID-19 pandemic in North Lima Abstract: Lifestyle allows individuals to adopt behaviours that enable them to develop different habits that improve their living conditions. Therefore, the objective of this research is to determine the lifestyle of people who attend a health facility during the COVID-19 pandemic in northern Lima. This is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study comprising a total of 160 patients attending a health facility who responded to a questionnaire on sociodemographic data and the Fantastic Questionnaire. The results show that 5% (n=8) of patients have a lifestyle that is at risk, 8.1% (n=13) have a poor lifestyle, 52.5% (n=84) have a regular lifestyle, 16.3% (n=26) have a good lifestyle, and 18.1% (n=29) have an excellent lifestyle. In conclusion, educational counselling should be implemented on how to maintain a healthy lifestyle and how to prevent risky behaviours that are harmful to health. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 32-32 Volume: 1 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.56294/shp202232 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2022v1a7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Niels Romero-Alva Author-Name-First: Niels Author-Name-Last: Romero-Alva Author-Name: Nahuel Gonzalez-Cordero Author-Name-First: Nahuel Author-Name-Last: Gonzalez-Cordero Title: Psychological distress in health professionals who are in the first line of care against COVID-19 Abstract: Psychological distress is one of the events that compromise the mental health of health professionals in a situation that puts their physical and mental well-being at risk, therefore, the objective of the research is to determine psychological distress in health professionals that are in the first line of care against COVID - 19. It is a quantitative, descriptive, non-experimental cross-sectional study, with a total population of 147 participating health professionals, who responded to a questionnaire of sociodemographic data and the depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS-21). The results show that in health professionals, 61 (41.5%) present high psychological distress, 44 (29.9%) medium psychological distress and 42 (28.6%) low psychological distress. It is concluded that strategies should be sought to improve the mental health of health professionals, who are in the first line of care for COVID-19 patients and this should be increased in mental health services that allow attending to professionals who are at a higher risk of psychological distress. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 30-30 Volume: 1 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.56294/shp202230 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2022v1a8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Milusca Jaqueline Velarde-Tejada Author-Name-First: Milusca Jaqueline Author-Name-Last: Velarde-Tejada Author-Name: David Fidel Vela-Quico Author-Name-First: David Fidel Author-Name-Last: Vela-Quico Author-Name: Fernando Ubaldo Enciso-Miranda Author-Name-First: Fernando Ubaldo Author-Name-Last: Enciso-Miranda Author-Name: Elizabeth del Carmen Ormaza Esmeraldas Author-Name-First: Elizabeth del Carmen Author-Name-Last: Ormaza Esmeraldas Author-Name: Fidel Aguilar-Medrano Author-Name-First: Fidel Author-Name-Last: Aguilar-Medrano Title: Health-related quality of life in individuals with chronic diseases living in a vulnerable area of North Lima Abstract: Quality of life is very important in relation to health, as it addresses functions that enable people to maintain a healthy life. Therefore, the research objective is to determine the quality of life in relation to health in people with chronic diseases living in a vulnerable area of northern Lima. This is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, and non-experimental study. A total population of 152 people with chronic diseases responded to a questionnaire on sociodemographic aspects and a questionnaire on quality of life in relation to health. The results show that 18 (n=11.8%) have a low quality of life, 26 (n=17.1%) have an average quality of life, 58 (n=38.2%) have a high quality of life, and 50 (n=32.9%) have a very high quality of life. It was concluded that strategies to increase promotion and prevention of non-communicable diseases should be taken into account. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 36-36 Volume: 1 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.56294/shp202236 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2022v1a9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Niels Romero-Alva Author-Name-First: Niels Author-Name-Last: Romero-Alva Author-Name: Jorge Arturo Zapana-Ruiz Author-Name-First: Jorge Arturo Author-Name-Last: Zapana-Ruiz Title: Level of fear due to the COVID-19 pandemic in residents of the district of Los Olivos in North Lima Abstract: Fear is one of the factors that compromises mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic, harming both individuals and their families due to the fear of contracting the disease. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the level of fear of the COVID-19 pandemic among residents of the Los Olivos district of northern Lima. This is a quantitative, cross-sectional study with a total population of 118 participants who responded to a questionnaire on sociodemographic aspects and the COVID-19 fear scale. The results show that 38.1% (45 participants) have high levels of fear, 45.8% (54 participants) have medium levels, and 16.1% (19 participants) have low levels of fear. In conclusion, necessary actions must be taken to care for mental health through comprehensive care for the population. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 41-41 Volume: 1 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.56294/shp202241 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2022v1a10 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Enrique Huamani-Uriarte Author-Name-First: Enrique Author-Name-Last: Huamani-Uriarte Author-Name: Niels Romero-Alva Author-Name-First: Niels Author-Name-Last: Romero-Alva Author-Name: Jorge Arturo Zapana-Ruiz Author-Name-First: Jorge Arturo Author-Name-Last: Zapana-Ruiz Author-Name: Susan Gutiérrez-Rodríguez Author-Name-First: Susan Author-Name-Last: Gutiérrez-Rodríguez Title: Life satisfaction and its relationship with the mental health of older adults in marginal urban areas of Carabayllo Abstract: Life satisfaction among older adults is important for their personal assessment of the quality of their own experiences and for their personal well-being. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine life satisfaction and its relationship with mental health among older adults in marginal urban areas of Carabayllo. This is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study with a population of 270 older adults who responded to a questionnaire on sociodemographic aspects and a life satisfaction scale. The results showed that 54 (20%) of the older adults were dissatisfied with life, 32 (11.9%) were slightly dissatisfied, 39 (14.4%) were neutral with regard to life satisfaction, 84 (31.1%) were satisfied, and 50 (18.5%) were very satisfied. In conclusion, educational talks should be given to older adults, continuing to promote the experience of positive emotions during this stage of life and allowing them to have greater satisfaction with their lives. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 40-40 Volume: 1 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.56294/shp202240 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2022v1a11 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leonardo De Souza Ferreira Frasson Author-Name-First: Leonardo De Souza Author-Name-Last: Ferreira Frasson Author-Name: Daniel Chiachiara Author-Name-First: Daniel Author-Name-Last: Chiachiara Title: Combined diagnosis of CNS infections in the post-surgical setting. Abstract: Introduction: Central nervous system (CNS) infections following neurosurgical interventions represented a serious, although infrequent, complication. Despite their low incidence, they generated high morbidity and mortality. These infections included meningitis, ventriculitis or brain abscesses, with factors such as the type of procedure and antibiotic prophylaxis being determining factors in their occurrence. Against this background, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis played a key role in the initial diagnosis. Development:The physicochemical analysis of CSF made it possible to identify alterations suggestive of infection through parameters such as glucose, proteins, pleocytosis and lactate. However, in patients who had received antibiotic treatment, these values were modified, making diagnosis difficult with conventional methods such as cultures and Gram staining. To overcome these limitations, molecular technologies such as multiplex PCR were introduced, which offered greater sensitivity and made it possible to detect specific pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis or Streptococcus pneumoniae in less time. However, these tests also presented risks, such as false positives, requiring careful clinical interpretation. Conclusions: CSF physicochemical analysis continued to be useful, but insufficient as the only diagnostic tool. Combination with molecular methods increased the accuracy and speed of diagnosis, allowing more timely treatment. Consequently, it was concluded that the most effective approach was integrated diagnosis, which combined traditional techniques with molecular testing within an appropriate clinical framework. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 11-11 Volume: 1 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp202211 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v1a12 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nairobi Hernández Bridón Author-Name-First: Nairobi Author-Name-Last: Hernández Bridón Title: Zika: Management by health workers Abstract: Viruses are among the smallest infectious agents (20-300 nm) known to date. Their genome consists of a single type of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA), covered by a capsid and some also by a lipoprotein envelope. They are obligate intracellular parasites. By consulting 11 bibliographic references, with the aim of describing the characteristics of Zika virus infection and its management in healthcare workers. The Zika virus, transmitted by the Aedes Aegypti mosquito present in several territories of our country, produces symptoms very similar to dengue and Chikungunya, therefore the most important measure to prevent transmission is the control of this biological vector. The main clinical manifestations are fever, skin lesions and joint pain; complications are infrequent, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome and microcephaly in newborns. Although treatment is symptomatic, health workers must also act as an epidemiological watchdog to prevent the emergence of new cases. The explosive spread of the virus to new geographical areas in the Americas is a cause for concern for our country. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 9-9 Volume: 1 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.56294/shp20229 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2022v1a13 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nairobi Hernández Bridón Author-Name-First: Nairobi Author-Name-Last: Hernández Bridón Author-Name: Magalys Pallerols Mir Author-Name-First: Magalys Author-Name-Last: Pallerols Mir Title: Management and Teaching in Health Science Abstract: Introduction: They approached the concept of management as the exercise of responsibility for a set of activities, highlighting its importance in health and educational settings. They considered that, in both health centres and educational institutions, appropriate management ensured the effective coordination of resources, structures and people in order to meet the needs of the population. They also addressed teaching, understood as an activity structured around the transmission of knowledge and mediated by the active role of the teacher. Development: They analysed management from multiple perspectives, including its relationship with IT through content and database management systems. These enabled users to edit and manage content dynamically, improving efficiency. In health care, they emphasised that poor management negatively impacted on the work environment and quality of service. They also examined teaching from a traditional and a more innovative point of view. They highlighted the importance of objectives as the central axis of didactics, applied in the training of professionals, particularly in stomatology. They also noted the increasing feminisation of the education sector and the evolution towards methodologies supported by digital tools, such as teaching 2.0. Conclusion: They concluded that management and teaching were essential and interrelated processes for professional and social development. They emphasised that proper planning and the establishment of clear objectives improved the educational process and healthcare, promoting higher quality and satisfaction in both sectors. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 14-14 Volume: 1 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.56294/shp202214 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2022v1a14 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nairobi Hernández Bridón Author-Name-First: Nairobi Author-Name-Last: Hernández Bridón Author-Name: Magalys Pallerols Mir Author-Name-First: Magalys Author-Name-Last: Pallerols Mir Title: Adverse effects of amalgam on stomatologists Abstract: Mercury is used in stomatology for the elaboration of amalgams used in the restoration of teeth treated for caries, as it generates affections on the nervous, renal, immune and sexual systems, as well as behavioural disturbances. Staff working in stomatological practices are chronically exposed to mercury vapour and therefore constitute a population at toxicological risk. For the literature review, 42 bibliographies were consulted in order to describe the adverse effects of dental amalgam on patients and dental personnel. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 20-20 Volume: 1 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.56294/shp202220 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2022v1a15 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michelle Jésica Saín Author-Name-First: Michelle Author-Name-Last: Jésica Saín Author-Name: Diego Balcarce Author-Name-First: Diego Author-Name-Last: Balcarce Title: The diagnosis and treatment of SIBO in Latin America Abstract: The small intestine normally harboured a limited amount of bacteria, but in SIBO there was an abnormal proliferation of microorganisms, especially in the jejunum. This condition generated various symptoms such as abdominal distension, diarrhoea and malabsorption, which made it difficult to diagnose. The lactulose or glucose breath test has become established as a useful non-invasive technique for its detection, although its implementation in Latin America presented challenges related to access, standardisation and professional training. Appropriate treatment included antibiotics such as rifaximin, a specific diet and prokinetics to prevent relapses. Despite the progress made, obstacles persisted in the region that required further research and the strengthening of clinical guidelines. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 10-10 Volume: 1 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp202210 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v1a16 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sebastian Leonardo Godoy Author-Name-First: Sebastian Author-Name-Last: Leonardo Godoy Author-Name: Gerardo Laube Author-Name-First: Gerardo Author-Name-Last: Laube Title: Brief review of human infections by free living amoebae in Argentina Abstract: Free-living amoebae (FLA) are protozoa that are present in nature and fulfill their life cycle in the environment. Some genera of this group, such as Acanthamoeba spp., Naegleria sp., Balamuthia sp. and Sappinia sp. can occasionally cause serious diseases in humans. There are few documented reports on the pathologies caused by AVL in man and their epidemiology in Argentina. There are numerous cases of Acanthamoeba spp. keratitis, many of which were resolved with corneal transplantation; at least six cases of Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis (GAE) produced by Balamuthia sp. and recently, in February 2017, a first report with fatal consequences of Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAME) caused by Naegleria fowleri in the province of Buenos Aires. As a consequence of this case, the protozoan was isolated from the pond where the deceased child had bathed the previous week. No cases caused by Sappinia fowleri were reported in the province of Buenos Aires. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 12-12 Volume: 1 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp202212 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v1a17 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raphaella Alves Leal Author-Name-First: Raphaella Author-Name-Last: Alves Leal Title: Paediatric retinoblastoma care between 2020 and 2024: a national perspective Abstract: During the period 2020-2024, Argentina faced a challenging health and socioeconomic scenario that directly impacted the approach to pediatric retinoblastoma. Early diagnosis and access to adequate treatments were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and by structural inequalities in the health system. This led to diagnoses at advanced stages, which required more invasive therapies such as enucleation, with significant functional and emotional consequences for patients. The study analyzed the response of the Argentine health system, highlighting the role of the Garrahan National Pediatric Hospital as a reference center. There, chemoreduction was prioritized as initial treatment, complemented in many cases by radiotherapy or surgery. It was observed that local treatments, such as cryotherapy or brachytherapy, offered good results in early stages, although their availability was limited. The aesthetic and functional effect of therapies such as external radiotherapy was also identified, in contrast to more conservative methods. It was concluded that the quality of treatment depended to a large extent on access to specialized centers, the socioeconomic level of the patients and the existence of interdisciplinary teams. Although there were legislative advances, such as the Oncopediatrics Act, challenges persisted in its implementation and in territorial equity. The study highlighted the need to strengthen local research, decentralize care and guarantee psychosocial support, in order to improve clinical outcomes and the quality of life of patients with retinoblastoma in the country. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 13-13 Volume: 1 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp202213 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v1a18 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dania Mónica Veliz Martínez Author-Name-First: Dania Mónica Author-Name-Last: Veliz Martínez Author-Name: Beatriz Sánchez Albóniga Author-Name-First: Beatriz Author-Name-Last: Sánchez Albóniga Author-Name: Caridad Crespo Gonzalez Author-Name-First: Caridad Author-Name-Last: Crespo Gonzalez Author-Name: Odalys Lago Carballea Author-Name-First: Odalys Author-Name-Last: Lago Carballea Author-Name: Jorge Luis Ferreiro Corrales Author-Name-First: Jorge Luis Author-Name-Last: Ferreiro Corrales Title: Epidemiological characterisation of sedentary patients at the Hermanos Cruz Polyclinic. June 2021 – June 2023 Abstract: Introduction: Sedentary lifestyle is defined as a lack of regular physical activity, less than 30 minutes of exercise per day and less than 3 days per week. It is the fourth leading risk factor for death. It doubles the risk of cardiovascular disease, obesity and high blood pressure. Objective: To characterise epidemiologically sedentary patients at the 138 Policlínico Hermanos Cruz clinic between June 2021 and June 2023. Method: A descriptive, cross-sectional observational study was conducted. The universe consisted of 157 sedentary individuals registered in the ASIS, and the sample consisted of 150 who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The variables used were: age, sex, nutritional assessment, occupation, PA, type and risk factors for sedentary lifestyle. The information was obtained from Family and Individual Health Records, the ASIS, the survey and the Pérez-Rojas-García test. Descriptive statistical methods were used, the results were tabulated and expressed in absolute numbers and percentages. Results: Females, the 65-74 age group, overweight individuals, retirees, high blood pressure as a PHD, severe sedentary lifestyle, and lack of interest in physical exercise as a risk factor were prevalent. Conclusions: Lack of physical activity is a rapidly growing global health risk, so educational work with the population and the implementation of government strategies and policies are needed. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 70-70 Volume: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.56294/shp202370 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2023v2a19 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lázaro Lazaga-González Author-Name-First: Lázaro Author-Name-Last: Lazaga-González Author-Name: Ladisleny Leyva-Samuel Author-Name-First: Ladisleny Author-Name-Last: Leyva-Samuel Author-Name: Roy Ferrer-Ballester Author-Name-First: Roy Author-Name-Last: Ferrer-Ballester Author-Name: Yusdelkis García-Bacallao Author-Name-First: Yusdelkis Author-Name-Last: García-Bacallao Author-Name: Yaimit Pérez-González Author-Name-First: Yaimit Author-Name-Last: Pérez-González Author-Name: Iris Esperanza Carbonell-Mesa Author-Name-First: Iris Esperanza Author-Name-Last: Carbonell-Mesa Title: Malaria behavior in adult patients. Cacolo Municipal Hospital, Lunda Sul, Angola Abstract: Malaria is a disease caused by a Plasmodium parasite, transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito. With the objective of determining the behavior of malaria from January 2020 to December 2021 in the municipality of Cacolo, Lunda Sul, Angola, a cross-sectional descriptive observational study was carried out. The universe was made up of 26 252 patients and the sample was made up of 11 506 patients, having the approval of the institution and consent to carry out this work. The female sex predominated with 63,0% and the age group of 15-19 years with 14,1%; 98,4% of the patients reported fever; 96,5% were uncomplicated cases of malaria; the most used drug combination was Artemether/Lumefantrine (52,6%); 16,3% of pregnant women had at least one episode of malaria; complications predominated in the female sex 57,8%; the most frequent complication was cerebral malaria with 48,8% and there were 0,3% deaths. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 61-61 Volume: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.56294/shp202361 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2023v2a20 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nairobi Hernández Bridón Author-Name-First: Nairobi Author-Name-Last: Hernández Bridón Author-Name: Leonor Marta Matos Basterrechea Author-Name-First: Leonor Marta Author-Name-Last: Matos Basterrechea Title: Knowledge and application of Natural and Traditional Medicine in stomatological emergencies. Arroyo Naranjo Abstract: Given the importance of the use of Natural and Traditional Medicine (NTM) in the treatment of stomatological emergencies, it was decided to carry out a cross-sectional descriptive observational research, with the purpose of evaluating the level of knowledge that stomatology professionals have about the use of NTM in stomatological emergency services during 2015. The universe consisted of 104 professionals of different categories. We analysed variables such as: sex, age, speciality, years of graduation, knowledge of MNT, and the most commonly used techniques. To achieve this, forms were developed to explore these aspects. In the sample of stomatologists studied, the female sex and the 20-35 age group predominated, representing 52.9% of the total number of stomatologists surveyed. The average level of experience was between 1 and 10 years of graduation, and the dentists were representative of all the stomatological specialities. The use of MNT was 68.2%, with the residents (EGI speciality) being the ones who applied it the most; this group of stomatologists had the most knowledge on this subject. The most applied techniques were Phytotherapy and the use of propolis, being the Residents and Basic General Stomatologists the ones who use it the most. The evaluation of the level of knowledge of the stomatologists in terms of MNT was not satisfactory; therefore, it is necessary to deepen in this subject in order to achieve a greater incorporation of professionals in the practice of MNT. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 64-64 Volume: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.56294/shp202364 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2023v2a21 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nairobi Hernández Bridón Author-Name-First: Nairobi Author-Name-Last: Hernández Bridón Author-Name: Guadalupe Bridón Calzado Author-Name-First: Guadalupe Author-Name-Last: Bridón Calzado Author-Name: Magalys Pallerols Mir Author-Name-First: Magalys Author-Name-Last: Pallerols Mir Title: Alcoholism as a social determinant of oral diseases Abstract: Introduction: Alcoholism, as a public health problem, has significant systemic and oral consequences. The oral cavity reflects many of these alterations, such as caries, periodontal diseases, and precancerous lesions. This study addresses the impact of alcohol on oral health in older adults, highlighting the importance of health status analysis as a tool for risk identification. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted at Clinic No. 10 of the Párraga Polyclinic between May and June 2013. An intentional sample of 12 patients with a history of chronic alcohol consumption was selected. Home visits, structured interviews, and clinical oral examinations were conducted. Demographic data, educational level, and dental diagnosis were collected. The data were processed using descriptive statistics. Results: Of the 12 patients, 7 were men and 5 were women, with the 61-70 age group predominating. Fifty-eight point three percent had dental caries, the same percentage had periodontal disease, and 25% had precancerous lesions. An association was found between chronic alcoholism and poor oral health, influenced by factors such as poor hygiene, malnutrition, and xerostomia. Conclusions: The study reaffirms that alcoholism seriously affects oral health, especially in older adults. Preventive and educational actions need to be reinforced in primary care, taking into account the social determinants of health. Health situation analysis is key to prioritizing interventions. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 88-88 Volume: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.56294/shp202388 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2023v2a22 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ileana Pacheco Valdés Author-Name-First: Ileana Author-Name-Last: Pacheco Valdés Author-Name: Modesto Cordovés Jerez Author-Name-First: Modesto Author-Name-Last: Cordovés Jerez Author-Name: Raúl Rodríguez González Author-Name-First: Raúl Author-Name-Last: Rodríguez González Author-Name: José Roberto Fernández Barrera Author-Name-First: José Roberto Author-Name-Last: Fernández Barrera Author-Name: Humberto López Benítez Author-Name-First: Humberto Author-Name-Last: López Benítez Title: Clinical epidemiological characterization of laryngeal cancer, hospital: Abel Santamaría Cuadrado Abstract: An observational, descriptive, retroprospective study was conducted in patients diagnosed with laryngeal cancer who attended the central consultation for head and neck cancer in the Pinar del Río Province, in the period 2018 - 2021, with the aim of clinically and epidemiologically characterizing this disease in the province. The universe and sample consisted of 128 patients diagnosed with laryngeal cancer who met certain criteria. For information processing, a database was created in SPSS version 11.5 of Windows, with the primary data obtained from the medical records. The results were expressed in number of frequencies and percentages and were represented in tables and graphs for their understanding and presentation. Results: The age group that predominated was 50 to 59 years with 62 patients, (48.4%), with the male sex being the most representative (76.6%) with 98 patients. The skin color that predominated was white (44%). The clinical stage that prevailed most was the relatively late one with 83 patients, (64.8%). The combined treatment was the most used in 60% with 77 patients. The risk factor that was most present in 122 patients was smoking, (95.3%), followed by alcoholism with 97 patients (75.7%). The Municipality that contributed the most cases of this disease was Pinar del Rio with 32 patients, (25%). Consolación del Sur is the second area that contributed the most admissions with 16.4% with 21 patients. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 80-80 Volume: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.56294/shp202380 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2023v2a23 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Corina Anabel Choque Ccanchi Author-Name-First: Corina Anabel Author-Name-Last: Choque Ccanchi Author-Name: Christian Omar Quintana Dragichevich Author-Name-First: Christian Omar Author-Name-Last: Quintana Dragichevich Author-Name: Brian Andreé Meneses Claudio Author-Name-First: Brian Andreé Author-Name-Last: Meneses Claudio Author-Name: Jorge Arturo Zapana Ruiz Author-Name-First: Jorge Arturo Author-Name-Last: Zapana Ruiz Title: Health and safety at work in a financial company in 2023 Abstract: The research addressed the influence of occupational health and safety in a financial company during 2023. It focused on identifying working conditions, the risks to which employees were exposed, and the preventive measures implemented by the organisation. A qualitative approach with an experimental design was used, applying interviews to six workers in the commercial area. The results showed that the company offered regular training, occupational medical examinations, internal medical care, and protocols during the pandemic, reflecting an institutional interest in the well-being of its staff. However, deficiencies were detected in the signage of evacuation routes and in the design of the physical space, which compromised safety in emergencies. In addition, employees reported physical ailments due to exposure to ergonomic risks and stress resulting from demanding targets and long hours. The lack of preventive measures by the workers themselves was also a recurring factor in accidents. It was concluded that, although an institutional occupational health framework existed, it was necessary to strengthen preventive awareness, optimise evacuation routes and provide emotional support. The company demonstrated an effort to ensure safe conditions, but greater two-way commitment was required. Finally, recommendations were proposed focusing on awareness, more frequent medical evaluations, and improvement of the physical work environment to reduce risks and improve organisational performance. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 79-79 Volume: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.56294/shp202379 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2023v2a24 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Olmar Reymer Tumbillo Machacca Author-Name-First: Olmar Reymer Author-Name-Last: Tumbillo Machacca Author-Name: Juan Alberto Almirón Cuentas Author-Name-First: Juan Alberto Author-Name-Last: Almirón Cuentas Author-Name: Yaneth Fernández-Collado Author-Name-First: Yaneth Author-Name-Last: Fernández-Collado Author-Name: Freddy Ednildon Bautista-Vanegas Author-Name-First: Freddy Ednildon Author-Name-Last: Bautista-Vanegas Author-Name: Pablo Carías Author-Name-First: Pablo Author-Name-Last: Carías Title: Health-related quality of life in hypertensive individuals attending a cardiology clinic in North Lima Abstract: Quality of life has a significant impact on a person's well-being, although when illness strikes, this well-being tends to decline, thereby altering the person's lifestyle. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the quality of life in relation to health in hypertensive patients who visit a cardiology clinic in northern Lima. This is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study with a total population of 124 hypertensive individuals. The results show that 13.7% (n=17) have a very low quality of life in relation to their health, 26.6% (n=33) have a low quality of life, 9.7% (n=12) have an average quality of life, 43.5% (n=54) have a high quality of life, and 6.5% (n=8) have a very high quality of life. In conclusion, health assessments should be carried out on the population to detect risk factors and hypertension at an early stage. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 84-84 Volume: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.56294/shp202384 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2023v2a25 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Milusca Jaqueline Velarde-Tejada Author-Name-First: Milusca Jaqueline Author-Name-Last: Velarde-Tejada Author-Name: David Fidel Vela-Quico Author-Name-First: David Fidel Author-Name-Last: Vela-Quico Author-Name: Fernando Ubaldo Enciso-Miranda Author-Name-First: Fernando Ubaldo Author-Name-Last: Enciso-Miranda Author-Name: Laura Pamela Mamani Manzaneda Author-Name-First: Laura Pamela Author-Name-Last: Mamani Manzaneda Author-Name: Nancy Rosillo Suárez Author-Name-First: Nancy Author-Name-Last: Rosillo Suárez Title: Quality of life in hypertensive individuals attending a health facility in North Lima Abstract: La calidad de vida es uno de los principales factores que contribuye en el bienestar de salud de la persona ya sea en buen estado de salud o con alguna enfermedad presente, por lo que su objetivo de investigación es determinar la calidad de vida en personas hipertensas que acuden a un establecimiento sanitario de Lima Norte, 2022. Es un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal, con una población total de 150 pacientes diagnosticados con hipertensión arterial, que respondieron un cuestionario de aspectos sociodemográficos y el cuestionario calidad de vida en hipertensos. En los resultados podemos observar que, 71,3% (n=107) tienen una calidad de vida buena, 8% (n=12) una calidad de vida regular y 20,7%(n=31) una calidad de vida mala. Se concluye que, se debe promover los conocimientos acerca de como mejorar su calidad de vida a pacientes con HTA, y que factores pueden poner en riesgo su salud si no se controla de una manera adecuada. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 85-85 Volume: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.56294/shp202385 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2023v2a26 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rafael Romero-Carazas Author-Name-First: Rafael Author-Name-Last: Romero-Carazas Author-Name: Victor Cornejo-Aparicio Author-Name-First: Victor Author-Name-Last: Cornejo-Aparicio Author-Name: Jessica Karina Saavedra-Vasconez Author-Name-First: Jessica Karina Author-Name-Last: Saavedra-Vasconez Author-Name: Milagros Andrea Bracho Rivera Author-Name-First: Milagros Andrea Author-Name-Last: Bracho Rivera Author-Name: Alejandro Carías Author-Name-First: Alejandro Author-Name-Last: Carías Title: Quality of life in the older adult population of a human settlement in North Lima Abstract: Quality of life in older adults is one of the most pressing issues in our country today, given that older adults do not have access to basic needs that would allow them to enjoy an optimal quality of life in terms of their health. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the quality of life of older adults living in a settlement in northern Lima. This is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study with a total population of 122 older adults who completed a questionnaire on sociodemographic data and an instrument for assessing quality of life. The results show that 13.1% (n=16) of older adults have a poor quality of life, 73% (n=89) have a moderately good quality of life, and 13.9% (n=17) have a good quality of life. In conclusion, older adults should be prioritised with regard to their quality of life in order to identify their needs and improve their health with family support and advice from health professionals. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 76-76 Volume: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.56294/shp202376 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2023v2a27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Hugo Bernedo-Moreira Author-Name-First: David Hugo Author-Name-Last: Bernedo-Moreira Author-Name: Alfredo Giovanni Lazo-Barreda Author-Name-First: Alfredo Giovanni Author-Name-Last: Lazo-Barreda Author-Name: Paul Espiritu-Martinez Author-Name-First: Paul Author-Name-Last: Espiritu-Martinez Author-Name: Rebeca Rocio Gomez Rosales Author-Name-First: Rebeca Rocio Author-Name-Last: Gomez Rosales Author-Name: Blas Apaza Huanca Author-Name-First: Blas Author-Name-Last: Apaza Huanca Title: Quality of life in residents with arterial hypertension during the COVID-19 pandemic in North Lima Abstract: Most people with chronic diseases such as high blood pressure consider it to be a condition that will not disrupt their lifestyle, although over time their quality of life will decline if they do not follow an appropriate treatment regimen. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the quality of life of people with high blood pressure during the COVID-19 pandemic in northern Lima. This is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study with a total population of 127 participants who responded to an online survey on sociodemographic aspects and a questionnaire on quality of life in high blood pressure. The results show that 8.7% (n=11) have a high quality of life, 79.5% (n=101) have a medium quality of life, and 11.8% (n=15) have a low quality of life. It can therefore be concluded that the promotion of quality of life in patients with hypertension should be taken into account, as there are multiple factors that can put the person at risk if the disease is at high levels. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 83-83 Volume: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.56294/shp202383 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2023v2a28 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rafael Romero-Carazas Author-Name-First: Rafael Author-Name-Last: Romero-Carazas Author-Name: Victor Cornejo-Aparicio Author-Name-First: Victor Author-Name-Last: Cornejo-Aparicio Author-Name: Jessica Karina Saavedra-Vasconez Author-Name-First: Jessica Karina Author-Name-Last: Saavedra-Vasconez Author-Name: Aaron Samuel Bracho Mosquera Author-Name-First: Aaron Samuel Author-Name-Last: Bracho Mosquera Author-Name: José Gregorio Mora-Barajas Author-Name-First: José Gregorio Author-Name-Last: Mora-Barajas Title: Life satisfaction and its relationship with the mental health of older adults in marginal urban areas of Carabayllo Abstract: Life satisfaction among older adults is important for their personal assessment of the quality of their own experiences and for their personal well-being. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine life satisfaction and its relationship with mental health among older adults in marginal urban areas of Carabayllo. This is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study with a population of 270 older adults who responded to a questionnaire on sociodemographic aspects and a life satisfaction scale. The results showed that 54 (20%) of the older adults were dissatisfied with life, 32 (11.9%) were slightly dissatisfied, 39 (14.4%) were neutral regarding life satisfaction, 84 (31.1%) were satisfied, and 50 (18.5%) were very satisfied. In conclusion, educational talks should be given to older adults, continuing to promote the experience of positive emotions during this stage of life and allowing them to have greater satisfaction with their lives. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 86-86 Volume: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.56294/shp202386 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2023v2a29 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Hugo Bernedo-Moreira Author-Name-First: David Hugo Author-Name-Last: Bernedo-Moreira Author-Name: Alfredo Giovanni Lazo-Barreda Author-Name-First: Alfredo Giovanni Author-Name-Last: Lazo-Barreda Author-Name: Paul Espiritu-Martinez Author-Name-First: Paul Author-Name-Last: Espiritu-Martinez Author-Name: Rita Liss Ramos Perez Author-Name-First: Rita Liss Author-Name-Last: Ramos Perez Author-Name: Amarelys Román-Mireles Author-Name-First: Amarelys Author-Name-Last: Román-Mireles Title: Level of resilience in adolescent motherhood attended at a hospital center in Lima Abstract: Resilience in teenage mothers will play an important role, as it will help them improve their ability to cope with situations that make them vulnerable during pregnancy. Therefore, the research objective is to determine the level of resilience in teenage mothers treated at a hospital in Lima. This is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, non-experimental study with a total population of 125 teenage mothers who responded to a questionnaire on sociodemographic aspects and the 25-item Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale. The results show that 5 (n=4.3%) have a low level of resilience, 29 (n=25.2%) have a medium level of resilience and 81 (n=70.4%) have a high level of resilience. In conclusion, the adolescent's environment must be assessed, as this will allow us to identify any protective or risk factors that promote resilience. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 87-87 Volume: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.56294/shp202387 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2023v2a30 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Milusca Jaqueline Velarde-Tejada Author-Name-First: Milusca Jaqueline Author-Name-Last: Velarde-Tejada Author-Name: David Fidel Vela-Quico Author-Name-First: David Fidel Author-Name-Last: Vela-Quico Author-Name: Fernando Ubaldo Enciso-Miranda Author-Name-First: Fernando Ubaldo Author-Name-Last: Enciso-Miranda Author-Name: Isaura Oberson Santander Author-Name-First: Isaura Author-Name-Last: Oberson Santander Author-Name: Adalid Rimer Condo-Gutierrez Author-Name-First: Adalid Rimer Author-Name-Last: Condo-Gutierrez Title: Quality of life in the older adult population of a geriatric center in Metropolitan Lima Abstract: Quality of life in older adults is essential for good physical and mental health, enabling them to carry out their activities and interact socially. Therefore, the objective of this research is to determine the quality of life of older adults in a geriatric center in Metropolitan Lima. This is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study with a total population of 153 older adults who responded to a questionnaire on sociodemographic data and the WHOQOL-OLD quality of life questionnaire. The results show that 11.8% (n=18) have a poor quality of life, 77.1% (n=118) have a moderately good quality of life, and 11.8% (n=18) have a good quality of life. In conclusion, strategies or campaigns should be implemented to provide comprehensive preventive and promotional health care for older adults. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 78-78 Volume: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.56294/shp202378 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2023v2a31 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mariano Guillermo Bonanno Author-Name-First: Mariano Guillermo Author-Name-Last: Bonanno Title: Current strategies for the treatment of MDR-TB in children and adolescents Abstract: Introduction: The article addressed the challenge posed by drug-resistant tuberculosis, particularly in its multidrug-resistant form (MDR-TB). It explained how this variant of the disease required more extensive, toxic and costly treatments compared to susceptible tuberculosis, critically affecting vulnerable populations such as children and adolescents. Development: He explained that treatments for MDR-TB could be standardized or individualized, the latter being more effective but historically long and with multiple adverse effects. He explained that, until 2018, treatments required at least five second-line drugs for 24 months. He also described the standard two-phase treatment for tuberculosis (intensive and consolidation), and how the emergence of resistance to fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides worsened the results. The article highlighted the impact of newer drugs, such as bedaquiline, delamanid, clofazimine, linezolid and pretomanid, which allowed for shorter, completely oral regimens with less toxicity. He clarified that, although bedaquiline showed great efficacy, its long half-life presented risks if treatment was abandoned or cross-resistance existed. Conclusion He concluded that MDR-TB constituted a significant challenge for healthcare systems, especially in contexts such as Argentina, where access to medicines, pediatric formulations and adequate diagnostics was limited. Finally, he emphasized the importance of specific research in children and adolescents to improve quality of life, strengthen healthcare policies and move towards more equitable and effective care. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 57-57 Volume: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.56294/shp202357 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2023v2a32 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ana Margarita Graz Author-Name-First: Ana Margarita Author-Name-Last: Graz Author-Name: Daniel Coso Author-Name-First: Daniel Author-Name-Last: Coso Title: Autonomy and the End of Life: Reflections from Medicine and the Law Abstract: End-of-life decisions (EOLD) represented a complex challenge in the medical, ethical, legal and cultural spheres in Argentina. Despite their frequency in clinical practice, these issues were not addressed in sufficient depth in medical training or in the local scientific literature. From an anthropological point of view, it was observed that Western culture reduced death to a biological fact, in contrast to other cultures that conceived of it as a transition or transformation. Euthanasia, understood as an action or omission to hasten death and avoid suffering, generated a wide-ranging ethical and philosophical debate. Although Thomas More introduced it from a humanist perspective, the term was distorted by the Nazi regime, being used to justify extermination. This provoked strong social and religious resistance, which persisted over time. In Argentina, Law 26.742 allowed patients to refuse disproportionate treatments and to establish advance directives, without authorising active euthanasia. Recent studies and surveys revealed a social shift towards a more secular and autonomous view of the human being, with growing support for the right to decide on the end of life. However, the legal framework has not yet addressed this demand. In view of this, the need for medical education that integrates the bioethical approach, for interdisciplinary work in care and for a legislative debate in line with social changes, in order to guarantee a dignified, autonomous and respectful death, was highlighted. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 55-55 Volume: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.56294/shp202355 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2023v2a33 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Micaela Ribecca Author-Name-First: Micaela Author-Name-Last: Ribecca Author-Name: José Vicente Postorivo Nauman Author-Name-First: José Vicente Author-Name-Last: Postorivo Nauman Title: Impact of cocaine use in pregnant women: a comprehensive look from the perspective of health and rights Abstract: The study addressed cocaine use during pregnancy as a complex problem, involving biomedical, social, legal and ethical factors. It analysed how this substance affected maternal and foetal health, causing obstetric complications such as hypertension, premature birth and intrauterine growth retardation. In addition, the barriers faced by pregnant women in accessing health services due to stigmatisation and fear of legal reprisals were described. The Argentine regulatory framework was also examined, which, although it recognised consumption as a health issue, failed to prevent punitive practices in reality. Finally, the need to implement inclusive public policies, centred on comprehensive support and respectful of human and reproductive rights, was highlighted. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 52-52 Volume: 2 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp202352 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v2a34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maicon Otávio Ramos Brandi Author-Name-First: Maicon Otávio Author-Name-Last: Ramos Brandi Author-Name: José Luis D’Addino Author-Name-First: José Luis Author-Name-Last: D’Addino Author-Name: Ana Veira Author-Name-First: Ana Author-Name-Last: Veira Title: Evolution and challenges in the treatment of inguinal hernias Abstract: The study addressed inguinal hernias as a frequent cause of surgical intervention in adults, focusing on their classification, risk factors and the main surgical treatment techniques. It explained that these hernias could be divided into direct, indirect and crural hernias, according to their anatomical location. It analysed that recurrent hernias arose after previous interventions, influenced by technical factors or patient conditions such as age, chronic respiratory diseases or smoking. It also explained that surgical treatment had evolved, highlighting two main methods: open surgery and laparoscopic surgery. The latter offered advantages such as less postoperative pain and faster recovery, although it had certain limitations in patients with extensive surgical histories. Finally, he concluded that the choice of treatment should be individualised, assessing the risks and benefits on a case-by-case basis. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 54-54 Volume: 2 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp202354 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v2a35 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juan Miguel Santaya Labrador Author-Name-First: Juan Miguel Author-Name-Last: Santaya Labrador Author-Name: Olga Lidia Perojo López Author-Name-First: Olga Lidia Author-Name-Last: Perojo López Title: Information management in university residences: an experience from the UCM in Pinar del Río Abstract: This study addressed the fundamental role played by information management at the Student Residence of the University of Medical Sciences in Pinar del Río. It analysed how, from an organisational perspective, information was a key resource for decision-making, strategic planning and continuous process improvement. Through a detailed characterisation of the entity, the specific management needs that arose in the handling of data related to enrolment, inventory and the control of scholarship students were identified. The background of automated systems applied in other Cuban universities, such as Holguín, Ciego de Ávila and Pinar del Río, was reviewed, highlighting their contributions and limitations. The work also delved into agile software development methodologies, particularly extreme programming (XP), and tools such as UML and Axure RP, selected for their effectiveness in modelling and prototyping information systems. As a result, a customised technological solution was proposed that responded to the specific characteristics of the institutional environment, with the aim of optimising information management processes. This initiative aimed to facilitate operational efficiency and strengthen the university's social role in the comprehensive training of its students. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 71-71 Volume: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.56294/shp202371 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2023v2a36 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nairobi Hernández Bridón Author-Name-First: Nairobi Author-Name-Last: Hernández Bridón Author-Name: Magalys Pallerols Mir Author-Name-First: Magalys Author-Name-Last: Pallerols Mir Title: Basic surgery. Asepsis and antisepsis. Concepts. Surgical bacteriology. Sterilisation and maintenance of sterilisation equipment Abstract: Introduction: They studied basic oral surgery as a fundamental discipline of dentistry, focused on the surgical treatment of pathologies affecting teeth, jaws and surrounding tissues. They analysed how the correct application of asepsis and antisepsis was crucial to prevent infections in an environment with a high bacterial load, such as the oral cavity. Development: They described asepsis as comprising techniques to prevent contamination by microorganisms, while antisepsis involved the use of chemicals to eliminate pathogens in living tissues. They explained the mechanisms of action of disinfectants and antiseptics, assessing factors such as toxicity, time of action and antimicrobial spectrum. They detailed various methods of disinfection (immersion, lotion, vaporisation, among others) and emphasised the need to sterilise surgical instruments correctly. They also assessed the importance of staff hygiene, operating theatre behaviour and the use of protective equipment. In addition, they recognised frequent occupational hazards - physical, chemical, biological and ergonomic - faced by professionals. Conclusions: They concluded that basic oral surgery required not only technical skills, but also in-depth knowledge of infection control. They identified that poor oral hygiene, systemic diseases and inadequate techniques increased the risk of complications. They reaffirmed the need to follow strict biosafety protocols to protect both the patient and the clinical team. Finally, they stressed the importance of continuous training to prevent and effectively manage the risks inherent in the surgical environment. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 50-50 Volume: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.56294/shp202350 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2023v2a37 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Corina Anabel Choque Ccanchi Author-Name-First: Corina Anabel Author-Name-Last: Choque Ccanchi Author-Name: Christian Omar Quintana Dragichevich Author-Name-First: Christian Omar Author-Name-Last: Quintana Dragichevich Author-Name: Brian Andreé Meneses Claudio Author-Name-First: Brian Andreé Author-Name-Last: Meneses Claudio Author-Name: Jorge Arturo Zapana Ruiz Author-Name-First: Jorge Arturo Author-Name-Last: Zapana Ruiz Title: Occupational Health and Safety Management: Impact on Work Performance and Risk Prevention Abstract: The research addressed the impact of occupational health and safety on work performance, based on national and international studies. It analysed how working conditions, risk management, and prevention programmes influenced the reduction of occupational accidents and illnesses. At the national level, research such as that by Marcelo and Salazar (2021) demonstrated a strong correlation between adequate working conditions and performance, while studies such as that by Curí (2023) showed the effectiveness of prevention programmes in reducing accident rates. Internationally, authors such as Plùas (2019) and Montenegro (2019) highlighted the lack of regulations and technical training as factors that increased exposure to risks, especially in vulnerable sectors. The role of ergonomics, psychosocial and biological risks, and the importance of training staff in regulations and safe practices were also explored. It was concluded that adequate occupational health and safety management not only prevented harm to workers' integrity but also improved the organisational climate and productivity. Prevention, continuous training and the design of integrated policies were pillars for the sustainability of safe working environments. This study provided a comprehensive overview that identified key practices and recommendations applicable in the context of a financial institution. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 62-62 Volume: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.56294/shp202362 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2023v2a38 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sheila Betiana Giselle De Mari Barros Author-Name-First: Sheila Betiana Giselle Author-Name-Last: De Mari Barros Author-Name: María Lorena Díaz Author-Name-First: María Lorena Author-Name-Last: Díaz Title: Towards a dignified old age: policies, rights and realities Abstract: Population ageing in Latin America, and especially in Argentina, has become a progressive phenomenon that has transformed demographic structures. The combination of increased life expectancy and low birth rates has resulted in an increasingly ageing population. In 2040, for the first time, the number of older adults will exceed the number of children in the region. In Argentina, it was projected that by 2030, people over 60 would represent 17.5% of the population. In response to this scenario, international organisations promoted actions such as the World Assembly on Ageing (1982), the Madrid Declaration (2002) and the Decade of Healthy Ageing (2021-2030). The Inter-American Convention on the Protection of the Rights of Older Persons also established key principles such as autonomy, dignity and access to comprehensive health and justice services. However, beyond these regulatory frameworks, the real challenge lay in the effective implementation of policies that would ensure real rights. The health system played a fundamental role in sustaining the functional independence of older persons by providing care, rehabilitation and prevention. In addition, the need to rethink community and family practices to actively include older persons in social life was emphasised. Ultimately, ensuring a dignified old age involved not only recognising rights, but also transforming attitudes and social structures, promoting an inclusive and caring society. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 81-81 Volume: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.56294/shp202381 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2023v2a39 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D'arcy Walter Palacios Baldoceda Author-Name-First: D'arcy Walter Author-Name-Last: Palacios Baldoceda Title: Clinical simulation in the Argentine context: student perception and educational challenges Abstract: The research addressed the use of clinical simulation as an educational strategy for medical students at the Universidad Abierta Interamericana (UAI), in an Argentine context characterized by structural challenges in health and education. Since the reports of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) in 1999 and 2001, simulation has been promoted as a key tool for reducing medical errors and improving the quality of care. This descriptive cross-sectional study set out to identify areas for improvement in the implementation of clinical simulation, through surveys conducted with final-year students who had completed their rotating internship by March 2024. The results showed an overall positive assessment of clinical simulation, highlighting its effectiveness for skills development and its realism. However, opportunities for improvement were also identified. Fifty-one percent of the students pointed out deficiencies in curricular integration and in the measurement of results. In addition, 61% expressed the need for more time to master competencies, and 47% negatively evaluated team training. Instructor training and the educational context were rated as acceptable but perfectible. It was concluded that, although clinical simulation has been a valued training tool at the UAI, its impact could be optimized through structural adjustments in curriculum design, teacher training and the duration of internships. In the current Argentinean context, where educational inequalities are palpable, simulation is presented as a strategic resource for training competent doctors committed to patient safety. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 56-56 Volume: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.56294/shp202356 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2023v2a40 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lucía Daniela Medeot Villegas Author-Name-First: Lucía Daniela Author-Name-Last: Medeot Villegas Author-Name: Romina Leardi Author-Name-First: Romina Author-Name-Last: Leardi Title: HIV testing in Argentina: legal advances and persistent challenges Abstract: In recent decades, Argentina has developed a comprehensive health policy for testing for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), adapting to the social and epidemiological changes in the country and in Latin America. Since the passing of the National AIDS Law (No. 23,798) in 1990, and especially after its update with Law 27,675 in 2022, free, voluntary, confidential and non-prescription access to HIV testing was consolidated in both the public and private systems. This legislation promoted an approach based on human rights, a gender perspective, diversity and the elimination of structural barriers. The Ministry of Health promoted strategies such as rapid testing, which offered results in minutes and was applied in community and mobile settings. These actions, accompanied by national campaigns and the strong involvement of social organisations, facilitated early detection and the immediate start of treatment. However, challenges persisted related to stigma, lack of information, regional inequalities and access in key populations. Compared to other Latin American countries, Argentina led the way in inclusive regulations, while many still maintained restrictive requirements for testing. Argentina also adhered to global targets such as UNAIDS' 95-95-95 and the “Treatment for All” approach, standing out as a regional example. However, the success of its policies depended on their effective territorial implementation, continuous training and sustained political commitment to consolidate a stigma-free testing culture. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 51-51 Volume: 2 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp202351 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v2a41 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Micaela Curti Author-Name-First: Micaela Author-Name-Last: Curti Title: Refractory epilepsy and medicinal cannabis: therapeutic advances in Argentina Abstract: During the period 2022-2024, the use of cannabidiol (CBD) was evaluated in Argentina as an alternative treatment for refractory epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition characterized by seizures that do not respond to conventional drugs. Refractory epilepsy had a negative impact on the quality of life of patients, which motivated the search for more effective therapies. In this context, CBD, a non-psychoactive compound derived from cannabis, was studied for its potential anticonvulsant effect. The clinical research reviewed showed that CBD significantly reduced seizure frequency in a relevant percentage of patients, especially those with severe syndromes such as Dravet and Lennox-Gastaut. In addition, an acceptable safety profile was reported, with mostly mild adverse effects. In Argentina, the progressive legalization of medical cannabis, through Decree 883/2020 and Law 27,669, allowed progress in the research, production and access to CBD. Through REPROCANN, patients accessed therapeutic formulations under medical supervision. However, structural challenges persisted, such as low national production, high costs, lack of professional training and disparities in access between regions. The review concluded that CBD is a valid therapeutic option for refractory epilepsy, but its implementation requires comprehensive policies that guarantee equitable access, medical training and sustainable national productionr. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 53-53 Volume: 2 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp202353 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v2a42 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Milusca Jaqueline Velarde-Tejada Author-Name-First: Milusca Jaqueline Author-Name-Last: Velarde-Tejada Author-Name: David Fidel Vela-Quico Author-Name-First: David Fidel Author-Name-Last: Vela-Quico Author-Name: Fernando Ubaldo Enciso-Miranda Author-Name-First: Fernando Ubaldo Author-Name-Last: Enciso-Miranda Author-Name: Elizabeth del Carmen Ormaza Esmeraldas Author-Name-First: Elizabeth del Carmen Author-Name-Last: Ormaza Esmeraldas Author-Name: Ariel Sosa Remón Author-Name-First: Ariel Author-Name-Last: Sosa Remón Title: Quality of life in hypertensive patients attending a facility during the COVID-19 health emergency in North Lima Abstract: Quality of life in hypertensive patients is one of the priorities committed to health and well-being, given that it depends on how well the person can minimize the risks caused by this disease. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the quality of life in hypertensive patients who visit a healthcare facility during the COVID-19 health emergency in northern Lima. This is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study of a population of 131 hypertensive patients who responded to a questionnaire on sociodemographic aspects and a questionnaire on quality of life in hypertension. The results show that 64.1% (n=84) of hypertensive patients have a good quality of life, 9.2% (n=12) have a fair quality of life, and 26.7% (n=35) have a poor quality of life. In conclusion, strategies for the promotion and prevention of hypertension should be implemented to provide the population with the necessary information about the disease and how to counteract it. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 101-101 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024101 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a43 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Olmar Reymer Tumbillo Machacca Author-Name-First: Olmar Reymer Author-Name-Last: Tumbillo Machacca Author-Name: Juan Alberto Almirón Cuentas Author-Name-First: Juan Alberto Author-Name-Last: Almirón Cuentas Author-Name: Yaneth Fernández-Collado Author-Name-First: Yaneth Author-Name-Last: Fernández-Collado Author-Name: César Carbache Mora Author-Name-First: César Author-Name-Last: Carbache Mora Author-Name: Juan Richar Villacorta Guzmán Author-Name-First: Juan Richar Author-Name-Last: Villacorta Guzmán Title: Depression, anxiety and stress due to the COVID-19 pandemic in residents attending a community health facility in North Lima Abstract: Mental disorders are one of the problems caused by the coronavirus pandemic in the general population. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in people who attend a community health centre in northern Lima. This is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study with a total population of 140 people who attend a community health centre and who responded to a questionnaire on sociodemographic aspects and the depression, anxiety and stress scale. The results show that 51.4% (n=72) of participants have moderate depression, 45% (n=63) have moderate anxiety, and 42.1% (n=59) have moderate stress. In conclusion, comprehensive actions aimed at the mental health of the general population must be reinforced, improved, or implemented due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 102-102 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024102 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a44 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Camila Tamara Pereira de Arruda Author-Name-First: Camila Tamara Author-Name-Last: Pereira de Arruda Author-Name: Patricia Susana Salguero Author-Name-First: Patricia Susana Author-Name-Last: Salguero Title: Relationship of dysbiosis with autism spectrum Disorder Abstract: Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) encompasses neurological development disorders present from birth. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-5, this neuropsychiatric condition manifests itself in two main areas, persistent deficits in social communication and interaction in multiple contexts (verbal or non-verbal languages and socio- emotional reciprocity) as well as restrictive patterns and repetitive behavior, interests or activities. A recent line of research on autism has focused on the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Alteration of the gut microbiota or Dysbiosis has been implicated in neurodevelopmental behavioral changes and gastrointestinal problems in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Materials and methods: To carry out this review, a bibliographic search of scientific articles in computerized databases such as Pubmed and Scielo was used. Conclusion: Various studies have found that children with ASD present significant differences in the intestinal microbiota compared to neurotypical children. These differences not only seem to influence gastrointestinal symptoms, common in people with ASD, but also behavioral ones. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 107-107 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024107 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a45 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fabiane Simone Deprá Author-Name-First: Fabiane Simone Author-Name-Last: Deprá Author-Name: Liliana Lombisani Author-Name-First: Liliana Author-Name-Last: Lombisani Title: Frontotemporal dementia: post debut exposure to a traumatic evento Abstract: Introduction: A traumatic event can forever alter the course of a life. This was the case for a 71-year-old patient who, after experiencing a profoundly impactful event, began to develop symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Over time, these symptoms evolved into something even more devastating: a diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia. This case inspired the present investigation, as PTSD has been identified as a potential risk factor for the development of various types of dementia, particularly frontotemporal dementia. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted to explore the relationship between PTSD and dementia. Additionally, a detailed case analysis of a patient who suffered from PTSD and was subsequently diagnosed with frontotemporal dementia was included to illustrate this potential connection. Results: The reviewed studies suggest that PTSD is associated with an increased risk of developing frontotemporal dementia, especially when the individual has been exposed to prolonged stress. Psychiatric factors such as depression and anxiety emerged as important mediators in this relationship. The clinical case aligns with the studies, showing an early and rapid onset of dementia symptoms following the traumatic event. Conclusion: There is a complex relationship between PTSD and the early onset of dementia, highlighting the importance of comprehensive and timely diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying this connection, allowing for the development of early interventions that could prevent or slow long-term cognitive decline. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 112-112 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024112 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a46 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rocío Soledad Meza Maceiras Author-Name-First: Rocío Soledad Author-Name-Last: Meza Maceiras Author-Name: Karina Bustamante Galarza Author-Name-First: Karina Author-Name-Last: Bustamante Galarza Title: Type II Diabetes: The New Risk Factor for Alzheimer’s Disease Abstract: Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease prevalent in older adults, associated with cita microvascular and macrovascular complications. Recent studies suggest a link between T2DM and an increased risk of dementia, particularly Alzheimer’s disease. The main hypothesis of this study suggests that inflammation and alterations in glucose metabolism, characteristics of T2DM, may contribute to the development of Alzheimer’s pathology. Material and methods: A systematic review was conducted on studies investigating the relationship between T2DM and Alzheimer’s disease. Observational studies examining patients with T2DM, and a confirmed diagnosis of cognitive impairment or Alzheimer’s disease were included. Searches were performed in databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar, with articles published between 2000 and 2024. Results: Out of 29 studies found, 4 relevant articles were selected. The data reveals a significant association between T2DM and an increased risk of cognitive impairment in older adults, highlighting mechanisms such as microcirculatory damage, β-amyloid accumulation, and cerebral insulin resistance. Additionally, it was found that systemic oxidative stress is lower when both diseases coexist, which may be related to a lower cognitive decline compared to patients suffering from only one of the two diseases. Conclusion: The systematic review confirms a significant relationship between T2DM and Alzheimer’s disease, supporting the hypothesis that metabolic processes and insulin resistance are key factors in the progression of cognitive decline. The findings suggest that when both diseases coexist, systemic oxidative stress is moderated, opening new areas of research on protective or modulatory mechanisms. However, additional studies are needed to confirm causality and explore specific interventions that reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s in T2DM patients. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 116-116 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024116 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a47 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gabriela Pinto Coelho do Valle Author-Name-First: Gabriela Author-Name-Last: Pinto Coelho do Valle Author-Name: Sandra Arcieri Author-Name-First: Sandra Author-Name-Last: Arcieri Title: Prevalence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms in patients admitted to the intensive care unit Abstract: The objective of this study is to determine the characteristics observed in the analysis of the medical records of patients admitted to the intensive care unit of the Manuel Belgrano General Acute Care Hospital, during the period from 1 January to 30 June 2024. The study analyses multi-resistant microorganisms, the pathology of admission, the requirement for mechanical ventilation, the antibiotics used empirically and/or directed according to cultures and mortality. The methodology used is a retrospective and observational study to identify the microorganisms present in the intensive care unit of a hospital in a province of Buenos Aires. The main objectives are: 1. To evaluate the number of patients in intensive care with infection by multi-resistant microorganisms in the period from 1 January to 30 June 2024 at Manuel Belgrano Hospital. 2. To determine the types of multi-resistant microorganisms most frequently found in intensive care. 3. To assess the mortality of infected patients. Results: The analysis included 28 patients hospitalised in the ICU from 1 January to 30 June 2024, with an average age of 58.3 years, of whom 70% were men. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (35%), chronic lung disease (26%) and a history of cancer (22%). The main pathogens identified were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (15%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (13%). The most commonly used antibiotic treatments included meropenem and vancomycin, although 70% of the cases presented resistance to multiple drugs, resulting in a mortality rate of 47%. The average length of hospitalisation was 34 days, and 40% of patients discharged required follow-up in specialised care. Respiratory failure affected 65% of patients, with 50% requiring mechanical ventilation. Conclusion: This study has highlighted the complexities and challenges associated with infections caused by multidrug-resistant microorganisms in hospitalised patients. The high mortality rate highlights the urgent need for effective management and prevention strategies. Resistance to multiple antibiotics significantly affects treatment options, highlighting the importance of accurate diagnoses. In addition, the use of mechanical ventilation in a considerable number of patients indicates the severity of respiratory infections. It is essential to strengthen collaboration between multidisciplinary teams, implement rigorous infection control protocols and promote continuous education to face this growing challenge in medical care. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 118-118 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024118 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a48 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bruno Franco Santoro Author-Name-First: Bruno Franco Author-Name-Last: Santoro Author-Name: Mónica Casalnuovo Author-Name-First: Mónica Author-Name-Last: Casalnuovo Title: Presence of PIK3CA mutation in patients with stage IV luminal breast cancer and its relationship with rapid progression Abstract: Background: Breast cancer is a disease of the mammary gland in which its cells grow and multiply abnormally. In Argentina, there were around 131,000 new cases of cancer, of which approximately 22,000 cases were of breast origin (2020). Although survival is increasing and its mortality rate is constantly decreasing due to great advances, in this work we will mention certain aspects related to rapid progression, increased mortality and lack of response to treatments that are associated with specific genetic mutations. We will address the PIK3CA pathway; one of the most active pathways in breast cancer, its relationship with the prognosis of the disease, resistance mechanisms and response to current treatments. Materials and methods: We will rely on academic literature, publications and our own experiences regarding this pathology, taking 23 patients with stage IV luminal breast cancer from the Lucen Clinic and the Marie Curie Hospital between 1998 and 2001. Results: 10 of them had the mutation in the PIK3CA pathway (43%) and 13 did not (57%). In addition to this, we will evaluate the survival time of the patients by comparing both groups; obtaining results that those who had this mutation had a lower average survival time, around 5-6 months, details that will be analyzed later. Conclusion: Therefore, we will conclude that metastatic breast cancer in stages IV that have the mutation of this gene will have a worse prognosis in terms of their quality of life, due to the chemoresistance generated by having the mutated PIK3CA pathway. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 120-120 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024120 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a49 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daniela Villada Escobar Author-Name-First: Daniela Author-Name-Last: Villada Escobar Author-Name: Karina Bustamante Galarza Author-Name-First: Karina Author-Name-Last: Bustamante Galarza Title: Therapeutic use of stem cells obtained from the cord umbilical in patients with diabetes mellitus type I Abstract: Current medicine with a boom in stem cell therapies has great enthusiasm and hope to advance in the cure of some diseases that for many years have affected a large part of the world's population and that as the years go by, the incidence, relapses increase. of the disease, crisis, hospitalizations, comorbidities, complications that can not only affect the patient's health more, but also increase costs for hospitals and the state, in the midst of saving the lives of these patients; For years, the pharmaceutical industry has also produced different medications in search of a less invasive and more specific treatment for each patient, also increasing the cost of maintaining this disease; said disease diabetes mellitus (DM). Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and β-cell dysfunction. In this research we have the objective of focusing the therapeutics and efficacy on stem cells derived from the umbilical cord. that specifically provide several advantages and unique characteristics for said disease. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 119-119 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024119 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a50 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aline Aparecida Pacheco Author-Name-First: Aline Author-Name-Last: Aparecida Pacheco Author-Name: Analía Claudia Sabattini Author-Name-First: Analía Claudia Author-Name-Last: Sabattini Title: Impact of contrast agents on renal function: A systematic review Abstract: Background: Radiological contrast agents are essential for obtaining accurate medical images; however, their use carries a significant risk of nephrotoxicity, a complication that can lead to acute kidney injury (AKI). This systematic review aims to assess the impact of iodinated and gadolinium-based contrast agents on kidney function, comparing their relative risk of inducing contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). Objectives: To evaluate the impact of radiological contrast agents on renal function. Material and methods: A systematic review of the literature available in databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar were conducted. Observational studies controlled clinical trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews published between 2009 and 2024 that evaluated the impact of iodinated and gadolinium-based contrast agents in adult patients undergoing imaging studies were included. Results: The review indicated that the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) varies according to the type of contrast agent and patient conditions. In populations without risk factors, the incidence of CIN was low, while in patients with chronic kidney disease or diabetes, the incidence was significantly higher (up to 12%). No significant differences were observed between iodinated and gadolinium-based contrast agents in terms of CIN risk. In patients with renal insufficiency, proper hydration, combined with other measures such as the use of nitrates, was highlighted as the most effective preventive strategy. There was no clear benefit of N-acetylcysteine in reducing CIN. Overall, intravenous hydration remains the key preventive measure to reduce CIN risk. Conclusion: The literature review indicates the need for more rigorous clinical trials to assess the efficacy and safety of different contrast agents. It highlights the importance of a thorough assessment of individual risk factors to minimize nephrotoxicity in patients undergoing contrast-based procedures. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 121-121 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024121 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a51 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juan José Izquierdo Miranda Author-Name-First: Juan José Author-Name-Last: Izquierdo Miranda Title: Analysis of the Effectiveness and Safety of the Fentermine and Topiramate Association in Obesity: A Systematic Review of the Literature Abstract: Background: Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by excessive calorie consumption, leading to fat storage, and can manifest at any stage of life, with prevalence increasing progressively over the years, contributing to other health problems such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and even certain types of cancer. The imminent global prevalence of obesity has emphasized the need for weight loss methods, including dietary adjustments, physical activity, and pharmacological therapy, which has significantly improved weight loss in individuals with obesity and overweight. Fentermina is a medication used to aid adolescents and adults with obesity who have not achieved sufficient weight loss through conventional methods such as diet and exercise. It acts as an appetite inhibitor by releasing dopamine and noradrenaline. Topiramate, a D-fructose derivative anticonvulsant, has a mechanism of action that is not yet fully understood, but it is known for its anticonvulsant action and participation in treating compulsive eating disorders, overweight, and obesity. Material and methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted based on clinical trials and randomized controlled trials to collect publicly available information. The search was carried out thoroughly in four different search engines/databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. All identified publications were carefully examined and analyzed to ensure the quality and relevance of the collected information. Results: The literature review yielded a total of 21 references, of which 11 met the inclusion criteria. The research articles provided moderate evidence that the combination of Fentermina and Topiramato is effective and safe for obesity treatment. A gradual decrease in body weight was observed in patients from the beginning of treatment up to 20 weeks post-treatment. Additionally, notable secondary results were found, such as changes in blood pressure, triglyceride levels, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and hemoglobin A1C levels from the beginning of treatment. Conclusion: The recommended doses for long-term weight control in adults are 3.75 mg, 7.5 mg, and 15 mg for Fentermina and 23 mg, 46 mg, and 92 mg for Topiramato. If a 5% weight loss is not achieved after 12 weeks with this dose, its use should be reconsidered. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 123-123 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024123 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a52 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gabriela Scarcella Santos Author-Name-First: Gabriela Author-Name-Last: Scarcella Santos Title: Relationship between endometriosis and infertility: systematic bibliographic review Abstract: Background: Endometriosis is a chronic condition affecting a significant percentage of women of reproductive age. It is associated with various complications, including infertility. This systematic review aims to analyze the relationship between endometriosis and infertility, addressing the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and the impact of treatments. Material and methods: Searches were conducted in scientific databases, selecting 15 studies that met predefined criteria. Observational studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses were included. Data were organized to facilitate the comparison of results. Results: Findings indicate a significant association between endometriosis and infertility, with a probability of infertility ranging from 30% to 60% in diagnosed women. Hormonal, inflammatory, and oocyte quality alterations were identified as relevant pathophysiological mechanisms. Surgical treatments showed moderate benefits, though varying by case. Conclusion: Endometriosis is clearly related to infertility, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate management. Further research is needed to deepen the understanding of underlying mechanisms and improve treatment strategies. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 125-125 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024125 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a53 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Agustina Campo Author-Name-First: Agustina Author-Name-Last: Campo Title: Episiotomy: beneficial for the doctor, the woman, or neither? Comparison with vaginal tear based on the complications of the technique Abstract: Introduction: Episiotomy, a surgical incision in the perineum during vaginal delivery, has been used with the goal of reducing high-grade tears. However, currently its routine use has led to reconsidering the benefits of this technique, since it can lead to complications that, in some cases, can be avoided. On the other hand, vaginal tear is not always high grade and is not a necessary condition in a vaginal birth, so the deliberate use of episiotomy is not justified, which can, in the end, have more complications than what it is intended to avoid. Objectives: To analyze the complications of episiotomy compared to those of perineal tear. Material and methods: systematic review of articles published in the last 4 years. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 132-132 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024132 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a54 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Natalia Araujo Jaramillo Author-Name-First: Natalia Author-Name-Last: Araujo Jaramillo Author-Name: Diego Balcarce Author-Name-First: Diego Author-Name-Last: Balcarce Title: Hemophagocytic syndrome associated with dengue ¿what is the cause? Abstract: Introduction: Hemophagocytic syndrome (HS) is a dysregulated immune response that causes severe systemic inflammation and can arise from a variety of conditions, including viral infections such as dengue. Although its immunological process has been studied, diagnostic and treatment protocols remain unclear, affecting patient survival and prognosis. Methodology: A descriptive and retrospective study reviewing the literature of the last two decades to identify consensus on the causal relationship between HS and dengue. Fourteen articles were selected that demonstrated a causal relationship between the pathophysiological mechanisms of HS and dengue in pediatric and adult patients. Results: A consensus was reached associating the uncontrolled inflammatory response of HUS with the pathophysiological processes of dengue in any of its stages, confirmable by studies (laboratory and anatomopathological), its relationship with risk factors to optimize treatments and prognosis. Conclusion: Dengue in any of its stages can be a cause of HUS, but it is not the only entity capable of generating it. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 134-134 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024134 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a55 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tiago Albrecht de Oliveira Author-Name-First: Tiago Author-Name-Last: Albrecht de Oliveira Author-Name: Mauro Perugino Author-Name-First: Mauro Author-Name-Last: Perugino Title: Bibliographic Review on Compartment Syndrome: Critical Evaluation of the 6 P's, Diagnostic Methods and Treatment Algorithms in Unconscious Patients Abstract: Background: The diagnosis of compartment syndrome (CS) traditionally relies on the clinical assessment of the “6 P’s” (pain, paresthesia, pallor, pulse, paralysis, and pressure). However, this subjective assessment poses limitations in unconscious patients, where communication ability is absent. Material and methods: A review of recent studies was conducted to evaluate the validity of the “6 P’s” and the incorporation of intracompartimental pressure measurement as an objective diagnostic method. Results: The reviewed literature indicates that intracompartimental pressure measurement is effective for the early identification of CS, particularly in high-risk patients and contexts with uncertain clinical signs. Conclusion: The integration of continuous monitoring devices and the standardization of cut-off values can improve diagnostic accuracy and reduce errors in the management of CS in unconscious patients. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 136-136 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024136 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a56 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Josiany Maria Barboza Author-Name-First: Josiany Maria Author-Name-Last: Barboza Author-Name: Karina Bustamente Galarza Author-Name-First: Karina Author-Name-Last: Bustamente Galarza Title: Efficacy of Dietary Interventions and Probiotic Use in the Management of Gastrointestinal Disorders in Older Adult Abstract: Background: Older adults experience physiological changes and alterations in the gut microbiota that can significantly impact gastrointestinal health. These changes, alongside the high prevalence of digestive disorders in this population, underscore the need for targeted interventions to improve well-being. Dietary modifications and probiotic supplementation have emerged as promising strategies for managing these symptoms; however, further research is needed to fully understand their effectiveness in this age group. Materials and Methods: A literature search was conducted in databases such as PubMed and the Cochrane Library, focusing on studies published in the last 20 years. Studies examining the relationship between dietary changes, probiotic use, and gastrointestinal disorders in older adults were included. Data analysis was performed using a qualitative and descriptive approach, integrating and evaluating information from the selected studies. Statistical analysis was deemed unnecessary due to the heterogeneity of the studies or the nature of the results, with a focus on evaluating and integrating the available evidence. Results: Probiotics such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Bifidobacterium, and mixtures like VSL#3 were shown to reduce intestinal inflammation, improve gut microbiota, and relieve gastrointestinal symptoms, including abdominal pain, bloating, and constipation, in older adults. In some studies, probiotics were found to be comparable to standard medications like mesalazine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Conclusion: Probiotic use and dietary interventions are promising approaches for improving gastrointestinal disorders in older adults. These interventions not only enhance gut health but could also reduce polypharmacy and improve quality of life. Nevertheless, despite encouraging findings, further well-designed studies are required to better understand the mechanisms involved and to determine the most effective strategies for sustainably enhancing gastrointestinal health in older adults. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 142-142 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024142 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a57 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kamylla Dayse Dos Santos Lima Author-Name-First: Kamylla Dayse Author-Name-Last: Dos Santos Lima Author-Name: Leandro Rodríguez Pardal Author-Name-First: Leandro Author-Name-Last: Rodríguez Pardal Title: Learning needs of general practitioners in the management of acute myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation and pharmacological reperfusión strategies Abstract: Introduction: Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Initial management in primary care centers is associated with early recognition of the condition, as well as the implementation of immediate and effective therapeutic strategies. In this systematic review, the existing empirical evidence was gathered on the learning needs required by recently received general practitioners for the management of acute myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation and its respective pharmacological reperfusion strategy in the primary care of this pathology. Material and methods:A systematic review of more than 30 articles available from the literature was carried out, including the recommendations of national guidelines (Argentine Society of Cardiology), international guidelines (American Heart Association and European Society of Cardiology) as well as the most medical search engines. relevant for the management of AMI and its pharmacological reperfusion. Result: In this systematic review, deficits were revealed to include lack of recognition and adequate treatment of AMI symptoms, delays in care, deficiencies in ECG interpretation, and limitations in training in emergency procedures. Although there is a general understanding about the use of certain drugs (such as aspirin and beta- blockers), some physicians are unaware of treatment protocols, also identifying shortcomings in referral strategies and a limited availability of educational resources. Conclusión; The crucial role that primary care plays in the early identification and management of STEMI symptoms is highlighted. To improve primary care, it is suggested to train staff, implement standardized protocols, and use technology that facilitates diagnosis and treatment. It is essential that health policies prioritize primary care and promote the integration of services to address STEMI more effectively. There is great potential to improve care through collaboration between different sectors. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 147-147 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024147 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a58 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Modesto Cordovés Jerez Author-Name-First: Modesto Author-Name-Last: Cordovés Jerez Author-Name: Ileana Pacheco Valdés Author-Name-First: Ileana Author-Name-Last: Pacheco Valdés Author-Name: Raúl Rodríguez González Author-Name-First: Raúl Author-Name-Last: Rodríguez González Author-Name: Daniel Amador Miranda Author-Name-First: Daniel Author-Name-Last: Amador Miranda Author-Name: Angélica Maria Otaño Lima Author-Name-First: Angélica Maria Author-Name-Last: Otaño Lima Title: Effectiveness of the use of rosemary in otomycosis. Abel Santamaría Cuadrado Hospital Abstract: Plants have played a fundamental role in the development of man. Currently, according to the WHO, it is estimated that 80% of the world's population depends on traditional medicine for their primary health care needs. Bidens pilosa Linné, popularly known as rosemary, has recognized medicinal properties in its digestive, cholera, antiulcer, antifungal and antibacterial action. It is used in the form of herbal medicine, syrup, tincture and fluid extract. Among the diseases diagnosed in the Otorhinolaryngology service of the Abel Santamaría Hospital, natural medications are only prescribed for a small number, given the limited knowledge about scientific evidence that supports their use, so we proposed to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of rosemary in patients with otomycosis at the "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado" General Teaching Hospital during the period from January 2021 to January 2024, for which a non-experimental, descriptive, longitudinal, prospective research was carried out, with data from a database created for the follow-up of patients with otomycosis treated in the emergency room of the "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado General Teaching Hospital". The sample consisted of 900 patients diagnosed with otomycosis. Patients between 48 and 57 years old predominated (26.4%), male (61.2%) and humidity was presented as the main predisposing factor (80.1%). There was a predominance of good clinical evolution (57.8%). Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 100-100 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024100 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a59 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yamila Abib Picaso Author-Name-First: Yamila Author-Name-Last: Abib Picaso Author-Name: Karina Bustamante Galarza Author-Name-First: Karina Author-Name-Last: Bustamante Galarza Title: The importance of sleep hygiene in the treatment of fibromyalgia Abstract: Fibromyalgia is a complex medical condition characterised by chronic pain, fatigue and sleep disturbances. It was highlighted that non-restorative sleep aggravated pain perception, establishing a vicious cycle between the two. It was explained that this disease mainly affected adult women and that hypersensitivity to pain was influenced by neurochemical, psychological and emotional factors. The importance of non-pharmacological strategies, such as sleep hygiene, was emphasised, as these have been shown to improve sleep quality, reduce pain and promote emotional well-being. Finally, it was concluded that a biopsychosocial approach was essential for a comprehensive treatment of fibromyalgia, taking into account both the clinical aspects and the subjective experiences of the patient. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 396-396 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024396 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a60 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bruno Franco Santoro Author-Name-First: Bruno Franco Author-Name-Last: Santoro Author-Name: Mónica Casalnuovo Author-Name-First: Mónica Author-Name-Last: Casalnuovo Title: Impact of the PIK3CA mutation on breast cancer Abstract: Breast cancer was a health priority both globally and in Argentina, where it was the leading cause of death from tumours in women. Its molecular and genetic understanding has led to advances in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. The luminal subtype, characterised by hormone receptors, and the PIK3CA gene mutation, involved in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, were highlighted as being associated with greater tumour aggressiveness and resistance to therapies. In Argentina, studies have shown a high prevalence of this mutation, prompting the use of targeted therapies such as Alpelisib. This personalised approach has improved the stratification and clinical management of the disease. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 400-400 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024400 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a61 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aline Aparecida Pacheco Author-Name-First: Aline Author-Name-Last: Aparecida Pacheco Author-Name: Analía Claudia Sabattini Author-Name-First: Analía Claudia Author-Name-Last: Sabattini Title: Evaluation of the use of contrast agents in medical imaging Abstract: Advances in medical imaging techniques have significantly improved clinical diagnosis, and contrast agents have become essential tools in procedures such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. However, their use has been associated with significant risks, particularly contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN), which mainly affects patients with pre-existing renal or cardiovascular disease. The studies reviewed addressed the pathophysiological mechanisms of this complication, as well as the most effective prevention strategies, such as intravenous hydration and the use of agents with lower renal toxicity potential. The safety of iodinated and even gadolinium-based contrast agents was also analysed, highlighting that some compounds offered a safer profile. Despite advances, clinical controversies persisted, and the need for further research to optimise preventive management and ensure patient safety was emphasised. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 103-103 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024103 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a62 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yamila Abib Picaso Author-Name-First: Yamila Author-Name-Last: Abib Picaso Author-Name: Karina Bustamante Galarza Author-Name-First: Karina Author-Name-Last: Bustamante Galarza Title: The importance of sleep hygiene in the treatment of fibromyalgia Abstract: Fibromyalgia is a complex medical condition characterised by chronic pain, fatigue and sleep disturbances. It was highlighted that non-restorative sleep aggravated pain perception, establishing a vicious cycle between the two. It was explained that this disease mainly affected adult women and that hypersensitivity to pain was influenced by neurochemical, psychological and emotional factors. The importance of non-pharmacological strategies, such as sleep hygiene, was emphasised, as these have been shown to improve sleep quality, reduce pain and promote emotional well-being. Finally, it was concluded that a biopsychosocial approach was essential for a comprehensive treatment of fibromyalgia, taking into account both the clinical aspects and the subjective experiences of the patient. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 104-104 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024104 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a63 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bruno Franco Santoro Author-Name-First: Bruno Franco Author-Name-Last: Santoro Author-Name: Mónica Casalnuovo Author-Name-First: Mónica Author-Name-Last: Casalnuovo Title: Impact of the PIK3CA mutation on breast cancer Abstract: Breast cancer was a health priority both globally and in Argentina, where it was the leading cause of death from tumours in women. Its molecular and genetic understanding has led to advances in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. The luminal subtype, characterised by hormone receptors, and the PIK3CA gene mutation, involved in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, were highlighted as being associated with greater tumour aggressiveness and resistance to therapies. In Argentina, studies have shown a high prevalence of this mutation, prompting the use of targeted therapies such as Alpelisib. This personalised approach has improved the stratification and clinical management of the disease. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 105-105 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024105 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a64 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Camila Tamara Pereira de Arruda Author-Name-First: Camila Tamara Author-Name-Last: Pereira de Arruda Author-Name: Patricia Susana Salguero Author-Name-First: Patricia Susana Author-Name-Last: Salguero Title: Clinical implications of dysbiosis in Autism Spectrum Disorder Abstract: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has been addressed as a challenge in the field of neurodevelopment due to its clinical and etiological complexity. In recent years, interest in non-traditional factors, such as the gut microbiota, has intensified, with its influence on the microbiota-gut-brain axis being the subject of multiple studies. Microbial alterations have been documented in people with ASD, which have been linked to gastrointestinal and behavioural symptoms. Therapies such as probiotics, specific diets and faecal transfer have also been explored, showing clinical improvements in some cases. However, the causal relationship between dysbiosis and ASD remained under debate, highlighting the need for more rigorous studies to understand this complex interaction. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 108-108 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024108 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a65 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eduardo Dizioli Perez Author-Name-First: Eduardo Author-Name-Last: Dizioli Perez Title: Diagnosis and Prevention of Long QT Syndrome in Sports Abstract: The relationship between sports and cardiovascular health, highlighting that, although exercise offered significant benefits, it could also trigger serious events in individuals with hereditary heart conditions, such as Long QT Syndrome (LQTS). This genetic channelopathy affected ventricular repolarisation, increasing the risk of arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death, especially in athletes. LQTS was caused by mutations in specific genes and could manifest as syncope, palpitations or sudden death during physical exertion. Diagnosis required a detailed electrocardiographic evaluation, complicated by physiological changes induced by training. The use of genetic testing and the importance of family screening were also mentioned. Finally, it was highlighted that international guidelines allowed for individualised assessment to determine sports eligibility, promoting personalised medicine that protected the lives of athletes. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 109-109 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024109 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a66 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fabiane Simone Deprá Author-Name-First: Fabiane Simone Author-Name-Last: Deprá Author-Name: Liliana Lombisani Author-Name-First: Liliana Author-Name-Last: Lombisani Title: The neurological impact of post-traumatic stress disorder on the development of degenerative diseases Abstract: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) from a neurobiological perspective, beyond its traditional psychological approach. The study analysed how PTSD, by inducing alterations in brain areas such as the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, may have increased the risk of developing frontotemporal dementia (FTD). The research reviewed identified common mechanisms between the two conditions, such as neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction, which suggested a possible causal link. Furthermore, it was considered that chronic stress may not only have acted as a trigger for neurodegenerative diseases, but may also have been aggravated by them. Finally, it was proposed that early identification and management of chronic stress could have contributed to preventing or delaying the onset of FTD. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 113-113 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024113 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a67 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giulia Athayde Bonafé Author-Name-First: Giulia Author-Name-Last: Athayde Bonafé Title: Social and structural challenges in the implementation of PrEP Abstract: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) was considered a crucial advance in HIV prevention, especially in high-risk populations. Its use proved highly effective in significantly reducing virus transmission, although its implementation presented multiple challenges. Adherence to treatment was found to be key to its effectiveness, but it was also linked to an increase in sexually transmitted infections, attributed to changes in risk behaviours. In addition, inequalities in access were identified, mainly in rural and marginalised areas of Latin America. Mental health and training for healthcare personnel were also key factors in the sustainability of the programme. Finally, it was concluded that further research was essential to adapt this strategy to different cultural and social contexts. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 115-115 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024115 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a68 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gabriela Pinto Coelho do Valle Author-Name-First: Gabriela Author-Name-Last: Pinto Coelho do Valle Author-Name: Sandra Arcieri Author-Name-First: Sandra Author-Name-Last: Arcieri Title: Bacterial threat in the ICU: clinical impact and strategies against multi-resistance Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance became established as one of the main challenges in hospital medicine, especially in the Intensive Care Units of the General Hospital for Acute Patients ‘Manuel Belgrano’. In this environment, there was an increase in infections caused by multi-resistant bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, making clinical treatment difficult. Factors such as prolonged mechanical ventilation, comorbidities and the intensive use of antibiotics favoured the spread of these pathogens. The study recognised the need to implement comprehensive strategies, focused on surveillance, the rational use of antimicrobials and the training of healthcare personnel. The situation at the Manuel Belgrano Hospital reflected a broader problem that required a multidisciplinary healthcare response. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 126-126 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024126 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a69 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vitor Nifoci Author-Name-First: Vitor Author-Name-Last: Nifoci Author-Name: Cristian Emanuel Cabrera Author-Name-First: Cristian Emanuel Author-Name-Last: Cabrera Title: The use of cannabidiol in epilepsy: therapeutic and legal advances Abstract: Epilepsy was defined as a chronic neurological condition characterised by spontaneous and repeated epileptic seizures. Its diagnosis was based on criteria established by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), such as the occurrence of multiple unprovoked seizures or the identification of an epileptic syndrome. The classification of epilepsy allowed treatments to be individualised according to the type of seizure, although a significant percentage of patients presented refractory epilepsy, with no adequate response to conventional medication. Over recent decades, interest in new therapies has increased, including cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive compound from the Cannabis sativa plant. Preclinical and clinical research has demonstrated its anticonvulsant and neuroprotective potential and its role as a modulator of the endocannabinoid system, especially in severe epileptic syndromes such as Lennox-Gastaut and Dravet. CBD acted without directly binding to the classic receptors of the endocannabinoid system, which broadened its therapeutic potential in other conditions, such as anxiety, chronic pain, inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. In Argentina, legal progress was made in the medicinal use of cannabis. Law 27.350 and Decree 883/2020 allowed regulated access to CBD, including self-cultivation for therapeutic purposes. In 2022, Law 27.669 promoted the industrial development of medicinal cannabis, with the creation of the ARICCAME agency. Despite this progress, it was still considered essential to continue researching in order to understand the mechanisms of CBD, define its safe doses and evaluate its long-term effectiveness. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 138-138 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024138 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a70 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Isabela Petrone Arifa Author-Name-First: Isabela Author-Name-Last: Petrone Arifa Author-Name: Lucas Daniel Udovin Author-Name-First: Lucas Daniel Author-Name-Last: Udovin Title: Therapeutic potential of palmitoylethanolamide in neurodegenerative diseases Abstract: The therapeutic potential of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. He described how PEA, an endogenous compound with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, acted on neuroinflammation and oxidative stress by activating the PPAR-α receptor. Preclinical and clinical studies were reviewed that showed cognitive and motor improvements after administration, as well as its combination with luteolin to enhance its effect. The need for further research into other diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia was also highlighted, emphasising the importance of rigorous methodologies to validate its efficacy. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 140-140 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024140 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a71 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joaquin Edgardo Torres Author-Name-First: Joaquin Edgardo Author-Name-Last: Torres Author-Name: Virginia Marta Jewtuchowicz Author-Name-First: Virginia Marta Author-Name-Last: Jewtuchowicz Title: Oral manifestations of HIV: analysis of oropharyngeal candidiasis as an immunological marker Abstract: Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) is a highly prevalent fungal infection in immunosuppressed patients, especially those infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Candida albicans has been described as the main etiological agent, capable of changing its morphology to facilitate invasion of the oral mucosa. The onset of OP was found to be closely related to low CD4+ lymphocyte levels and was recognised as an early marker of progression to AIDS. In addition, the different clinical manifestations of OP and its higher frequency in patients not receiving effective antiretroviral therapy were analysed. The research concluded that early diagnosis, immunological monitoring, and appropriate antifungal therapy were essential for improving the quality of life of HIV-positive patients. Despite advances in antiretroviral therapy, oropharyngeal candidiasis persisted as a relevant infection, especially in resource-limited settings. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 141-141 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024141 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a72 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Josiany Maria Barboza Author-Name-First: Josiany Maria Author-Name-Last: Barboza Author-Name: Karina Bustamente Galarza Author-Name-First: Karina Author-Name-Last: Bustamente Galarza Title: Digestive health in older adults: a comprehensive approach Abstract: The impact of population ageing on the digestive health of older adults, focusing on gastrointestinal disorders as a frequent and complex problem. Physiological changes associated with ageing were described, such as alterations in the gut microbiota and epithelial barrier dysfunction, which increased the incidence of conditions such as chronic constipation and irritable bowel syndrome. Therapeutic interventions such as the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary fibre were also reviewed, showing promising results in symptom relief, although with methodological limitations in the available studies. In addition, the negative influence of polypharmacy on gastrointestinal health was highlighted. Finally, it was concluded that a comprehensive, evidence-based approach was key to improving digestive quality of life in old age. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 144-144 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024144 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a73 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juliana Stupnik Author-Name-First: Juliana Author-Name-Last: Stupnik Author-Name: Gerardo Laube Author-Name-First: Gerardo Author-Name-Last: Laube Title: Fecal microbiota transplantation as an effective therapeutic alternative Abstract: Antibiotic-associated diarrhoea was a common complication of antimicrobial treatment, mainly caused by an imbalance in the gut microbiota. Clostridioides difficile was identified as the most frequent causative agent, capable of triggering pseudomembranous colitis, especially in vulnerable patients. Given the high recurrence rates of conventional treatments, faecal microbiota transplantation was evaluated as an effective therapeutic alternative. This procedure involved transferring faecal material from a healthy donor to an affected recipient, achieving remarkable restoration of intestinal balance, reduced mortality, and significant clinical improvement. In addition to its efficacy, a favourable safety profile and reduced healthcare costs were documented, consolidating it as a key tool in the treatment of recurrent C. difficile infections. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 145-145 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024145 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a74 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kamylla Dayse Dos Santos Lima Author-Name-First: Kamylla Dayse Author-Name-Last: Dos Santos Lima Author-Name: Leandro Rodríguez Pardal Author-Name-First: Leandro Author-Name-Last: Rodríguez Pardal Title: Medical training and clinical response in the management of STEMI from the first level of care Abstract: The limitations faced by primary care in addressing ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Early diagnosis and treatment were highlighted as key to improving patient prognosis, but obstacles persisted, such as insufficient training of medical personnel, lack of resources, and the absence of standardised protocols. Various studies showed that many doctors were not adequately prepared to recognise and treat STEMI effectively, a situation exacerbated by deficiencies in practical medical education, especially during the pandemic. The need to strengthen clinical training, adequately equip health centres and establish integrated networks to ensure rapid access to reperfusion treatments was also highlighted. The study concluded that only a comprehensive approach would improve the healthcare response to this critical emergency. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 148-148 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024148 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a75 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anelys García Salgado Author-Name-First: Anelys Author-Name-Last: García Salgado Author-Name: Hanoi Mijares Medina Author-Name-First: Hanoi Author-Name-Last: Mijares Medina Author-Name: Anadely Gámez Pérez Author-Name-First: Anadely Author-Name-Last: Gámez Pérez Author-Name: Elena López González Author-Name-First: Elena Author-Name-Last: López González Title: Hematology: A comprehensive approach to study and practice Abstract: Blood is a very particular tissue, which has numerous properties. Hematologic diseases encompass a wide range of conditions, including anemias, coagulation disorders, leukemias, lymphomas, and myelomas. Hematology is a vital field that not only focuses on diseases, but has a significant impact on the individual's individual health. The continuous evolution of knowledge and techniques in this discipline promises to improve clinical outcomes and patients' quality of life. General objective: Provide a comprehensive and up-to-date understanding of the components, functions and disorders of blood, as well as the diagnostic methods and treatments available. Aim. Describe a complete approach to study and practice. The methodology used for this research work is framed within a documentary-type bibliographic review, since we are going to deal with topics raised at a theoretical level such as Pediatric Hematology and the most frequent disorders. The technique for data collection consists of electronic materials, the latter such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science direct, among others, descriptors in health sciences were used. Based on the bibliography found Conclusions: The Article offers a comprehensive and updated vision of blood and its diseases. This resource is essential for health professionals and students. Promoting an evidence-based approach. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 99-99 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp202499 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a76 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Camila Tamara Pereira de Arruda Author-Name-First: Camila Tamara Author-Name-Last: Pereira de Arruda Author-Name: Patricia Susana Salguero Author-Name-First: Patricia Susana Author-Name-Last: Salguero Title: The gut-brain axis and neurodevelopment: microbial correlations in autism Abstract: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) was described as a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by difficulties in social communication and repetitive behaviours. In Argentina, as in other countries, an increase in its prevalence has been observed. The relationship between ASD and the gut microbiota was investigated, finding significant differences in children with ASD compared to neurotypical children, particularly in bacteria such as Clostridium, Bacteroides, and Desulfovibrio. A study published in 2024 identified 31 biological markers in faecal samples from children with ASD, suggesting a possible use of the microbiome as a diagnostic tool. However, some researchers proposed that these alterations could be due to selective eating behaviours. Various interventions were explored, such as specific diets, probiotics, prebiotics and faecal microbiota transplants. In Argentina, interest in this integrative approach grew, highlighting the gut-brain axis as a relevant component in understanding and addressing ASD. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 106-106 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024106 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a77 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eduardo Dizioli Perez Author-Name-First: Eduardo Author-Name-Last: Dizioli Perez Title: SQTL and competitive sports: a challenge for medicine in Latin America Abstract: The QT interval, measured on the ECG, represented the time of ventricular depolarisation and repolarisation, and its prolongation indicated a risk of serious arrhythmias or sudden death. In athletes, this prolongation was sometimes observed as a physiological adaptation, although in certain cases it responded to pathologies such as Long QT Syndrome (LQTS). As competitive sport became more professional in Latin America, concerns grew about latent cardiac conditions, especially after sudden deaths in elite athletes. The diagnosis of prolonged QT required detailed evaluations, as intense training altered normal heart parameters. The lack of standardised protocols, systematic screening and access to advanced technology made it difficult to detect LQTS, increasing the risk in genetically susceptible populations. Despite some advances in education and partial reforms, inequalities in cardiac care persisted, making prolonged QT a medical and social challenge. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 110-110 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024110 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a78 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fabiane Simone Deprá Author-Name-First: Fabiane Simone Author-Name-Last: Deprá Author-Name: Liliana Lombisani Author-Name-First: Liliana Author-Name-Last: Lombisani Title: Impact of trauma and healthcare response to frontotemporal dementia Abstract: Frontotemporal dementia is a neurodegenerative disease that mainly affects the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain, causing changes in behaviour, personality and language. Although its cause was mainly genetic, traumatic events were also considered to act as triggers or accelerators of its clinical onset. In Latin America, particularly in Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay, this relationship has become especially relevant due to population ageing, stigmatisation, and deficiencies in mental health systems. In Argentina, the lack of a specific national plan hampered comprehensive care; Brazil implemented community-based policies, albeit with regional inequalities; and Uruguay led regional cooperation efforts but still faced limitations in specific policies for dementia. It was concluded that public strategies including prevention, early diagnosis and support for caregivers needed to be developed. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 111-111 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024111 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a79 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giulia Athayde Bonafé Author-Name-First: Giulia Author-Name-Last: Athayde Bonafé Title: Progress and challenges in the implementation of PrEP in Latin America Abstract: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has become a key tool in HIV prevention in Latin America, although its implementation has been uneven across countries. Brazil led the way in 2017, focusing on high-risk populations such as men who have sex with men and transgender women. Argentina integrated PrEP into its combined prevention strategy through specialised centres and clinical guidelines. Uruguay developed specific guidelines and pilot programmes, while Chile focused on studies and training. Bolivia and Paraguay recently began incorporating PrEP into their public health systems, facing challenges in data collection and access. PrEP use was associated with both a possible increase in risky sexual behaviour and earlier detection of STIs thanks to frequent access to health services. Low coverage and factors such as stigma, lack of knowledge, and infrastructure limitations were common obstacles. Despite this, PrEP proved to be an effective strategy for reducing HIV, underscoring the need for sustainable and inclusive public policies to expand its impact in the region. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 114-114 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024114 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a80 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rocío Soledad Meza Maceiras Author-Name-First: Rocío Soledad Author-Name-Last: Meza Maceiras Author-Name: Karina Bustamante Galarza Author-Name-First: Karina Author-Name-Last: Bustamante Galarza Title: Impact of type 2 diabetes on the onset of Alzheimer's disease in the elderly population Abstract: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD) were recognised as two chronic pathologies whose prevalence has increased significantly in recent decades, especially in countries such as Argentina. Various investigations showed that DM2 acted as a possible risk factor for the development of AD. Epidemiological studies, such as the Rotterdam Study, showed that people with DM2 had up to twice the risk of suffering from dementia compared to the non-diabetic population. The mechanisms involved included insulin resistance, chronic inflammation and cerebral vascular damage, all of them associated with neurodegenerative processes. In the Argentinian context, the health panorama was complicated by the ageing of the population and the sustained increase in chronic non-communicable diseases. It was estimated that 1 in 10 adults had diabetes, and a high percentage were unaware of their condition, making early intervention difficult. Likewise, the prevalence of dementia in people over 65 years of age reached 12.2%, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common form. This situation generated a significant burden for the health system and families, due to the complexity of care and the increase in functional dependence in old age. Strategies to address this problem included early detection, the promotion of healthy lifestyles, health education and the strengthening of epidemiological surveillance. The relationship between DM2 and AD posed a new challenge for public health, requiring comprehensive and sustained responses. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 117-117 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024117 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a81 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juliana Stupnik Author-Name-First: Juliana Author-Name-Last: Stupnik Author-Name: Gerardo Laube Author-Name-First: Gerardo Author-Name-Last: Laube Title: Faecal microbiota transplantation: an emerging solution for recurrent infections Abstract: Clostridioides difficile infection was one of the main causes of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea, especially in Latin America, where its incidence increased considerably. Traditionally, it was treated with antibiotics such as metronidazole and vancomycin, although fidaxomicin emerged as a more effective option. However, the high recurrence rates prompted exploration of faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), which proved more effective in recurrent cases. Although FMT was recognised as a promising therapy, its implementation in Latin America faced barriers such as a lack of protocols, infrastructure, regulation and cultural acceptance. Despite these challenges, scientific evidence supported its progressive incorporation into health systems. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 122-122 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024122 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a82 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gabriela Scarcella Santos Author-Name-First: Gabriela Author-Name-Last: Scarcella Santos Title: Impact of endometriosis on female fertility: evidence and challenges in Argentina Abstract: Endometriosis was identified as a chronic, common and underdiagnosed gynecological condition affecting between 10% and 20% of women of reproductive age and closely associated with infertility. Between 30% and 50% of those who suffered from it faced difficulties conceiving, which reflected the complexity of its impact on reproductive health, especially in Latin America. This study carried out a systematic literature review that allowed for an analysis of the relationship between endometriosis and infertility, identifying proposed pathophysiological mechanisms, such as hormonal, immunological and anatomical alterations. Despite these advances, there was still a lack of consensus on the exact mechanisms involved and on the effectiveness of available treatments, such as laparoscopic surgery and hormone therapies, whose results were variable and contradictory. The work was contextualized in the Argentine scenario between the years 2020 and 2024, a period marked by the COVID-19 pandemic and an increased visibility of sexual and reproductive rights. However, endometriosis remained absent from the public agenda, and difficulties in early diagnosis and access to specialized treatments continued to affect thousands of women. It was concluded that there is an urgent need to strengthen research, improve medical training and develop public policies that include endometriosis as a priority within reproductive health, in order to guarantee comprehensive care that improves the quality of life of the women affected. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 124-124 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024124 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a83 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gabriela Pinto Coelho do Valle Author-Name-First: Gabriela Author-Name-Last: Pinto Coelho do Valle Author-Name: Sandra Arcieri Author-Name-First: Sandra Author-Name-Last: Arcieri Title: Antimicrobial resistance crisis in Latin American ICUs Abstract: Healthcare-associated infections represented a growing challenge in hospitals, especially in intensive care units, where patients were more vulnerable. In this context, multi-resistant microorganisms made treatment difficult and increased health risks. In Latin America, antimicrobial resistance reached alarming levels due to the indiscriminate use of antibiotics, lack of control and surveillance, and limited health infrastructure. Pathogens such as Klebsiella pneumoniae KPC, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ESBL-producing enterobacteria and MRSA were frequently identified in ICUs. This situation increased mortality, length of hospitalisation and the use of high-cost antibiotics. The response to this crisis required programmes for antimicrobial optimisation, infection control and strengthening of epidemiological surveillance. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 127-127 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024127 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a84 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Francy Ellen De Lima Author-Name-First: Francy Ellen Author-Name-Last: De Lima Author-Name: Gerardo Erico Laube Author-Name-First: Gerardo Erico Author-Name-Last: Laube Title: Clostridioides difficile infection: A growing threat in Argentine hospitals Abstract: The study addressed Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) as one of the main causes of nosocomial diarrhea in hospitalized patients, especially in older adults and people with comorbidities. We analyzed how the prolonged and inadequate use of antibiotics altered the intestinal microbiota, facilitating colonization of the bacillus. Likewise, the main risk factors were described, including prolonged hospitalization, exposure to broad-spectrum antimicrobials and stay in intensive care units. In the Argentine context of the year 2024, there was a lack of standardized epidemiological data, difficulty in accessing sensitive diagnostic methods and unequal implementation of preventive measures among institutions. The Argentine health system, which was affected by structural tensions, economic limitations and institutional fragmentation, showed difficulties in controlling the spread of CDI, resulting in increased morbidity, prolonged hospitalization and higher hospital costs. Despite these limitations, the study highlighted the importance of strengthening epidemiological surveillance, promoting the rational use of antibiotics, training health personnel and improving infection control programs. Finally, it was concluded that a multidisciplinary approach, supported by sustained health policies and coordinated actions between the public and private sectors, was essential to reduce the incidence of this infection in Argentina and to improve clinical outcomes in vulnerable patients. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 128-128 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024128 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a85 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Francisco Gómez Carazo Author-Name-First: Francisco Author-Name-Last: Gómez Carazo Author-Name: Facundo Correa Author-Name-First: Facundo Author-Name-Last: Correa Title: Severity assessment in critically ill patients: challenges for the Argentine system in 2024 Abstract: The text analyzed the use of the APACHE II and SOFA prognostic scales in the Argentine context during the year 2024, highlighting their relevance in the evaluation of severity and mortality in critically ill patients admitted to intensive care units. The components of both scales were described in detail and it was explained how each one allowed quantifying the clinical condition of the patient by means of physiological and biochemical variables. However, the limitations encountered for their effective application in the Argentine health system, marked by the economic crisis, shortage of medical supplies, lack of trained personnel and structural deficiencies in public hospitals, were also exposed. The research addressed how these barriers hindered the full implementation of such tools, leading to a greater dependence on the clinical judgment of the health professional. In addition, the crucial role played by medical expertise, diagnostic sensitivity and communication with family members was highlighted, especially in an unequal social and healthcare environment. The role of technology was also mentioned as a potential support in the automatic calculation of the scales, although its availability was limited and uneven. Finally, the text emphasized that, although scales such as APACHE II and SOFA were useful as a guide, they did not replace the critical eye or the vocation of health care personnel. Their effective use depended on a strengthened system, sufficient resources and a humanized vision of intensive care. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 129-129 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024129 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a86 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mariano Guillermo Bonanno Author-Name-First: Mariano Guillermo Author-Name-Last: Bonanno Title: Health strategies against multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in the Argentine context Abstract: Introduction:Since 2010, Argentina has faced significant challenges in tackling multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), especially in adolescents and children. Despite the legal framework established by National Law No. 24,695, inequalities persisted in the application of public policies, hindering the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of this disease throughout the country. Development:The epidemiological situation of MDR-TB worsened due to therapeutic abandonment, the inappropriate use of antibiotics and the limited availability of rapid diagnostics. Although tools such as GeneXpert and Genotype MTBDRplus were incorporated, their coverage was limited. In terms of treatment, Argentina adopted standardized regimens recommended by the WHO, but these proved to be lengthy and ineffective in pediatric populations. The use of modern drugs such as bedaquiline and linezolid was promoted, although access to them was restricted. The specific needs of children and adolescents were not adequately addressed, despite the enactment of Law No. 26,061. On the other hand, Resolution No. 680/2022 promoted shorter and oral regimens, and the psychosocial impact of treatment was recognized, although without concrete comprehensive strategies. Conclusion: Although regulatory and technical advances have been made, Argentina still needs to consolidate effective policies to guarantee an equitable approach to MDR-TB in vulnerable populations. Only a coordinated strategy, based on scientific evidence and rights, will be able to transform the management of drug-resistant tuberculosis and ensure universal access to healthcare. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 130-130 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024130 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a87 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aline Aparecida Pacheco Author-Name-First: Aline Author-Name-Last: Aparecida Pacheco Author-Name: Analía Claudia Sabattini Author-Name-First: Analía Claudia Author-Name-Last: Sabattini Title: Strategies to reduce renal risks associated with the use of contrast Abstract: The use of contrast agents transformed diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, allowing for better internal visualisation. However, it also generated complications such as contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI), especially in patients with risk factors such as chronic kidney disease, diabetes or heart failure. In Argentina, during 2024, the importance of evaluating patients before the use of contrast, adequate hydration and the use of low-osmolality agents was recognised. Strategies such as standardised protocols, medical training and monitoring were established to reduce the incidence of this complication. Prevention and equitable access to resources were key to improving renal health outcomes. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 131-131 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024131 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a88 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adriana José da Fonseca Author-Name-First: Adriana Author-Name-Last: José da Fonseca Author-Name: José Roberto Rosler Author-Name-First: José Roberto Author-Name-Last: Rosler Title: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy and autism: a tool for inclusion based on rights Abstract: Anxiety was a frequent comorbidity in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), negatively affecting their quality of life. Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT) was positioned as an effective strategy to mitigate these symptoms, especially in children with high-functioning ASD. Several studies supported its effectiveness, showing improvements in the social adaptation and emotional well-being of this population. In the Argentine context, the approach to disability shifted from a medical model to a social rights paradigm, where it was considered that the real limitations were not individual, but social and structural. This new framework promoted the adaptation of therapies such as CBT, emphasising the need to personalise treatments according to the characteristics of the child's environment. It also involved guaranteeing accessibility in educational and health institutions, eliminating physical, communicational and attitudinal obstacles. National legislation, in particular Law 26.378, ratified the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, obliging the State to provide therapeutic care under conditions of equality. However, significant challenges persisted in the implementation of these regulations. It was essential that professionals received continuous training and that families actively participated in the therapeutic processes. The evidence showed that integrating CBT into the social paradigm increased the chances of achieving genuine inclusion and a substantial improvement in the quality of life of children with ASD. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 133-133 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024133 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a89 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valeria Paola Laguna Ramos Author-Name-First: Valeria Paola Author-Name-Last: Laguna Ramos Author-Name: Marcelo Adrián Estrin Author-Name-First: Marcelo Adrián Author-Name-Last: Estrin Title: Pharmacological management of acute confusional state in Latin America Abstract: Acute confusional syndrome (ACS) was described as an acute and fluctuating mental disorder, common in older adults hospitalised in Latin America. The pharmacological use of haloperidol and benzodiazepines in its treatment was analysed. Haloperidol was widely used due to its efficacy and low cost, although warnings were given about its adverse effects, such as extrapyramidal symptoms and arrhythmias. Benzodiazepines were reserved for cases of alcohol withdrawal due to their cognitive and respiratory risks. The importance of monitoring, prevention and staff training protocols was emphasised in order to improve the management of ACS in the region. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 135-135 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024135 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a90 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ana Margarita Graz Author-Name-First: Ana Margarita Author-Name-Last: Graz Author-Name: Daniel Coso Author-Name-First: Daniel Author-Name-Last: Coso Title: Dignified death and euthanasia in Argentina: regulatory evolution and approach in university medical training Abstract: In Argentina, the debate on dignified death and euthanasia developed significantly at the legal and academic level. The passing of Law 26.742 in 2012 represented a key advance, allowing patients to refuse medical treatments that would artificially prolong life, without authorising active euthanasia, which remained criminalised. Although legislative projects were presented to regulate it, active euthanasia has still not obtained a legal framework. In universities, especially in medical degrees, these subjects were integrated into courses such as Bioethics, Legal Medicine and Deontology, promoting ethical, critical and humanistic training in the face of end-of-life challenges. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 137-137 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024137 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a91 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vitor Nifoci Author-Name-First: Vitor Author-Name-Last: Nifoci Author-Name: Cristian Emanuel Cabrera Author-Name-First: Cristian Emanuel Author-Name-Last: Cabrera Title: Progress in health policies on CBD in Argentina and MERCOSUR Abstract: Cannabidiol (CBD), a compound derived from cannabis, was considered a promising therapeutic option for treating refractory epilepsy. It was shown that, when combined with conventional treatments, it significantly reduced seizures in syndromes such as Dravet, Lennox-Gastaut and Tuberous Sclerosis. In Argentina, its benefits were recognised and public policies were implemented to facilitate access, with the authorisation of the ANMAT and programmes of the Ministry of Health. At a regional level, MERCOSUR promoted joint strategies to improve access to high-cost medicines. However, serious adverse effects were observed, making strict medical supervision necessary. In general, CBD represented a relevant therapeutic alternative, although the need for further research into its safety and efficacy was emphasised. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 139-139 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024139 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a92 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Josiany Maria Barboza Author-Name-First: Josiany Maria Author-Name-Last: Barboza Author-Name: Karina Bustamente Galarza Author-Name-First: Karina Author-Name-Last: Bustamente Galarza Title: Nutrition and probiotics in the care of older adults in Latin America Abstract: Population ageing has posed a growing challenge for healthcare systems, especially in Latin America and Argentina. In this context, there has been an increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases and gastrointestinal disorders in older adults. Dietary interventions and the use of probiotics have gained relevance as strategies to improve intestinal health and quality of life in this group. Age-related physiological changes affecting gastrointestinal function were identified, and the role of a diet rich in fibre and certain probiotic strains in improving symptoms such as constipation and irritable bowel syndrome was highlighted. Health policies in Argentina began to incorporate these strategies, although challenges related to professional training and the need for more local scientific evidence persisted. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 143-143 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024143 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a93 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kamylla Dayse Dos Santos Lima Author-Name-First: Kamylla Dayse Author-Name-Last: Dos Santos Lima Author-Name: Leandro Rodríguez Pardal Author-Name-First: Leandro Author-Name-Last: Rodríguez Pardal Title: The role of general practitioners in the management of acute myocardial infarction in resource-limited settings Abstract: Acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation (STEMI) was one of the leading causes of death in Argentina and constituted a medical emergency requiring rapid and effective intervention. Timely care significantly reduced mortality, although challenges persisted in both the prehospital and hospital settings, especially in areas with limited resources. The annual incidence was 128 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, with a hospital mortality rate of 9% and a prehospital mortality rate of 91%. General practitioners played a key role in the diagnosis and initial treatment of STEMI, highlighting the need for training in ECG interpretation, reperfusion options, drug administration, and coordinated work with emergency services. Although primary coronary angioplasty was the treatment of choice, prehospital thrombolysis was used as an alternative in regions with poor infrastructure. Strategies such as ongoing training, the development of care networks, the standardisation of prehospital protocols and the use of technologies such as telemedicine were proposed to overcome the structural barriers of the Argentine health system. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 146-146 Volume: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024146 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2024v3a94 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kirenia Apaulaza Corrales Author-Name-First: Kirenia Author-Name-Last: Apaulaza Corrales Author-Name: Miguel Luis González Martínez Author-Name-First: Miguel Luis Author-Name-Last: González Martínez Author-Name: Maydelin Del Carmen Fernández González Author-Name-First: Maydelin Del Carmen Author-Name-Last: Fernández González Author-Name: Jorge Ernesto Rojas Concepción Author-Name-First: Jorge Ernesto Author-Name-Last: Rojas Concepción Author-Name: Roberto Madera Chirico Author-Name-First: Roberto Author-Name-Last: Madera Chirico Title: Pseudomonas spp as a pathogen responsable for sepsis in pediatric ages Abstract: Introduction: Pseudomonas infections have suffered transformations at their origin , incidence and antimicrobial resistance.Objetive: Compare community infections and those associated with health care for Pseudomonas in patients admited to the pediatricProvincial Hospital Pepe Portilladuring the year 2022.Method: 65 patients with positive isolation of Pseudomonas spp were studied, the simple corresponded to 57 of them whopresented a clinical suspicion or confirmation of an infection associatedwith helth or community assistance by gender.For statistical analysis, the satatistical Package for Social Sciences versión 12.0 for qualitative and quantitative variables was used.Resul: the 87,69% of the patients expressed clinical disease predominating in a 32,3% comunity origen. Associated comorbilities and inapropiate use of antimicrobials (100 %) resulted in risk factors.the frequented with a 22,8% otitis in the community and pneumonis in the hospital sphere.Pseudomona aeruginosa turned out to be th most frequent species.Imipenem an Meropenem showed the highest levels of resistance, panresistence affect in the community.Conclusions: The community origen of clinically expressed infectioms prevailed. Pseudomona aeriginosa cause number of infections with vital commitment in both infections contexts. The carbapenemic showed hight antimicrobial resistance. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 181-181 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025181 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a95 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Delia Rosa Díaz Rodríguez Author-Name-First: Delia Rosa Author-Name-Last: Díaz Rodríguez Author-Name: Yanelis Santiesteban Remon Author-Name-First: Yanelis Author-Name-Last: Santiesteban Remon Author-Name: Sergio Marquez Jaca Author-Name-First: Sergio Author-Name-Last: Marquez Jaca Author-Name: Amanda Milian Domínguez Author-Name-First: Amanda Author-Name-Last: Milian Domínguez Author-Name: Luis Guillermo Govín Gámez Author-Name-First: Luis Guillermo Author-Name-Last: Govín Gámez Author-Name: Carlos Enrique Piña Borrego Author-Name-First: Carlos Enrique Author-Name-Last: Piña Borrego Title: Biological factors of risk in those born under weight: index predictivo of the infantile mortality Abstract: Low birth weight is the most important predictive index of infant mortality and is an important public health problem. An investigation of cases and controls was carried out in women who gave birth to children with low birth weight, from the urban family doctor's offices belonging to the Camilo Cienfuegos Gorrieran health area of San Cristóbal, during the period 2020- 2022, with the objective of identifying the biological risk factors that were most frequently associated; 32 cases and 53 controls were studied from a universe of 521 live births. It was shown that maternal age up to 19 years and 35 years and older, insufficient weight gain during gestation, family history of prematurity, threat of preterm delivery and premature rupture of membranes, were risk factors present in the cases, and this coincides with what was reported by some authors in reviewed research. The identification of maternal factors associated with LBW will serve to strengthen promotion and prevention strategies aimed at the population at risk. Future population-based studies to extrapolate these results should be carried out in the rest of Artemisa province. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 182-182 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025182 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a96 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Moraima Álvarez Moreno Author-Name-First: Moraima Author-Name-Last: Álvarez Moreno Author-Name: Antonio Armando Lamelas Testa Author-Name-First: Antonio Armando Author-Name-Last: Lamelas Testa Author-Name: Anadely Gámez Pérez Author-Name-First: Anadely Author-Name-Last: Gámez Pérez Author-Name: Lázaro Silva Ramos Author-Name-First: Lázaro Author-Name-Last: Silva Ramos Author-Name: Eledys Márquez Blanco Author-Name-First: Eledys Author-Name-Last: Márquez Blanco Author-Name: Delia Rosa Díaz Rodríguez Author-Name-First: Delia Rosa Author-Name-Last: Díaz Rodríguez Author-Name: Catherine Milagros Fajardo Borges Author-Name-First: Catherine Milagros Author-Name-Last: Fajardo Borges Title: Ultrasonographic characterization in patients with Peyronie's disease Abstract: Introduction: Peyronie's disease is a connective tissue disorder that presents as indurations or plaques, which are painful in the early phase of its evolution, especially with erection. Objective: To describe the ultrasonographic characteristics of lasting plaques in patients diagnosed with Peyronie's disease. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out on patients treated at the Comandante Pinares General Teaching Hospital in the urology and Imaging services in the period between January 2015 and June 2022. The universe was 245 patients with Peyronie's disease, selected Using a probabilistic method, a sample of 159 was studied. The variables were studied: age, skin color, initial deviation of the penis, ultrasonographic findings, number of simple calcifications and calcified plaques. Descriptive statistics are used to process the information. Results: White patients between 50 and 59 years of age predominated. The average age was 52.2 ± 6.8 years. The plaque was located more frequently on the dorsal surface greater than 60%. Simple calcifications prevailed with 103 (64.8%) followed by calcified plaques with 56 (35.2%) According to size, large calcifications predominated with 85 patients for 82.5%. Regarding calcified plaques, the large ones obtained the highest value with 30 for 53.5%.Conclusions: Ultrasound was a useful technique to achieve the description of linear images with the appearance of fibrocalcifications in patients with Peyronie's disease. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 183-183 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025183 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a97 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ana Olivia Ramos Rodríguez Author-Name-First: Ana Olivia Author-Name-Last: Ramos Rodríguez Author-Name: Sailyn Vásquez Pérez Author-Name-First: Sailyn Author-Name-Last: Vásquez Pérez Author-Name: Sahirys González Piloto Author-Name-First: Sahirys Author-Name-Last: González Piloto Author-Name: Miladys Díaz Crespo Author-Name-First: Miladys Author-Name-Last: Díaz Crespo Author-Name: Belkis Verga Tirado Author-Name-First: Belkis Author-Name-Last: Verga Tirado Title: Nutritional Habits, Relationship to Other Variables in Older Adults at Family Doctor's Office No. 15 Abstract: Introduction: Achieving an adequate nutritional status in older adults is a primary goal in the socio-health care of this population. Objective: To determine the relationship between nutritional habits and lifestyle variables, and morbidity, in older adults from Doctor's Office number 15 from June 2020 to June 2023. Method: An analytical correlational study was conducted. The universe consisted of all elderly individuals (198), and a sample of 130 elderly individuals who met the inclusion criteria was selected using a simple random sampling method. The information used was collected through the application of a questionnaire. The data obtained were arranged to search for association between variables according to the objectives set. For data processing, the absolute and relative frequency were determined, and for the association between qualitative variables, the Chi-square test was determined. Results: There is a strong association between inadequate nutritional habits, obesity, and associated morbidity, with hypertension (HTA) being the most common. When the level of physical activity was inadequate, dietary practices were also inadequate. There was a relationship between toxic and nutritional habits, with a high prevalence of smokers. Conclusions: Inadequate nutrition is among the main causes of multimorbidity in the elderly. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 185-185 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025185 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a98 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luis Enrique Torres Rodríguez Author-Name-First: Luis Enrique Author-Name-Last: Torres Rodríguez Author-Name: Naivy Mara Torres Hernández Author-Name-First: Naivy Mara Author-Name-Last: Torres Hernández Author-Name: Yusimy Bravo González Author-Name-First: Yusimy Author-Name-Last: Bravo González Author-Name: Domingo Echevarría González Author-Name-First: Domingo Author-Name-Last: Echevarría González Author-Name: Alexei Pérez Hernández Author-Name-First: Alexei Author-Name-Last: Pérez Hernández Title: Characterization ok risk factor associated with oral cancer in Guane region. Pinar del Río. Cuba Abstract: Introduction: Head and neck cancer is a group of neoplasms that share a similar anatomical origin, most of which originate from the mucosa that covers the epithelium of the upper digestive airways. The term oral cancer includes: cancer of the lips, oral cavity, oropharynx and salivary glands. Methods: A descriptive, analytical and observational study was conducted. The study universe was made up of patients over 15 years of age from the 25th Medical officer of the “Manuel Piti Fajardo” Main Emergency Polyclinic, in Guane, Pinar del Río, Cuba; with the aim of screening the risk factors associated with the appearance of oral cancer. Results: Of 1038 individuals surveyed, the male sex was the most prevalent with 60.3%, 58 individuals were found with precancerous lesions. The age group over 60 years was the most affected by lesions in the oral cavity. Smoking was the risk factor with the highest incidence with 19.5% of those studied. Subprosthetic stomatitis was the most prevalent lesion with 3.7%; followed by leukoplakia. The hard palate was the most affected anatomical location with 7% of affected individuals. Conclusions: The predominant sex presenting lesions was male. The age group 60 years and older was the most affected by presenting lesions. Smoking was the most common risk factor. Subprosthetic stomatitis predominated as a lesion. The hard palate was anatomically the most affected region. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 187-187 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025187 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a99 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laura Caridad Ramos Carmona Author-Name-First: Laura Caridad Author-Name-Last: Ramos Carmona Author-Name: Kelmi La Rosa Ramírez Author-Name-First: Kelmi Author-Name-Last: La Rosa Ramírez Author-Name: Max Ramiro Ochoa Ortega Author-Name-First: Max Ramiro Author-Name-Last: Ochoa Ortega Author-Name: Diarelys Santiesteban González Author-Name-First: Diarelys Author-Name-Last: Santiesteban González Title: Characterization of nutritional status in critically ill patients using biochemical markers Abstract: Introduction: Malnutrition is a real problem in the care and evolution of critically ill patients. Objective: To characterize the nutritional status of critically ill patients using biochemical markers in an Intensive Care Unit of the León Cuervo Rubio Provincial Hospital in the Pinar del Río Province from August 2021 to August 2022. Method: An observational, analytical, cross-sectional study was carried out. The universe was made up of 40 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Ethical principles were followed. Results: The male sex and those over 55 years of age predominated. The predominant associated comorbidity was arterial hypertension followed by diabetes mellitus. The main outcome indicators of the affected complementary factors coincided with decompensated glycemia and low total proteins. Conclusions: In the management of nutritional status in critically ill patients, timely interventions aimed at improving work strategies are needed. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 188-188 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025188 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a100 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valentina Trovat-Ascanio Author-Name-First: Valentina Author-Name-Last: Trovat-Ascanio Author-Name: Loyda García Author-Name-First: Loyda Author-Name-Last: García Author-Name: Estela Hernández-Runque Author-Name-First: Estela Author-Name-Last: Hernández-Runque Author-Name: Misael Ron Author-Name-First: Misael Author-Name-Last: Ron Author-Name: César Vargas-Trovat Author-Name-First: César Author-Name-Last: Vargas-Trovat Author-Name: Gladys Jiménez Author-Name-First: Gladys Author-Name-Last: Jiménez Title: Mapping Scientific Production on Physical Disability, Health, Work, and Human Dignity: A Bibliometric Analysis (1924–2024) Abstract: Introduction: Physical disability is a complex social issue that intertwines with health, job inclusion, and the essence of human dignity. Even though it’s a topic of global importance, research in this field is quite uneven, particularly in Latin America. Methods: This study performed a descriptive bibliometric analysis of 25,339 documents listed in the Scopus database from 1924 to 2024. We used Boolean operators (AND, OR) to effectively combine the terms physical disability, health, work, and human dignity, ensuring we stayed on point thematically. We looked at indicators like the number of publications, citation rates, collaboration patterns, and types of documents. Results: Our findings show a steady increase in scientific output from 1990 to 2023, but there was a notable 40.4% drop in 2024, likely due to systemic delays or under-indexing. Most of the publications come from high-income countries, and international collaborations tend to have the highest citation impact (4.04 citations per document). Original articles make up the bulk (77%), and while the focus is predominantly biomedical, we’re starting to see more interdisciplinary contributions from social sciences, psychology, and environmental sciences. Commonly used keywords include “work disability,” “mental health,” and “return to work,” highlighting the field’s emphasis on psychosocial and occupational reintegration. Conclusions: While research on physical disability, work, and health is well-established, it clearly shows regional and thematic gaps. Moving forward, we should encourage inclusive, cross-sectoral collaboration and boost participation from underrepresented areas. It’s crucial to integrate human dignity as a core analytical focus to steer academic discussions toward equity, justice, and effective job inclusion for individuals with physical disabilities. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 190-190 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025190 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a101 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yangel Fuentes Milián Author-Name-First: Yangel Author-Name-Last: Fuentes Milián Author-Name: Nathaly Moreno Betancourt Author-Name-First: Nathaly Author-Name-Last: Moreno Betancourt Author-Name: Darian Ortega Martínez Author-Name-First: Darian Author-Name-Last: Ortega Martínez Author-Name: Maidelis Crusa Lorenzo Author-Name-First: Maidelis Author-Name-Last: Crusa Lorenzo Author-Name: Yuslenis Sánchez Horta Author-Name-First: Yuslenis Author-Name-Last: Sánchez Horta Author-Name: Félix Eduardo Lugo López Author-Name-First: Félix Eduardo Author-Name-Last: Lugo López Author-Name: Loreile González Mazon Author-Name-First: Loreile Author-Name-Last: González Mazon Title: Hemodynamic monitoring protocol using ultrasound in patients with acute renal failure Abstract: Introduction: in patients with acute renal failure, hemodynamic monitoring is essential. In this regard, ultrasound techniques are highly useful due to their safety and informational value, enabling timely diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. Objectives: develop a protocol for hemodynamic monitoring by ultrasound in patients with acute renal failure. Methods: a descriptive technological development research project was conducted. Theoretical, empirical, and statistical methods were used. It was developed in three phases: 1) theoretical argumentation phase, 2) protocol development phase, and 3) protocol evaluation phase. The research was conducted in accordance with the principles of medical ethics and was approved by an institutional Scientific Council. Results: a structured protocol was developed in the diagnostic sequence: lung ultrasound (LUS), assessment of systemic congestion (VExUS) and echocardiography (FoCUS). Conclusions: the protocolized use of ultrasound for hemodynamic monitoring is a noninvasive and valuable tool in the evaluation and management of acute renal failure, providing critical information on the anatomy and function of the kidneys and other related organs, allowing for better treatment guidance for this condition. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 191-191 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025191 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a102 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leonardo De Souza Ferreira Frasson Author-Name-First: Leonardo De Souza Author-Name-Last: Ferreira Frasson Author-Name: Daniel Chiachiara Author-Name-First: Daniel Author-Name-Last: Chiachiara Title: Evaluation of CSF Physicochemical Analysis in The Diagnosis of CNS Infections in Post-Surgical Patients Abstract: Introduction: Central nervous system (CNS) infections in post-surgical patients represent a serious complication with high morbidity and mortality. The physicochemical analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a key diagnostic tool that allows for the evaluation of parameters such as glucose, proteins, and lactate to detect infections. With the development of molecular techniques, such as PCR, the accuracy in pathogen detection has improved. However, there are still questions regarding the reliability of traditional methods compared to these advanced techniques, especially in patients who have received prior antibiotic treatment. Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the reliability of the physicochemical analysis of CSF as a diagnostic tool for CNS infections in post-surgical patients and to compare it with alternative methods such as PCR, bacterial cultures, and biological markers. The study aims to determine the sensitivity and specificity of each method to improve diagnostic accuracy in this clinical context. Material and Methods: This study is a systematic literature review that includes studies evaluating the physicochemical analysis of CSF, PCR, and bacterial cultures in post-surgical patients with suspected CNS infection. Scientific databases were used, applying specific inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure the relevance and quality of the selected studies. Results: The results suggest that although the physicochemical analysis of CSF is useful as an initial tool, it has limitations in terms of sensitivity and specificity in patients who have received antibiotic treatment, with sensitivity ranging between 60% and 70%. In contrast, multiplex PCR offers superior sensitivity and specificity, reaching 92% and 98%, respectively. The combination of methods, including the use of biomarkers such as procalcitonin, improves diagnostic accuracy by 30% compared to traditional physicochemical analysis. Conclusion: The physicochemical analysis of CSF remains useful as an initial test, but its effectiveness is limited in post-surgical patients who have received antibiotic treatment. Combining this analysis with molecular techniques and biomarkers significantly enhances the accuracy and speed of diagnosis, thereby supporting a comprehensive diagnostic approach that optimizes the clinical management of CNS infections in the post-surgical context. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 225-225 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025225 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a103 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ruth Tirsa Castillo Benites Author-Name-First: Ruth Tirsa Author-Name-Last: Castillo Benites Author-Name: Ofelia Casas Author-Name-First: Ofelia Author-Name-Last: Casas Author-Name: Marcela Antonia Reynoso Author-Name-First: Marcela Antonia Author-Name-Last: Reynoso Author-Name: Andrés García Author-Name-First: Andrés Author-Name-Last: García Title: Use of colostrum as an innovative therapy in Neonatal Intensive Care Units Abstract: Colostrum is part of the lactomaterno component, it is a right of the human being and its benefits are widely known, but; it is not equally applied in the different NICU services of the city and the need to be implemented in a rigorous and standardized manner is urgent. For this reason, this research set out to investigate the situation of the use of colostrum in the city of Rosario, specifically; the level of compliance with colostrum therapy as a treatment and the obstacles they hinder. To achieve this, a research was carried out with a quantitative, descriptive, bivariate, comparative approach of the Observational and cross-sectional type. The design was descriptive, multicenter, where variables were proposed to be measured, such as: a) Level of compliance with the use of colostrum. (b) Obstacles to implementation; Nurses in the NICU who for some reason did not wish to participate in the study and those who are not working in service, for example, due to illness, were excluded from the study. In the first measurement, a written survey was applied to a total of 45 members of the nursing team from the different NICUs of the city of Rosario in both public and private institutions. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 226-226 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025226 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a104 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aline de Moura Fernandes Author-Name-First: Aline de Moura Author-Name-Last: Fernandes Author-Name: Adolfo Savia Author-Name-First: Adolfo Author-Name-Last: Savia Title: Impact of Aspirin versus Clopidogrel Treatment on the Prevention of Recurrent Events in Patients with Ischemic Stroke Abstract: Background: Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Secondary prevention is essential to reduce the recurrence of events. This study compares the efficacy and safety of aspirin versus clopidogrel in preventing recurrent events in patients with ischemic stroke. Materials and Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials published between 2004 and 2024 was conducted. Studies comparing aspirin and clopidogrel in adult patients with ischemic stroke were included. Results: Eleven studies involving 77,216 patients were analyzed. Clopidogrel significantly reduced the recurrence of stroke compared to aspirin (RR 0.86; 95% CI, 0.75–0.98). No significant differences were found in the rate of serious adverse events between the two treatments. Conclusion: Clopidogrel, as monotherapy, proves to be more effective than aspirin in preventing recurrent events in patients with ischemic stroke, without a significant increase in severe adverse events. However, dual therapy may offer additional benefits for some patients, albeit at the cost of an increased risk of bleeding. These findings suggest that clopidogrel is a preferred option for secondary prevention, with careful assessment of the risk-benefit profile in specific cases. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 209-209 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025209 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a105 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Caren Cristinne Nogueira Mariano Author-Name-First: Caren Cristinne Author-Name-Last: Nogueira Mariano Author-Name: Roberto Rosler Author-Name-First: Roberto Author-Name-Last: Rosler Title: Non-Pharmacological Interventions to Improve Sleep Quality: Research Protocol Abstract: Background: Sleep quality is a key factor for overall health and well-being. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as sleep hygiene and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), have shown promise in improving sleep quality without the side effects associated with pharmacological treatments. However, there is a need for a detailed systematic review of the evidence regarding the effectiveness of these interventions and the methods used to assess sleep quality. Material and methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Studies were retrieved from PubMed and Cochrane databases, focusing on randomized controlled trials published in the last 20 years. The included studies evaluated sleep hygiene protocols and used standardized methods to assess sleep quality, such as the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Results: The findings indicate that non-pharmacological interventions, particularly CBT and sleep hygiene, lead to significant improvements in sleep quality compared to control groups. The reviewed studies reported better PSQI scores and a reduction in daytime sleepiness levels. Conclusion: This systematic review concludes that non-pharmacological interventions are effective in improving sleep quality, with CBT being one of the most recommended due to its sustained effects over time and the absence of serious side effects. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 211-211 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025211 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a106 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mariano Guillermo Bonanno Author-Name-First: Mariano Guillermo Author-Name-Last: Bonanno Title: Multiresistant tuberculosis: when should multi-resistant tuberculosis be suspected in children and adolescents? Abstract: Background: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis mainly affects the respiratory system but can spread to other organs. Its resistance arises from inappropriate use of antibiotics, complicating treatment. Its control depends on rapid diagnoses and solid health programs, especially in young people, where conditions such as HIV worsen the prognosis. Material and methods: A systematic review of bibliography published in scientific journals was carried out with the aim of compiling all the evidence available to date in order to answer the question posed. When to suspect MR TB in children and adolescents? Results: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in children presents significant diagnostic and clinical challenges. The studies reviewed highlight risk factors such as history of treatment and contact with resistant TB. Tools such as GeneXpert and MTBDRplus facilitate rapid diagnosis, and preventive therapy with isoniazid could reduce progression to active TB in close contacts. Conclusion: Taken together, the findings underscore the importance of combining advanced diagnostic methods, a comprehensive assessment of the epidemiological context, and additional support strategies to address the challenges of MDR-TB in children and adolescents. This combination of approaches can guide clinical decision making and strengthen capacity to effectively identify and treat youth at risk for MDR-TB. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 210-210 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025210 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a107 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D'arcy Walter Palacios Baldoceda Author-Name-First: D'arcy Walter Author-Name-Last: Palacios Baldoceda Title: Evidence of the usefulness of clinical simulation in building the profesionalcompetencies of medical students Abstract: Background: Clinical simulation is a key tool for balancing the development of medical skills and patient safety. Following reports from the institute of medicine highlighting the need to prevent medical errors In the United States, an initiative that extended to global healthcare, simulation was implemented as a tool in medical training to bridge the theory - practice gap. The UAI reaffirmed this commitment to clinical simulation training, despite challenges in its implementation, to strengthen education and ensure the competence of future healthcare professionals. The aim of this study is to obtain feedback from UAI students who have received clinical simulation classes. Material and methods: (Complete here). Results: (Complete here). Conclusion: (Complete here). (Utilizar texto justificado). Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 213-213 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025213 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a108 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Emanuel Zenon Aviza Joaquín Author-Name-First: Emanuel Zenon Author-Name-Last: Aviza Joaquín Author-Name: Daniel Nestor Chiacchiara Author-Name-First: Daniel Nestor Author-Name-Last: Chiacchiara Title: Systematic review: Microbiota And Chronic Inflammatory Diseases In Young Adults Abstract: Introduction: The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in human health, influencing digestion, vitamin synthesis, and immune regulation. Dysbiosis, or microbiota imbalance, is linked to chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs), such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Factors including genetics, environmental influences, and high-fat Western diets contribute to the prevalence of these conditions, particularly among young adults (18–35 years) in Argentina. Objectives: This study aims to examine the relationship between gut microbiota and CIDs in young adults in Argentina. It seeks to identify risk factors and dysbiosis patterns by: ●Characterizing microbial composition, ●Identifying dietary and environmental influences, ●Correlating dysbiosis with inflammation and symptom severity, and ●Proposing therapeutic interventions. Materials and Methods: This systematic review follows the PRISMA methodology. ●Population: Young adults with CIDs reported in studies from 2015 to 2024. ●Variables: Microbiota composition, inflammatory markers, dietary and environmental factors, and probiotic use. ●Analysis: Data will be extracted and visualized through graphs and tables, with an assessment of the quality of selected studies. Results: The study aims to identify dysbiosis patterns and their association with environmental factors. It will also evaluate the effectiveness of probiotic interventions in improving symptoms and enhancing the quality of life for CID patients. Conclusions: This research underscores the significance of gut microbiota as both a diagnostic and therapeutic tool. It aims to propose personalized strategies that could be incorporated into public health policies to mitigate the impact of CIDs. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 215-215 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025215 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a109 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eduardo Dizioli Perez Author-Name-First: Eduardo Author-Name-Last: Dizioli Perez Title: Impact of competitive sport on QT interval prolongation Abstract: Background: Regular and sustained physical activity is beneficial for the cardiovascular system. However, sudden cardiac death (SCD) events occasionally occur during physical activity in young and apparently healthy individuals, associated with long QT syndrome (LQTS). The aim of this study is to clarify and characterize SCD among those who practice physical activity as a consequence of LQTS in those involved in physical activity and to determine the possibilities for screening, in order to collaborate with future prevention measures. Material and methods: A systematic review of the Pubmed database was carried out using articles published between 2006 and 2024, in Spanish, English and Portuguese, classified as books and papers, clinical studies, randomized controlled trials, controlled clinical trials, meta-analyses and systematic reviews. For the writing of the final text, only those studies aligned with the objectives established in this research were selected. Results: High-performance athletes can be affected by channelopathies induced by the cardiac remodeling required by the activity. However, studies show that the ability of cardiologists and specialists to analyze and interpret electrocardiograms (ECGs) remains less than ideal. The correct medical approach to sports continuity and performance remains a challenge for the scientific medical community, which adopts restrictive recommendations for athletes diagnosed with any cardiovascular abnormality. Conclusion: LQTS includes various disorders, ranging from genetic mutations to pharmacological interactions and electrolyte imbalances, which are sometimes difficult to diagnose. Due to the risk of malignant arrhythmias and sudden death, early detection and appropriate treatment are essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, it is crucial for the cardiologist to interpret the characteristic electrocardiographic signs of this syndrome. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 214-214 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025214 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a110 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Louise Amoedo Do Amor Divino Author-Name-First: Louise Amoedo Author-Name-Last: Do Amor Divino Author-Name: Adolfo Savia Author-Name-First: Adolfo Author-Name-Last: Savia Title: Calcium Role In The Treatment Of Hemorrhagic Shock Abstract: Hemorrhagic Shock is a type of Hypovolemic Shock caused by large blood loss, making tissue perfusion difficult. Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) emphasizes the need for a systematic and organized approach to the management of hemorrhagic shock, prioritizing rapid control of hemorrhage and restoration of adequate tissue perfusion through aggressive and timely resuscitation. Due to its effects on coagulation, cardiac function and nerve conduction, in recent years there has been a need to monitor and eventually administer calcium supplements to patients with Hemorrhagic Shock as part of a package of measures to improve hemostasis. Citrate used as an anticoagulant in blood products during massive transfusions can result in the reduction of ionized calcium, with negative results on hemostasis as well as other physiological processes in which calcium is central. To improve clinical results in these patients, proactive monitoring and correction of calcium levels, a situation that occurs more and more frequently and is evident in a number of recent publications on the matter. Objective: To deepen the understanding of how calcium regulation can influence the clinical evolution and therapeutic management of patients with hemorrhagic shock, based on available scientific publications. Material and Methods: To collect data, a search was carried out in digital databases such as PUBMED, SCIELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online). The articles were downloaded from these platforms and the Vancouver system was used to manage appropriate citations and references. The study is based on latest literature that highlights the importance of monitoring calcium levels and its adequate replacement to prevent complications associated with hypocalcemia during the treatment of hemorrhagic shock, in order to ament clinical outcomes. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 208-208 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025208 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a111 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Francy Ellen De Lima Author-Name-First: Francy Ellen Author-Name-Last: De Lima Author-Name: Gerardo Erico Laube Author-Name-First: Gerardo Erico Author-Name-Last: Laube Title: Clostridioides difficile: relationship with previous use of antibiotics, risk factors and preventive measures to reduce transmission Abstract: Background: Clostridioides difficile infection has emerged in recent years as one of the main hospital-acquired infections. This enteric pathogen is responsible for causing diarrhea related to prior antibiotic use in many healthcare settings, particularly hospitals, nursing homes, and rehabilitation clinics. This study aims to demonstrate the relationship between previous antibiotic use and Clostridioides difficile infection and determine the main risk factors and antibiotics associated with the infection, as well as the potential benefit of prevention strategies. Material and methods: A bibliographic search was carried out analyzing the database platforms of PubMed, Medline, Lilacs, Scielo and Cochrane during the period from May to September 2024. Articles were selected with a focus on risk factors, preventive measures and antibiotics related to the appearance of Clostridioides difficile infection. Results: Although any antibiotic is a potential risk factor for the development of CDI, the medications most commonly associated with the onset of the infection are Clindamycin, 2nd and 3rd generation Cephalosporins, Fluoroquinolones, Penicillins and Carbapenems. Conclusion: It is extremely important to know the risk factors and the main antibiotics associated with CDI so that when a certain type of antibiotic is indicated for relatively serious processes, extreme preventive measures are initiated, prior to the possibility that this individual that triggers it does not be the origin of an in-hospital outbreak. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 220-220 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025220 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a112 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Florencia Magalí Ferrari Author-Name-First: Florencia Magalí Author-Name-Last: Ferrari Author-Name: Roberto Rosler Author-Name-First: Roberto Author-Name-Last: Rosler Title: Impact of self-medication on chronic daily headache Abstract: Introduction: Chronic daily headache is a frequent condition in the general population. A high percentage of patients have an abusive consumption of analgesics that makes the headache worse and may also carry the risk of multiple pathologies produced by these drugs. It is defined as the presence of headache continuously or almost continuously for at least 15 days a month, for a period of at least three months. Material and methods: This work was carried out through a detailed search of medical articles and clinical trials published between 2010 and 2023. Results: The precise pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to the development of headache due to analgesic abuse are largely unknown, however, multiple factors may be involved, including genetic predisposition, sensitization within the trigeminal system, abnormal processing of cortical pain and decreased anti-nociceptive activity of the supraspinal structures. Conclusion: NSAIDs are the first step in the pharmacological treatment of headaches and chronic use of these drugs can cause a paradoxical worsening of the headache and the development of analgesic-induced headache, which is currently the most prevalent secondary headache worldwide. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 218-218 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025218 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a113 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gabriela Fernandes Ferreira Author-Name-First: Gabriela Author-Name-Last: Fernandes Ferreira Author-Name: Carlos Juan Vidal Author-Name-First: Carlos Juan Author-Name-Last: Vidal Title: Phototherapy as a treatment for hyperbilirubinemia: the influence of newborn's weight and feeding on treatment effectiveness Abstract: Introduction: Prone ventilation has been shown to improve oxygenation and lung mechanics in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, but I consider it necessary to delve deeper into the relationship between the prone position and mortality. Objectives: To evaluate whether the prone position decreases the risk of mortality in adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome vs. supine ventilation, in a global and segmented manner, as well as to know the main adverse effects related to it. Material and methods: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials comparing patients in the prone vs. supine position was performed with a search in Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library and LILACS, and mortality, hospital stay, days of mechanical ventilation and adverse effects were evaluated. Results: Seven randomized controlled clinical trials were included in the analysis. The prone position showed a non-significant tendency to decrease mortality when analyzed globally. When stratified by subgroups, a significant decrease in the risk of mortality was found in patients: 1) ventilated with low tidal volume, 2) prolonged prone position, and 3) established before 48 hours of disease progression in severe hypoxemia. The adverse effects related to prone position were the development of pressure ulcers and orotracheal tube obstruction. Conclusion: Prone position ventilation is a safe strategy and reduces mortality in patients with severe oxygenation impairment. It should be established early, for prolonged periods, and associated with a protective ventilation strategy. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 221-221 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025221 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a114 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giulia Athayde Bonafé Author-Name-First: Giulia Athayde Author-Name-Last: Bonafé Title: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) as an-HIV prevention strategy and its effects on rates of other STIs: a literature review Abstract: Background: This study evaluates the effectiveness of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in preventing HIV and its impact on sexually transmitted infection (STI) rates. While PrEP has been highly effective in reducing HIV transmission, its association con increased STI rates has generated debate in the scientific community. Material and methods: A systematic literature review was conducted, drawing from databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, using MeSH-adapted keywords. A total of 28 studies met the inclusion criteria, con a qualitative analysis conducted to identify patterns in the findings. Results: PrEP has proven effective in preventing HIV in high-risk populations, such as men who have sex con men (MSM) and transgender individuals. However, some studies report an increase in STIs due to a decrease in condom use among PrEP users. Conclusion: PrEP is a crucial tool for HIV prevention, but its use should be accompanied by educational strategies to reduce STI risk. This analysis highlights the need for a comprehensive approach to sexual health prevention. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 222-222 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025222 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a115 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leila Vanela López Author-Name-First: Leila Vanela Author-Name-Last: López Author-Name: Jorge Eduardo Larcamon Author-Name-First: Jorge Eduardo Author-Name-Last: Larcamon Title: Determinants of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in children under five years of agein Argentina Abstract: Introduction: hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), associated with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), is a leading cause of acute renal failure in children under five years of age. In Argentina, its high incidence reflects challenges in access to drinking water, food hygiene and health education. Objective: to evaluate the determinants of the incidence of HUS in Argentine children, focusing on hygiene practices, food consumption, access to water and knowledge of caregivers. Method: observational and descriptive study with three phases: literature review, survey to 33 parents of children <5 years old (food habits, hygiene, knowledge of HUS) and comparative analysis with data from the National Epidemiological Bulletin. Results: 90,9 % of respondents resided in urban areas, with access to treated water (81,8 %) and high hygiene practices (84,8 % hand washing). However, risks persist: 48,5 % consume unpasteurized products, 33,3 % do not use separate cutting boards and 30,3 % do not know about HUS. The Bulletin highlights higher incidence in rural areas with poor infrastructure and in hot seasons. Cross-contamination and food handling in restaurants were factors highlighted. Conclusions: the incidence of HUS in Argentina is linked to gaps in the rigorous implementation of hygiene practices, unequal access to drinking water and lack of knowledge about prevention. Educational campaigns, improvement of sanitary infrastructure and food controls are recommended, especially in vulnerable areas and during periods of higher risk. The integration of public policies and community education could reduce the burden of the disease in the child population. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 224-224 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025224 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a116 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Indira Régia Farias Westrepp Author-Name-First: Indira Régia Author-Name-Last: Farias Westrepp Author-Name: Miguel Ángeles Huesped Author-Name-First: Miguel Ángeles Author-Name-Last: Huesped Title: Pathological puerperium: challenges and complications of the postpartum period Abstract: With the aim of providing you with more information about the challenges and complications of the postpartum period, which lead to physiological, pathological and emotional alterations, and can even lead to disability or even death of the patient, this thesis aims to present the main causes and complications of the pathological puerperium, caused by: postpartum hemorrhages, infections, changes in the breasts. Furthermore, it is important to highlight the correlation of period- related thromboembolic diseases, as well as the psychiatric disorders faced by these women. In this way, doing a bibliographic review, with the collection of data, a search was carried out in the online databases: PubMed, sciELO, SCIENSE, published and updated literatures that reflect the importance of knowledge on the understanding of the challenges and consequences in postpartum women, as well as the best form of prevention and effective treatment. Furthermore, show that the main way to attempt to reduce complications of the pathological puerperium is by providing adequate prenatal control during pregnancy, with specialized medical care before, during and postpartum. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 223-223 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025223 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a117 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Arif Hasanov Author-Name-First: Arif Author-Name-Last: Hasanov Author-Name: Vugar Abdullayev Author-Name-First: Vugar Author-Name-Last: Abdullayev Title: Understanding the working mechanism of neural networks Abstract: Neural networks are a foundational component of artificial intelligence and machine learning. This article explores the structure and functioning of neural networks, focusing on core concepts such as weight loss functions, activation functions, and backpropagation with gradient descent. The discussion includes an overview of the complete process of how neural networks operate, with detailed mathematical formulations, equations, and diagrams to aid comprehension. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 227-227 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025227 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a118 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maryanni K. Gutiérrez P Author-Name-First: Maryanni K. Author-Name-Last: Gutiérrez P Author-Name: María del Carmen Martínez Author-Name-First: María del Carmen Author-Name-Last: Martínez Author-Name: Misael Ron Author-Name-First: Misael Author-Name-Last: Ron Title: Covid-19: Telework, symptomatology and visual alterations. Agrofood company. Venezuela. 2021-2023 Abstract: During the COVID-19 pandemic, teleworking was implemented as an organizational strategy without evaluating the conditions of home work, causing effects on visual health and increasing consultation in the ophthalmological area. Objective: To determine the working conditions, ocular symptoms and visual alterations in teleworkers of agri-food companies. Methodology: descriptive cross-sectional field research. 23 workers participated. Instruments and technique: Review of morbidity records and occupational medical history; visual acuity survey and assessment; Technical Guide for the Assessment and Prevention of Risks Associated with the Use of Display Screen Equipment; Annex III of the Specific Health Surveillance Protocol for workers with data display screens (PVD), CVSS Questionnaire17. Results: 52% were female, mean age ±40.7, work seniority ±6.26 years; 100% of workers telework between 6-8 hours a day. They perceived aspects of the seat, screen, keyboard, computer/worker interconnection, glare-reflections, presence of noise and heat as risk factors. Level of ocular symptomatology: moderate (91%). Refractive problems: Myopia (67%) and Astigmatism (55%). 22% required the indication of corrective lenses and 38.8% presented an increase in diopters after the start of teleworking. Conclusion: The conditions of home work were perceived to be inadequate due to the presence of disergonomic and physical risk factors, as well as long working hours, which generated eye discomfort and increased ocular refraction lesions. Recommendation: reduce teleworking hours, raise awareness about safe working conditions at home and visual epidemiological surveillance. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 228-228 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025228 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a119 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lucas de Castro Reuter Author-Name-First: Lucas de Author-Name-Last: Castro Reuter Author-Name: José Posturivo Author-Name-First: José Author-Name-Last: Posturivo Title: Relationship between insulin resistance and polycystic ovary syndrome: a literature review Abstract: Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age, and insulin resistance is a key feature of its pathophysiology. This study aims to review the relationship between insulin resistance and PCOS, as well as to analyze the efficacy of insulin-sensitizing treatments (such as metformin and myo-inositol) compared to conventional hormonal therapies. Material and methods: A systematic review of clinical studies, meta-analyses, and reviews published in scientific databases such as PubMed and Scopus was conducted, focusing on the relationship between insulin resistance and PCOS, and the effects of insulin-sensitizing treatments. Only relevant, high-quality literature from recent years was included. Results: Insulin-sensitizing treatments, especially metformin and myo-inositol, have been shown to be effective in improving insulin resistance and reducing metabolic symptoms of PCOS. However, oral contraceptives, while useful for hormonal symptoms, do not have a significant impact on insulin resistance. Conclusion: Insulin-sensitizing agents remain the most effective treatment for insulin resistance in women with PCOS. Myo-inositol offers an alternative with fewer side effects compared to metformin, but more research is needed to define optimal combinations and dosages. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 192-192 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025192 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a120 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lucas De Nicola Do Nascimento Author-Name-First: Lucas De Nicola Author-Name-Last: Do Nascimento Author-Name: Fernando Lipovestky Author-Name-First: Fernando Author-Name-Last: Lipovestky Title: Impact of early administration of antibiotics in patients with sepsis and its prognoses Abstract: Sepsis is a very complex medical condition resulting from a dysregulated inflammatory response of the host to an infectious condition, which can lead to organ dysfunction and, in the most critical cases, death. Early administration of antibiotics is crucial to improve clinical outcomes in patients with sepsis. This study aims to evaluate the impact of early administration on clinical outcomes in patients with sepsis. The objective is to evaluate the impact of early administration of antibiotics on clinical outcomes in patients with sepsis, including mortality, length of hospital stay, and complications. Materials and Methods: Data collection was performed through a search in online database such as: Pubmed, SCIELO, Google Scholar among others. The research will be composed of published and updated literatures showing the importance of early administration of antibiotics for the treatment of sepsis. Results: The review of studies suggests a strong association between delays in antibiotic administration and increased in-hospital mortality in patients with sepsis. In the first study, it was observed that even administration within six hours showed an increasing risk of mortality with each hour of delay, this risk being particularly high in cases of septic shock. The second study confirmed this trend, with a median time to antibiotic administration of 2.1 hours. Mortality increased in proportion to the length of delay, with higher mortality rates in patients with septic shock compared to those with moderate sepsis. Each additional hour was associated with a marked increase in complications, highlighting the importance of immediate interventions to improve prognosis and reduce associated mortality. Conclusion: In summary, the studies reviewed show that early administration of antibiotics is a key factor in improving clinical outcomes in sepsis, especially in severe cases. The establishment of clinical practices and guidelines that prioritize rapid intervention in patients with sepsis could contribute significantly to reducing mortality and complications associated with sepsis, that is, training health care personnel to identify probable cases of sepsis and septic shock in order to act quickly in the administration of antibiotics. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 193-193 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025193 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a121 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lucía Daniela Medeot Villegas Author-Name-First: Lucía Daniela Author-Name-Last: Medeot Villegas Author-Name: Romina Leardi Author-Name-First: Romina Author-Name-Last: Leardi Title: Between stigma and access: obstacles to HIV testing Abstract: The text addressed the late diagnosis of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) as a persistent problem at a global level, despite scientific advances in its treatment. It analysed how various psychosocial and structural factors influenced the low demand for testing, such as low risk perception, social stigma, mistrust of the health system, limited access to services and lack of adequate information. It was explained that these barriers not only affected individual health, but also compromised the prevention and control of the epidemic. Finally, it was proposed that the HIV test be integrated into routine medical check-ups as a strategy to reduce stigmatisation and improve access to timely diagnosis. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 194-194 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025194 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a122 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lucía Daniela Medeot Villegas Author-Name-First: Lucía Daniela Author-Name-Last: Medeot Villegas Author-Name: Romina Leardi Author-Name-First: Romina Author-Name-Last: Leardi Title: The cuckoo of serologies: the HIV test Why do people avoid getting tested for HIV? Abstract: Background: so many people don’t know they might have HIV, they avoid the possibility of having a diagnosis right in time, maybe because they don’t realize they got exposed to the virus or just chose to ignore the chance of having it. Even though science advances faster as we get older, and laboratories present more possibilities of treatment, people still avoid certain healthcare methods such as Elisa’s test for HIV. In this article we do a revision of the most common universal barriers that complicate people to get tested for HIV. Material and methods: SCIelo, pubmed, google academic. Bibliographic revision type. Results: From the research conducted in very few countries, we have found that social stigma continues to prevail and prevents those at risk of testing positive for HIV from getting tested. Negative experiences and fear of a healthcare system that is not compassionate towards those who have it contribute to this. Conclusion: The social stigma remains just as strong as when HIV was first publicized without a clear understanding of how the disease evolved. Now, with so much knowledge from the healthcare system, ignorance and fear of learning about HIV, its diagnosis, and the possibility of treatment continue to prevail. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 195-195 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025195 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a123 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luciano Josué Loyola Bolognesi Author-Name-First: Luciano Josué Author-Name-Last: Loyola Bolognesi Author-Name: Marcelo Adrián Estrin Author-Name-First: Marcelo Author-Name-Last: Adrián Estrin Title: Impact of diclofenac use on the incidence and severity of ischemic colitis: A systematic rewiew Abstract: Introduction: Ischemic colitis is inflammation of the colon caused by decreased blood flow, being the most frequent form of intestinal ischemia. Symptoms can be mild to severe complications such as intestinal perforation. Diclofenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), which is commonly used, has been associated with various gastrointestinal complications. Currently, several studies have suggested a possible relationship between diclofenac use and ischemic colitis. Objective: To evaluate the impact of diclofenac use on the incidence and severity of ischemic colitis through a systematic review of the available scientific literature. Materials and Methods: An exhaustive search of databases such as Pudmed and Scielo was performed to identify relevant studies that analyzed the relationship between diclofenac use and ischemic colitis, using the following terms: “Colitis”; “Ischemia”; “Diclofenac”; “Colon”; “Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non- Steroidal”. Observational studies, clinical trials and case reports were included. Data were extracted and analyzed to assess the incidence and severity of ischemic colitis in patients treated with diclofenac. Results: The articles reviewed indicate a significant relationship between the use of diclofenac and the appearance of ischemic colitis. Bielsa Martín et al. (2006) presented specific cases of acute colitis induced by diclofenac. Gleeson and Davis (2003), together with Sierra Gabarda et al. (2022) found a correlation between the use of NSAIDs and the recent diagnosis of ischemic colitis. The proposed mechanisms involve inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, which affects intestinal mucosal integrity and blood perfusion Conclusion: This systematic review emphasizes the significant impact of diclofenac on the incidence and severity of ischemic colitis. It is recommended that clinicians cautiously evaluate the need to prescribe diclofenac, considering therapeutic alternatives with less risk and monitoring those patients with risk factors. In addition, further research is needed to confirm a conclusive causal relationship and to develop preventive and therapeutic strategies to help reduce the risks associated with diclofenac use. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 196-196 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025196 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a124 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mabel Escurra Giménez Author-Name-First: Mabel Author-Name-Last: Escurra Giménez Author-Name: José Vicente Postorivo Nauman Author-Name-First: José Vicente Author-Name-Last: Postorivo Nauman Title: Evaluation of Variables Associated with the Prevalence of Cesarean Sections: A Study at Evita Pueblo Hospital Abstract: Introduction: Caesarean sections are surgical procedures in obstetrics that can save the lives of mothers and newborns in medically indicated cases. However, they are very frequently performed without medical justification, putting the health of women and their babies at risk. The international community has established that the ideal rate of caesarean sections should be between 10% and 15% of the population. (1) The caesarean section rate in Argentina averaged 34.7% according to the Perinatal Information System in 2017, with an increase of 23% from 2010 to 2017. (2) Materials and methods: A retrospective study was carried out based on a review of clinical cases of caesarean sections performed over a period of six months in the obstetrics and gynaecology department of the Evita Pueblo hospital. Data was collected from clinical records and comparative variables were analysed. Data analysis included descriptive and analytical statistical methods. Results: During the study, a caesarean section rate of 43.5% was observed out of a total of 802 deliveries, with a higher prevalence in women aged 20 to 35 and in those in a stable relationship. The majority of newborns weighed between 2500 and 4000 grams, and 90% of the caesarean sections were performed on pregnancies of more than 37 weeks. Conclusion: The findings suggest a high caesarean section rate compared to international standards, highlighting the influence of demographic and obstetric factors in the choice of this type of delivery. Further research is needed on the subject, as there is little information in similar contexts, and institutional practices should be evaluated to optimize the use of this intervention. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 197-197 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025197 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a125 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maicon Otávio Ramos Brandi Author-Name-First: Maicon Otávio Author-Name-Last: Ramos Brandi Author-Name: José Luis D’Addino Author-Name-First: José Author-Name-Last: Luis D’Addino Author-Name: Ana Veira Author-Name-First: Ana Author-Name-Last: Veira Title: Comparative evaluation between conventional and laparoscopic hernioplasty, it’s indications and complications Abstract: Background: Hernia is one of the most prevalent wall pathologies, and its resolution can be achieved through conventional or laparoscopic methods. This study provides information on inguinal hernias and their various presentations according to etiology. Additionally, it addresses different causes related to age, comorbidities, and prior surgeries. The methods of resolution through open hernioplasty and laparoscopic techniques were analyzed, and the postoperative complications of the patients involved in the study were also considered. Material and methods: This systematic review utilized search engines such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scielo to find clinical trials and randomized studies, identifying statistical analyses on the use of both surgical techniques. Results: This study compared the outcomes of inguinal hernia repair using laparoscopic and open techniques in 204 patients (96.6% male, 3.4% female), with an average age of 53.5 years. The duration of the procedure, postoperative complications, hospital stay, and recovery time were analyzed. Laparoscopic surgery had a longer operative time compared to the open technique, but showed benefits such as shorter recovery time (7 days versus 14.5 days, P < 0.001), less postoperative pain, and a shorter hospital stay. Complications, such as seromas and chronic pain, were more frequent in open surgery, although no infections were reported in either group. No recurrences were detected during the 6-month follow-up. Conclusion: The laparoscopic technique for inguinal hernia repair offers significant advantages in terms of less postoperative pain, faster recovery, and shorter hospital stay compared to open surgery, despite a longer operative time. These results suggest that laparoscopy is a more favorable option for patients seeking a quicker recovery and early return to daily activities. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 198-198 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025198 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a126 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marcella Letícia Cunha Cotta Author-Name-First: Marcella Letícia Author-Name-Last: Cunha Cotta Author-Name: Karina Bustamante Galarza Author-Name-First: Karina Author-Name-Last: Bustamante Galarza Title: Impact of the Microbiota on the Gut-Brain Axis and its Influence on Anxiety: A Systematic Review Abstract: Background: he gut-brain axis is a bidirectional connection that communicates the gastrointestinal system and the central nervous system (CNS), through nervous, immunological, endocrine and metabolic pathways. In this context, the gut microbiota refers to the set of microorganisms that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract and play a key role in the regulation of mental and emotional health, including anxiety. Research has shown that an imbalance in the gut microbiota, known as dysbiosis, can alter the gut-brain axis and contribute to the development of anxiety disorders, through inflammatory and neurochemical mechanisms. Objectives: In this work we will conduct a literature review on the relationship between the gut-brain axis, the gut microbiota and anxiety, including the potential use of probiotics in mental health. Material and methods: The proposed research design is a systematic review, the main objective of which is to determine the differences in young adult patients with anxiety treated with probiotics. Results: Given the role of the gut microbiota in the gut-brain axis due to its ability to produce neurotransmitters (e.g., GABA by Bifidobacterium) and their precursors, as well as cytokines, BDNF, and SCFAs, several efforts have been made to establish a microbiological signature in individuals with anxiety disorders. Conclusion: The use of probiotics influences the inflammatory profile of patients and the regulation of the serotonin pathway. These findings support the therapeutic potential of probiotics in the treatment of anxiety, as these disorders are associated with alterations in the HPA axis and elevated levels of inflammatory biomarkers in patients with anxiety. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 199-199 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025199 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a127 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nathalya Correia Gayao Author-Name-First: Nathalya Author-Name-Last: Correia Gayao Author-Name: Cecilia Mariel Civale Author-Name-First: Cecilia Author-Name-Last: Mariel Civale Title: Impact of Mental Health on Patients with Psoriasis Abstract: Introduction: Psoriasis is a chronic, systemic, immune-mediated dermatological disease of the skin that significantly affects patients' quality of life. The mental health of these patients is frequently compromised due to the clinical manifestations of the lesions and the stigmatizing nature of the disease. Material and methods: A review was carried out of 15 articles obtained from Google Scholar and SciELO. The selected studies address various aspects of the relationship between psoriasis and mental health, including depression and anxiety affecting quality of life. Results: Of a total of 15 articles reviewed, the results indicate a high prevalence of mental disorders, such as depression and anxiety, in patients with psoriasis, highlighting the importance of comprehensive interventions that address both physical and mental health. Conclusion: Mental health is a critical component in the management of psoriasis. Health professionals should consider continuous multidisciplinary mental health work in these patients to provide comprehensive treatment. Interdisciplinary collaboration between dermatologists and mental health professionals is essential to improve outcomes in patients with psoriasis. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 202-202 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025202 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a128 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sebastian Leonardo Godoy Author-Name-First: Sebastian Author-Name-Last: Leonardo Godoy Author-Name: Gerardo Laube Author-Name-First: Gerardo Author-Name-Last: Laube Title: Diseases Due To Free-Living Amebas Abstract: Introduction: Acanthamoeba spp., Balamuthia mandrillaris and Naegleria fowleri are pathogenic free-living amoebae (FLA) and are commonly found in the environment, particularly in soil. This pathogenic FLA causes granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) or primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) that affects the central nervous system and can also cause keratitis and skin infections. Objectives: In the present study, our objective was to determine the quantitative concentration of Acanthamoeba spp., B. mandrillaris and N. fowleri in soil samples collected from places where human contact is high by means of an assay and to reach the conclusion of contagion in these. Materials and methods: A systematic review was performed in the following databases: PubMed; EMBASE; Cochrane; BVS, Cinahl and Web of Science. After the initial steps, the most relevant data were extracted from each article and compiled in full text in topics according to the chosen outcome. Results: The qPCR assay detected a total of 45.71 % (n = 16) of Acanthamoeba spp., 20 % (n = 7) of B. mandrillaris and 17.4 % (n = 6) of N. fowleri in five different soil sources. The quantitative concentration of Acanthamoeba spp., B. mandrillaris,5 - 6 × 10 2 , 47 × 10 4 to 39 × 10 3 , and 9 × 10 3 - 8 × 10 2 plasmid copies/gr, respectively. While the highest quantitative concentration of Acanthamoeba spp. and B. mandrillaris was determined in garden soil samples, N. fowleri was detected in potting soil samples. Three different genotypes T2 (18.75 %), T4 (56.25 %) and T5 (25 %) were identified from Acanthamoeba positive soil samples. The T4 genotype of Acanthamoeba was the most frequently detected genotype in soil samples and is also the most common genotype causing infection in humans and animals. To our knowledge, the present study is the first to identify the T5 genotype in soil samples from Turkey. Conclusion: people and especially children should be aware of the hidden danger in the garden and potting soil samples they come into contact with most frequently. Public health awareness of human infections that may arise due to contact with soil should be increased. Public health specialists should raise awareness of this hidden danger in soil. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 205-205 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025205 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a129 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luara Amigo Martins Author-Name-First: Luara Author-Name-Last: Amigo Martins Author-Name: María Romina Leardi Author-Name-First: María Author-Name-Last: Romina Leardi Title: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Late diagnosis and its psychosocial and functional consequences Abstract: Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has traditionally been diagnosed in childhood, but in recent years an increase in adult diagnoses was observed. Lack of knowledge, confusion with other disorders and the absence of obvious symptoms hindered its early detection. Late diagnosis generated negative impacts on the emotional, professional, social and sexual life of those affected. Methods: An observational and descriptive study was conducted, based on an online survey applied to adults with late diagnosis of ADHD. The questionnaire included 28 questions distributed in variables such as diagnosis, relationships, academic, emotional and sexual life. The sample consisted of 13 participants from Brazil and Argentina, and the data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Results: 38.5% were diagnosed after the age of 18 years. Some 76.9% presented academic difficulties and 61.5% had problems in completing their studies. In the work environment, 46.2% reported difficulties related to disorganization and distraction. Likewise, 69.2% reported problems in personal relationships and 61.5% in self-esteem. More than half experienced alterations in their sexual life. 61.5% stated that the treatment improved their quality of life, although some did not agree for economic reasons. Conclusion: Late diagnosis of ADHD had a significant impact on multiple areas of adult life. It was concluded that greater awareness, early diagnosis and access to comprehensive treatment are essential to improve the quality of life of these individuals. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 206-206 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025206 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a130 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lázaro Pablo Linares Cánovas Author-Name-First: Lázaro Pablo Author-Name-Last: Linares Cánovas Author-Name: Guillermo Luís Herrera Miranda Author-Name-First: Guillermo Luís Author-Name-Last: Herrera Miranda Author-Name: Liyansis Bárbara Linares Cánovas Author-Name-First: Liyansis Bárbara Author-Name-Last: Linares Cánovas Author-Name: Barbarito Malagón Silva Author-Name-First: Barbarito Author-Name-Last: Malagón Silva Author-Name: Wiliam Ismel Sánchez Muñoz Author-Name-First: Wiliam Ismel Author-Name-Last: Sánchez Muñoz Author-Name: Geovani López Ortiz Author-Name-First: Geovani Author-Name-Last: López Ortiz Title: The development and validation in hypertensive patients of the Health Belief Model for pharmacological adherence (HBM-FA) scale Abstract: Introduction: pharmacological adherence in hypertensive patients is essential, so the study of the factors that influence it is essential. Objective: to develop and validate a scale based on the health belief model to measure factors influencing drug adherence in hypertensive patients. Methods: the development process of the HBM-FAS scale included the review of the literature, the generation of the items that conformed it (grouped in the six constructs that respond to the theoretical framework of the Health Belief Model), the evaluation of its content by a panel of experts, and the subsequent application of a pilot test. A confirmatory factor analysis of the proposed model was carried out, and its validity and reliability were subsequently evaluated. Results: a panel of experts evaluated the content validity of the instrument, showing a high degree of content validity. The CFA indicated poor fit indices (CFI=.763; TLI=.735; RMSEA=.118; SRMR=.143; CMIN/DF=.07), leading to modifications (removal of 9 out of 30 items). The refined model showed an acceptable fit (CMIN/DF=1.69; CFI=.977; TLI=.972; SRMR=.0393; RMSEA=.0434). The scale demonstrated high internal consistency reliability (.895) as well as good discriminant validity. Conclusions: the HBM-FA scale showed good psychometric properties, being suitable for measuring health beliefs associated with pharmacological adherence in hypertensive patients, which makes its use in future intervention studies beneficial. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 229-229 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025229 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a131 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adrián Norberto de Paúl Author-Name-First: Adrián Norberto Author-Name-Last: de Paúl Author-Name: Pablo Farina Author-Name-First: Pablo Author-Name-Last: Farina Author-Name: Alejandra Aranguren Author-Name-First: Alejandra Author-Name-Last: Aranguren Author-Name: Analía Portis Author-Name-First: Analía Author-Name-Last: Portis Title: Violence: manifestations in the health field Abstract: Introduction: Violence in the health system is a complex phenomenon that affects both workers and users, generating physical, psychological, and social consequences. This study investigates how these manifestations are perceived and experienced in a public institution in southern Santa Fe, also considering the structural role of the health system in the reproduction of such situations. Methods: A mixed-method (quantitative-qualitative) approach was applied, with an analytical, retrospective, and cross-sectional design. The unit of analysis was the “perception of violence.” Interviews were conducted with 97% of the health institution’s workers in Zavalla, and 64 users randomly selected. The interviews were semi-structured, guided by thematic reflection axes. Results: Workers expressed a high perception of institutional violence: 60% do not feel safe in their workplace, 52% feel their proposals are not considered, and 76% believe the employer does not meet objectives. Furthermore, 70% of conflicts with users are verbal, and 24% physical. From the users’ side, 30% feel unsafe in the institution, and 30% believe their rights are not respected. Although 77% feel their health concerns are addressed, verbal (14%) and physical (3%) mistreatment is also evident. Conclusions: The study reveals a systematic issue of violence in the health sector, perceived and suffered by both parties. Generalized dissatisfaction and precarious working and social conditions are contributing factors to these manifestations. Solutions must go beyond the health field and involve the State in structurally improving living conditions, health services, and labor conditions. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 230-230 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025230 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a132 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dionis Ruiz Reyes Author-Name-First: Dionis Author-Name-Last: Ruiz Reyes Author-Name: Néstor Miguel Carvajal-Otaño Author-Name-First: Néstor Miguel Author-Name-Last: Carvajal-Otaño Author-Name: Madyaret Águila Carbelo Author-Name-First: Madyaret Author-Name-Last: Águila Carbelo Author-Name: Adriel Herrero Díaz Author-Name-First: Adriel Author-Name-Last: Herrero Díaz Author-Name: Ileana Beatriz Quiroga López Author-Name-First: Ileana Beatriz Author-Name-Last: Quiroga López Title: Precision pediatric oncology: achievements, prospects, and current challenges Abstract: The Oncologia of precision is based in that the final cause in the genesis of the cancer is in genetic mutations, its knowledge allows to establish identification strategies and application of the preventive boarding, diagnosis and therapeutic more effective. In their bigger one he/she leaves it has not applied in the attention of the pediatric cancer. Inside their purposes in this field meet the integration of the genetic-molecular information with the available information in other databases to identify susceptible reveilles of personalized treatments. He/she was carried out a bibliographical revision with the objective of characterizing the medicine of precision like novel and promising applicable science to the diagnosis and treatment of the cancer in pediatric ages. For the achievement of the objective 22 bibliographies were consulted. You concluded that, through the use of tools genómicas of new generation, the oncología of precision has arrived to the pediatric practice at the moment outlining new opportunities and challenges. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 232-232 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025232 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a133 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Néstor Miguel Carvajal-Otaño Author-Name-First: Néstor Miguel Author-Name-Last: Carvajal-Otaño Author-Name: Dionis Ruiz Reyes Author-Name-First: Dionis Author-Name-Last: Ruiz Reyes Author-Name: Madyaret Águila Carbelo Author-Name-First: Madyaret Author-Name-Last: Águila Carbelo Author-Name: Adriel Herrero Díaz Author-Name-First: Adriel Author-Name-Last: Herrero Díaz Author-Name: Ileana Beatriz Quiroga López Author-Name-First: Ileana Beatriz Author-Name-Last: Quiroga López Title: Pediatric oncology: past, present, and future Abstract: The infantile cancer has a marked importance in the environment of the pediatrics; since it is the second cause of mortality in the childhood. The oncopediatría has gone perfecting the diagnosis and the treatment protocols, getting better indexes of survival. At the present time, the advances in the technical diagnose and therapies facilitate a significant increment of survivors among the sick cancer infantojuveniles. He was carried out the present bibliographical revision with the objective of characterizing the evolution of the Oncopediatria. For the achievement of this objective 15 bibliographies were consulted. The improvement of the survival of the patients is not due to the improvements diagnose, therapeutic and assistance, to a decrease of the incidence. The future of the oncopediatría is directed to less toxic, more effective and more selective treatments; and to be able to identify the patients for their genetic profile predicting if they will respond or not to certain drug or outline. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 233-233 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025233 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a134 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pavithra D Author-Name-First: Pavithra Author-Name-Last: D Author-Name: Smilarubavathy G Author-Name-First: Smilarubavathy Author-Name-Last: G Author-Name: Nidhya R Author-Name-First: Nidhya Author-Name-Last: R Title: Exploring fMRI Biomarkers for Early Autism Prediction in Fragile X Syndrome Abstract: Neurodevelopmental disorders like Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) often share similar behavioral and cognitive traits, which can make diagnosis and treatment more complex. While ASD typically arises from a mix of genetic and environmental influences, FXS is directly linked to mutations in the FMR1 gene. This review highlights recent progress in the use of neuroimaging—especially functional MRI (fMRI)—and machine learning, both of which are playing a growing role in improving diagnostic accuracy and deepening our understanding of how the brain functions in ASD and FXS. By exploring the latest research, we show how these tools help uncover both unique and overlapping patterns in brain activity, laying the groundwork for earlier diagnosis and more personalized interventions. These developments point to the powerful potential of combining brain imaging and AI to transform the way we approach diagnosis and care. Continued collaboration across disciplines is key to refining these techniques and moving closer to precision medicine in the field of neurodevelopmental disorders. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 234-234 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025234 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a135 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nidhya R Author-Name-First: Nidhya Author-Name-Last: R Author-Name: Smilarubavathy G Author-Name-First: Smilarubavathy Author-Name-Last: G Author-Name: Pavithra D Author-Name-First: Pavithra Author-Name-Last: D Title: Transforming rural healthcare: a mobile app for digital consultation and diagnostics Abstract: Access to quality medical care is essential for maintaining a healthy life, yet it remains challenging for many, particularly in addressing health issues promptly and effectively. Digital diagnostics and virtual consultations are transforming healthcare by leveraging technology to enhance patient care and streamline medical processes. These tools enable remote communication between patients and healthcare professionals, eliminating geographical barriers and increasing access to expert medical advice. This is especially beneficial in rural areas of India, where timely consultations and proactive health management can be difficult. To address this need, we have developed a mobile application powered by Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) that simplifies remote healthcare through online consultations. The app analyzes symptoms—submitted as text or images—generates relevant medical insights, and provides appropriate prescriptions. Acting as a virtual medical mentor, it educates patients about their health conditions and recommended treatments. The application features a chatbot that utilizes both text and image inputs to accurately identify diseases and deliver tailored medical guidance. This diagnostic bot not only improves patient-doctor communication but also minimizes unnecessary lab tests and costly treatments. It complements traditional in-person care by enhancing diagnostic accuracy, reducing the need for physical visits, and significantly cutting down waiting times. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 235-235 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025235 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a136 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hari Kiran Vege Author-Name-First: Hari Author-Name-Last: Kiran Vege Author-Name: Sri Kamal Yandamuri Author-Name-First: Sri Kamal Author-Name-Last: Yandamuri Author-Name: Jetti Vennela Author-Name-First: Jetti Author-Name-Last: Vennela Author-Name: Sai Venkat Author-Name-First: Sai Author-Name-Last: Venkat Title: Ai for autonomous health care on diabetes diagnostics Abstract: The project aims to improve diabetes prediction using Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AIML) technologies. Diabetes is a chronic disease that needs to be detected early and monitored regularly. Conventional diagnostic methods are based on clinical evaluation and laboratory tests, which are time-consuming and expensive. The system uses cloud computing and machine learning algorithms to create a scalable and effective diabetes prediction model. With patient health data like glucose levels, BMI, age, and insulin levels, the system implements machine learning techniques like Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and Neural Networks to estimate the probability of diabetes. Integration with the cloud provides real-time analytics, data security, and easy access to healthcare professionals. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 236-236 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025236 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a137 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lisbel Garzón Cutiño Author-Name-First: Lisbel Author-Name-Last: Garzón Cutiño Author-Name: Deborah Cabrera Rodríguez Author-Name-First: Deborah Author-Name-Last: Cabrera Rodríguez Author-Name: Carlos Alberto Marin Rojo Author-Name-First: Carlos Alberto Author-Name-Last: Marin Rojo Author-Name: Maytee Olivera Vega Author-Name-First: Maytee Author-Name-Last: Olivera Vega Title: Clinical characterization and mortality predictors in a terminal hospital Abstract: Introduction: the stroke represents one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality globally, with a significant impact on public health. The identification of mortality predictors is essential for clinical decision making. Aim: characterize patients diagnosed with stroke and determine mortality predictors. Methods: an observational, analytical and retrospective study was carried out at the Dr. Miguel Enriquez Surgical Clinical Hospital from January to December 2024. The qualitative variables were summarized in absolute frequencies and percentages. The quantitative variables in average and standard deviation. To evaluate the association between qualitative variables the JI square test was applied. To determine the factors associated with mortality, a multivariate binary regression model was adjusted. Results: 883 patients were studied. The ischemic stroke was the most frecuent and within in the cerebral infarction of therotrombotic etiology prevailed (79.9%). With respect to the age variable, for each additional year the probability of death increases by 5%, OR 1.05 (IC 95%: 1.02-1.08, p< 0. 001). As for the Glasgow scale for each additional point, the probability of death decreases by 15%, OR 0.85 (IC 95%: 0.80- 0.90). On the other hand, patients with cerebral edema have 3.5 times higher risk of death OR 3.50 (IC 95%: 2.40- 5.10). Conclusions: the influence of clinical and demographic factors on ICTUS mortality provides tools to stratify the risk, contributing to optimize decisions in medical practice. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 237-237 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025237 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a138 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dania María García Rodríguez Author-Name-First: Dania María Author-Name-Last: García Rodríguez Author-Name: Dionis Ruiz Reyes Author-Name-First: Dionis Author-Name-Last: Ruiz Reyes Author-Name: Madyaret Águila Carbelo Author-Name-First: Madyaret Author-Name-Last: Águila Carbelo Author-Name: Adriel Herrero Díaz Author-Name-First: Adriel Author-Name-Last: Herrero Díaz Author-Name: Ileana Beatriz Quiroga López Author-Name-First: Ileana Beatriz Author-Name-Last: Quiroga López Title: Update on Cardiac Arrhythmias in Patients with COVID-19 Abstract: Currently the world population is besieged by COVID-19, a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus; and it has been declared by the WHO as a pandemic. COVID-19 disease usually presents with mild respiratory symptoms, some patients have pneumonia, and in severe cases, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and shock are seen. Cardiovascular complications in the course of COVID-19 are responsible for high mortality. A bibliographic review was carried out in order to characterize the pathophysiology of heart rhythm disorders caused by COVID-19 and its complications. A total of 22 bibliographic references were reviewed between books, medical journals and web pages of the Scielo and Infomed platforms. It is evident that those who suffer from previous heart disease are at risk of decompensation and have higher mortality. The drugs used during the treatment of this condition confer a proarrhythmogenic effect. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 241-241 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025241 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a139 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dania María García Rodríguez Author-Name-First: Dania María Author-Name-Last: García Rodríguez Author-Name: Dionis Ruiz Reyes Author-Name-First: Dionis Author-Name-Last: Ruiz Reyes Author-Name: Madyaret Águila Carbelo Author-Name-First: Madyaret Author-Name-Last: Águila Carbelo Author-Name: Adriel Herrero Díaz Author-Name-First: Adriel Author-Name-Last: Herrero Díaz Author-Name: Ileana Beatriz Quiroga López Author-Name-First: Ileana Beatriz Author-Name-Last: Quiroga López Title: Hematological Alterations in Patients with COVID-19 Abstract: Currently, the global population is under siege from COVID-19, a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, which has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. COVID-19 usually presents with mild respiratory symptoms but is also associated with less common and somewhat delayed clinical manifestations such as thrombotic events (arterial or venous), skin inflammation, vasculitis, and the development of pulmonary fibrosis. A literature review was conducted with the aim of characterizing hematological changes in patients during COVID-19. A total of 23 bibliographic references were reviewed, including books, journals, and websites from the Scielo and Infomed platforms. It was found that the main hematological alterations caused by COVID-19 include lymphocytopenia, increased D-dimer, thrombocytopenia, platelet deficiency, and thrombosis, all of which are favored by the cytokine storm. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 242-242 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025242 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a140 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lázaro Pablo Linares Cánovas Author-Name-First: Lázaro Pablo Author-Name-Last: Linares Cánovas Author-Name: Liyansis Bárbara Linares Cánovas Author-Name-First: Liyansis Bárbara Author-Name-Last: Linares Cánovas Author-Name: Barbarito Malagón Silva Author-Name-First: Barbarito Author-Name-Last: Malagón Silva Author-Name: Beatriz Gallardo Hernández Author-Name-First: Beatriz Author-Name-Last: Gallardo Hernández Author-Name: Adalina Linares Montano Author-Name-First: Adalina Author-Name-Last: Linares Montano Author-Name: Martha María Pérez Martín Author-Name-First: Martha María Author-Name-Last: Pérez Martín Title: Design and validation of a scale to assess user satisfaction with Primary Health Care Abstract: Introduction: Primary Health Care is key to user-centered care but faces challenges such as the lack of valid instruments to measure user satisfaction with the care received. Objective: to evaluate the psychometric properties of a scale designed to assess user satisfaction with health care. Methods: a methodological study for instrument validation was conducted in Pinar del Río in 2023, focusing on the validation of the SATUS-APS scale. Following its development, the instrument underwent expert validation and a pilot test, including exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Content and construct validity, as well as internal consistency, were analyzed. Results: the SATUS-APS scale showed high item-level content validity (.85–.94) and internal consistency (α=.83). Exploratory factor analysis identified six factors explaining 58.4% of the variance, with appropriate statistical fit (RMSEA=.045, CFI=.976), requiring modifications. The final model included 18 items, showing acceptable fit (CMIN/DF= 2.87, CFI=.976, TLI=.940, SRMR=.0471, RMSEA=.0404, p<.001) and excellent overall reliability (α=.968). Conclusions: the questionnaire demonstrated validity and reliability for measuring user satisfaction. Its structure was confirmed through factor analysis, and reliability coefficients were high across all dimensions. It is a useful tool for research and quality improvement in health services. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 395-395 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025395 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a141 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Estela Morales Peralta Author-Name-First: Estela Author-Name-Last: Morales Peralta Author-Name: Damarys García Gomez Author-Name-First: Damarys Author-Name-Last: García Gomez Author-Name: Daniel Quintana Hernández Author-Name-First: Daniel Author-Name-Last: Quintana Hernández Author-Name: Rosaralis Arrieta García Author-Name-First: Rosaralis Author-Name-Last: Arrieta García Author-Name: Miladys Orraca Castillo Author-Name-First: Miladys Author-Name-Last: Orraca Castillo Author-Name: Roberto Lardoeyt Ferrer Author-Name-First: Roberto Author-Name-Last: Lardoeyt Ferrer Title: Training competencies in dysmorphology: learning needs for professionals involved in clinical genetics Abstract: Introduction: Recent advances in molecular genetics and the use of artificial intelligence require professionals whose work is related to clinical genetics to have a basic knowledge of dysmorphology. It is therefore necessary to design a teaching strategy to improve their professional performance. Objective: To identify learning needs in dysmorphology for professions related to clinical genetics. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional observational study was conducted on a non-probabilistic accidental sample of 80 professionals who attended the face-to-face conference “Dysmorphology: current challenges” and who were willing to respond to an anonymous printed questionnaire. Descriptive statistical methods were used to process the data. Results: The average age of those who responded to the questionnaire was 46.83, the majority were female (92.5%), predominantly doctors (48.75%), with an average of 23 years of professional experience. Fifty-one point twenty-five percent were in teaching positions and fifty-two point five percent were scientists. Most attendees were satisfied with the conference, and the majority of proposals for postgraduate activities to be carried out during the course (sixty-three point three percent) included the use of technology for diagnosis (one hundred percent) and the use of nomenclature in dysmorphology (ninety-five point five percent). Conclusion: The handling of nomenclature in semiology and the application of technology for diagnosis were identified as learning needs. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 166-166 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025166 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a142 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yaima García Milera Author-Name-First: Yaima Author-Name-Last: García Milera Author-Name: Sandra López Berrio Author-Name-First: Sandra Author-Name-Last: López Berrio Author-Name: Yuliet Calaña Domínguez Author-Name-First: Yuliet Author-Name-Last: Calaña Domínguez Author-Name: Tania Colome González Author-Name-First: Tania Author-Name-Last: Colome González Author-Name: Adriel Herrero Díaz Author-Name-First: Adriel Author-Name-Last: Herrero Díaz Title: Antimicrobial resistence of Escherichia coli in urinary tract infections Abstract: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a microbial invasion of the urinary tract that overwhelms the host's defense mechanisms. UTIs are a common cause of consultations and hospitalizations worldwide at all ages, with the impact on kidney function varying depending on associated risk factors and age. The increasing use of antimicrobials has resulted in increased resistance among microorganisms. A narrative literature review was conducted that included various texts, articles, and printed and digital materials related to urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli) and their resistance patterns. The aim was to analyze the literature that supports the growing antimicrobial resistance of E. coli in urinary tract infections. The study concluded that antimicrobial resistance is an issue that globally affects public health and has been increasing. E. coli has specifically developed special resistance to fluoroquinolones and carbapenems, a situation of increasing concern. Faced with this global emergency, we must work together to mitigate the situation. Otherwise, the outlook for the near future will be very bleak if this health threat continues to be ignored. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 149-149 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025149 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a143 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mayenin Fuentes Tur Author-Name-First: Mayenin Author-Name-Last: Fuentes Tur Author-Name: Yaimara González Puig Author-Name-First: Yaimara Author-Name-Last: González Puig Author-Name: Juan Leonardo Pacios Dorado Author-Name-First: Juan Leonardo Author-Name-Last: Pacios Dorado Author-Name: Christian José Arencibia Pagés Author-Name-First: Christian José Author-Name-Last: Arencibia Pagés Author-Name: Raiza Fernández Sosa Author-Name-First: Raiza Author-Name-Last: Fernández Sosa Author-Name: Karina Ojeda Pozo Author-Name-First: Karina Author-Name-Last: Ojeda Pozo Title: Level of information about lung cancer in patients at a Medical Office. Palma Soriano Abstract: Introduction: lung cancer is a common malignant neoplasm in adults, with a multifactorial etiology, characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of cells from the lower respiratory tract, particularly the lung parenchyma. Objective: to characterize the level of information about lung cancer among patients belonging to Family Doctor's Office 1 in the municipality of Palma Soriano, Santiago de Cuba province. Methods: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2025. The study population consisted of 691 patients, selected through non-probabilistic intentional sampling. Descriptive statistics were used. Absolute and relative frequencies (percentage) were employed as summary measures. Results: 51.81% of the patients were female, and 29.09% belonged to the 20-34 age group. The most frequent educational level was completed secondary education (25.33%). Smoking as a risk factor was present in 20.55% of patients, and 60.35% showed an informed level about lung cancer. Conclusions: a predominance of informed patients was identified, although exposure to multiple risk factors persists, notably the smoking habit and passive smoke exposure. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 248-248 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025248 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a144 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Caristina Robaina Aguirre Author-Name-First: Caristina Author-Name-Last: Robaina Aguirre Author-Name: Pedro Irán Gort Iglesias Author-Name-First: Pedro Irán Author-Name-Last: Gort Iglesias Author-Name: Ibis Ávila Roque Author-Name-First: Ibis Author-Name-Last: Ávila Roque Author-Name: Yanet Ortega Dugrot Author-Name-First: Yanet Author-Name-Last: Ortega Dugrot Title: Recommendation for the safety and health of international collaborators en the 21 century Abstract: Introduction: The international Cuban’s health workers help to many populations through the world whom need this health services in special geographical, social and environmental condition. Take care of health, safety and wellbeing of these workers is responsibility of the Occupational Epidemiology in the country. Objective: To recommender training and learning as measure of prevention and promotion of health for these populations. This measure of training and qualification actions that must be carried out before, during and after the health professional fulfills his mission abroad. Development: It gives continuity to a group of questions that were formulated regarding “The safety and health of worker´s health in the 21st century. A challenge for Cuban occupational epidemiology”, article published in 2018. These measures pointed out the importance of health and safety training which is why a series of preventive measures are recommended in order to minimize the risks aim to increase the knowledge and risk perception of these personnel regarding the potential dangers that may arise, as well as for their better prevention and control, following the prerogative of “Caring for those who Care” is a right to the health of internationalist collaborators. Conclusion: The right to health for these professionals lies in the prevention and promotion of health in this area being permanent and the feedback upon return to the country essential for the preparation of future collaborators. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 404-404 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025404 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a145 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Annie Daniela Coelho Author-Name-First: Annie Daniela Author-Name-Last: Coelho Author-Name: Junelvis Cristina Ascanio García Author-Name-First: Junelvis Cristina Author-Name-Last: Ascanio García Author-Name: Javier Alejandro Ferrer Freitas Author-Name-First: Javier Alejandro Author-Name-Last: Ferrer Freitas Author-Name: Adriana Rodríguez de Lugo Author-Name-First: Adriana Author-Name-Last: Rodríguez de Lugo Author-Name: Mildred Noemi Lupi Díaz Author-Name-First: Mildred Noemi Author-Name-Last: Lupi Díaz Title: Burnout syndrome and socioeconomic level of resident doctors in public hospitals in Maracay, Venezuela Abstract: Introduction: Burnout syndrome is an adaptive psychological disorder, a consequence of chronic work stress. It commonly affects health professionals since, from the beginning of their careers, they face a series of stressors specific to their practice, which could be intensified due to the socioeconomic situation that Venezuela is going through. Consequently, the objective of the present research was to determine the prevalence of Burnout syndrome and the relationship with the socioeconomic level of general surgery residents from two public hospitals in Maracay, Venezuela, during the year 2023. Materials and Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational design was carried out. The sample consisted of general surgery residents from two public hospitals. For data collection, the standardized Maslach Burnout Inventory and Graffar-Méndez Castellano questionnaires were used. Results: 43 surgery residents participated, mostly female (51.16%), aged between 25 and 30 years (81.4%). The prevalence of the syndrome was 20.93%, with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization being the most frequent scales (79% and 70%, respectively). Regarding the socioeconomic stratum, the majority were upper middle class (64.47%). No association was found between the Burnout syndrome and the socioeconomic level. Conclusions: The majority of the surgical residents exhibited emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, were located in the upper and upper middle-class strata, and no association was found between these variables. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 358-358 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025358 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a146 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marcela Lichtensztejn Author-Name-First: Marcela Author-Name-Last: Lichtensztejn Author-Name: Camila B. Trivarelli Author-Name-First: Camila B. Author-Name-Last: Trivarelli Author-Name: Carlos Jesús Canova-Barrios Author-Name-First: Carlos Jesús Author-Name-Last: Canova-Barrios Title: Clinical simulation as an experiential learning strategy in the graduate training of music therapists: systematization of a teaching experience Abstract: Introducción: La simulación clínica ha demostrado ser una herramienta pedagógica eficaz en la formación de profesionales de la salud. Su incorporación en la carrera de Musicoterapia representa una innovación metodológica que permite recrear escenarios clínicos realistas, donde los estudiantes ejercitan habilidades prácticas y desarrollan competencias terapéuticas en un entorno seguro. Métodos: Se sistematizó una experiencia educativa desarrollada en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de Ciencias Empresariales y Sociales (UCES) en la que se diseñaron escenarios clínicos simulados con la participación de estudiantes de tercer año de la carrera de Musicoterapia. Las simulaciones abordaron contextos como salud mental, neurología, cuidados intensivos y pediatría empleando actores entrenados y recursos tecnológicos. Al finalizar, se aplicó un cuestionario con escala Likert para explorar la percepción de los estudiantes respecto a su aprendizaje y desempeño clínico. Resultados: El 63% de los estudiantes consideró que la experiencia fortaleció “mucho” su pensamiento crítico; el 62% percibió un aumento significativo en la confianza profesional; el 87% valoró altamente la instancia de debriefing como espacio de integración teoría-práctica; el 88% reportó mayor motivación para aprender; el 63 % señaló mejoras sustanciales en sus competencias clínicas y el 50% manifestó una reducción significativa del temor al contacto con pacientes reales. Los comentarios cualitativos reforzaron estos hallazgos, destacando la utilidad del entorno protegido, la posibilidad de aplicar saberes previos y la oportunidad de recibir retroalimentación inmediata. Conclusiones: La simulación clínica se consolida como una estrategia efectiva para la enseñanza de competencias en musicoterapia, promoviendo un aprendizaje experiencial, reflexivo y personalizado. Su implementación contribuye al desarrollo integral del estudiante y representa un avance significativo en la formación académica dentro de las terapias basadas en las artes. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 361-361 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025361 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a147 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Berrios Tucto Yahaira Liseth Author-Name-First: Berrios Tucto Author-Name-Last: Yahaira Liseth Author-Name: Sara Maria Crespo Tataje Author-Name-First: Sara Maria Author-Name-Last: Crespo Tataje Author-Name: Victor Manuel Morales Chamorro Author-Name-First: Victor Manuel Author-Name-Last: Morales Chamorro Author-Name: Harold Stephano Morante Montalban Author-Name-First: Harold Stephano Author-Name-Last: Morante Montalban Author-Name: Roberth Frias Guevara Author-Name-First: Roberth Author-Name-Last: Frias Guevara Title: Technological Tools for Elementary School Children with Intellectual Disabilities That Cause Learning Difficulties. Los Olivos, 2025 Abstract: This research addresses the issue of accessibility and adaptation of technological tools and their impact on learning difficulties among primary school children with intellectual disabilities, aligning with SDG 4 “Ensure inclusive, equitable and quality education.” The aim was to explain the relationship between these tools and cognitive barriers in students from Los Olivos, 2025. Universal Design for Learning and Socio‑Constructivist theories were reviewed. The study was applied, non‑experimental, correlational, cross‑sectional, and descriptive; the sample comprised 52 subjects and a validated questionnaire was used (α = 0.944). Descriptive results showed that 1.9 % of respondents disagreed, 13.5 % neither agree nor disagree, 17.3 % agreed, and 15.4 % strongly agreed with the use of adapted technologies. Inferentially, Spearman’s rho was ρ = 0.652 (p = 0.000 < 0.05), demonstrating a moderate positive correlation. It is concluded that greater accessibility and pedagogical adaptation reduce cognitive barriers and enhance educational impact, guiding teacher training, inclusive interface design, and the development of inclusive school‑equipment policies. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 355-355 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025355 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a148 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anlly Añez Author-Name-First: Anlly Author-Name-Last: Añez Author-Name: Daniela Alejandra Deago De León Author-Name-First: Daniela Alejandra Author-Name-Last: Deago De León Author-Name: Alex Hu Zhang Author-Name-First: Alex Author-Name-Last: Hu Zhang Title: Between legacy and science: exploring traditional medicine in Panama used for management of acute and chronic pain. Abstract: Panamanian herbalism is based on the ancestral knowledge of communities, who made use of native species, thus achieving remedies for different illness of each system in the body. This investigation article provides an overview of the most commonly used medicinal plants in Panama, as well as their uses related to pain and other uses. Some of the plants mentioned have properties attributed by the country's population. Also, we will present the mixture of various plants used in poultices, plasters, and infusions turned into remedies, specifically the most used ones in the national territory. To a lesser extent, we will briefly mention the drugs of utility in Panama, main molecules, and generalities. Of course, the relationships between pharmacological and traditional therapy will be established, analyzing the active principles and studies carried out. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 392-392 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2026392 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a149 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mayelín García García Author-Name-First: Mayelín Author-Name-Last: García García Author-Name: Lidia Morejón Gamboa Author-Name-First: Lidia Author-Name-Last: Morejón Gamboa Author-Name: Luis Alexis Peláez Yáñez Author-Name-First: Luis Alexis Author-Name-Last: Peláez Yáñez Author-Name: Odalys Orraca Castillo Author-Name-First: Odalys Author-Name-Last: Orraca Castillo Title: Two patients diagnosed with hereditary angioedema in Pinar del Río Abstract: Introduction: hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare autosomal dominant disease that can be fatal if not treated promptly. It is caused by a deficiency in the synthesis of the inhibitory complement C1. Objective: to describe The clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of two patients with hereditary angioedema in Pinar del Río. Methods: two patients are reported with a definitive diagnosis of hereditary angioedema treated at the Pepe Portilla Pediatric Hospital from November 2011 to January 2023. The following are included: Classification, family tree, personal and family history, description, laboratory diagnosis, evolution, and treatment of the disease. Results: the patients presented recurrent episodes of edema in various regions of the body, both spontaneously and due to trauma, affecting the gastrointestinal mucosa with vomiting and diarrhea. Laboratory tests showed a severe decrease in C4 levels. Both received preventive treatment with danazol. Berinert was used in severe attacks in the patient with hereditary angioedema type I. One case showed an absence of family history, suggesting a new mutation; while the other had a family history, demonstrating an autosomal dominant pattern and milder symptoms. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 352-352 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025352 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a150 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anlly Añez Author-Name-First: Anlly Author-Name-Last: Añez Author-Name: Annmarie Gonzalez Author-Name-First: Annmarie Author-Name-Last: Gonzalez Author-Name: Gabriela Pérez Author-Name-First: Gabriela Author-Name-Last: Pérez Author-Name: Josué Sánchez Author-Name-First: Josué Author-Name-Last: Sánchez Author-Name: Miguel Figueroa Author-Name-First: Miguel Author-Name-Last: Figueroa Author-Name: Eduardo Lay Author-Name-First: Eduardo Author-Name-Last: Lay Author-Name: Liz Penna Author-Name-First: Liz Author-Name-Last: Penna Author-Name: Sila Correa Author-Name-First: Sila Author-Name-Last: Correa Title: Incidence of Dyslipidemia as a public health issue within the provinces of Panamá, Herrera and Los Santos in patients of the General Medicine consultation at the Pueblo Nuevo Health Center, Hospital Dr. Gustavo Nelson Collado and Hospital Joaquín Pablo Franco: Clinical record review during february 2024. Abstract: The main objective of this research is to raise awareness of the high frequency, risks and consequences of lipid disorders. This is a public health problem we are currently facing in our modern society. However, it is a problem whose relevance is not adequately recognized. The consequences of dyslipidemias are concerning, and when left untreated, they are detrimental to the patient's health and quality of life. Increased cardiovascular risk, early development of atherosclerosis and hepatic steatosis are just some of the consequences of sustained high lipid levels over time, as well as, the consumption of tobacco products and other substances. Therefore, patient information and education is of crucial interest to curb the development of the disease. We have gathered data from several institutions to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemias in different areas of the country. Additionally, our aim is to educate the patient as to the risks and consequences that exist and the importance of adherence to treatment in order to obtain maximum efficacy of the treatment and to minimize these risks and consequences. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 377-377 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025377 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a151 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anlly Añez Author-Name-First: Anlly Author-Name-Last: Añez Author-Name: Aura Barrios Author-Name-First: Aura Author-Name-Last: Barrios Author-Name: Paola Peralta Author-Name-First: Paola Author-Name-Last: Peralta Author-Name: Sebastián Riperto Author-Name-First: Sebastián Author-Name-Last: Riperto Title: Prevalence of infertility associated with endometriosis in the infertility clinic at Santo Tomás Hospital in 2023 Abstract: This research addresses a very important topic in the field of reproductive medicine: the relationship between endometriosis and infertility. In order to analyze the prevalence of infertility associated with endometriosis in the infertility clinic of the Santo Tomás Hospital during the year (2023), through the review of clinical records, extending a series of specific objectives that delve into Key aspects. We seek to estimate the most common age range among patients diagnosed with endometriosis, which not only gives us insight into the demographic distribution of this disease, but also suggests possible trends in its diagnosis. In addition, the aim is to determine the most frequent types of endometriosis in relation to age, which could reveal significant patterns in the reproductive history of women, potentially influencing their fertility prognoses. Finally, we will seek to understand the most commonly used treatments, which not only informs the population about the available therapeutic options, but also indicates where medical strategies and planning are headed in the fight against infertility associated with endometriosis. Thus, the importance of this research lies in its ability to offer a deep and up-to-date understanding of a complex medical problem that affects a significant number of women of reproductive age. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 354-354 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025354 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a152 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Victor Manuel Hernández Valdés Author-Name-First: Victor Manuel Author-Name-Last: Hernández Valdés Author-Name: Maydelis Cruza Lorenzo Author-Name-First: Maydelis Author-Name-Last: Cruza Lorenzo Author-Name: Yangel Fuentes Milián Author-Name-First: Yangel Author-Name-Last: Fuentes Milián Author-Name: Yusleny Sánchez Horta Author-Name-First: Yusleny Author-Name-Last: Sánchez Horta Title: Characterization of acute renal failure due to cisplatin in cancer patients Abstract: Introduction. Cisplatin is the most nephrotoxic antineoplastic drug and the main cause of acute renal failure in cancer patients. Aim. To characterize acute renal failure due to cisplatin in oncology patients treated in the Nephrology clinic belonging to the “III Congreso” Hospital in the period 2020-2022. Method. An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in oncological patients with acute renal failure due to cisplatin, belonging to the Nephrology clinic of Hospital III Congreso, Pinar del Río city, during the period 2020-2022. Variables were defined as: sex, age, presence of active oncological disease, presence of acute renal failure, stage of acute renal failure, urinary volume, urinary sediment, risk factors. The universe was made up of 52 patients, taking as a sample 23 who met the inclusion criteria. The collection of information took into account theoretical, empirical and statistical methods. Results. Male patients aged ≥ 60 years predominated. There was a higher frequency of active neoplastic disease in relation to ARF. Patients who presented ARF predominated for 52.17% and in Stage II of the disease, with a urinary volume of 0.5-3 L/24 hours. Active urinary sediment predominated for 52.17%. Hypovolemia was the risk factor most associated with ARF, for 39.13%. Conclusions. Acute kidney damage, both functional and structural, should be studied more precisely in a cancer patient subjected to toxic drug attacks, in order to prevent kidney consequences. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 282-282 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025282 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a153 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nathaly Moreno Betancourt Author-Name-First: Nathaly Author-Name-Last: Moreno Betancourt Author-Name: Darian Ortega Martínez Author-Name-First: Darian Author-Name-Last: Ortega Martínez Author-Name: Yangel Fuentes Milián Author-Name-First: Yangel Author-Name-Last: Fuentes Milián Author-Name: Félix Eduardo Lugo López Author-Name-First: Félix Eduardo Author-Name-Last: Lugo López Title: Demographic and clinical factors associated with kidney disease in oncohematological patients Abstract: Introduction: the life expectancy of patients with oncohematological diseases is increasing, and there is an increasing likelihood that these malignancies coexist with varying degrees of renal involvement. The incidence of oncohematological diseases, as well as the morbidity and mortality they cause, make it a health problem that requires the adoption of specific measures aimed at raising awareness of the problem, identifying it early, developing guidelines for action in accordance with current knowledge, and facilitating their application in healthcare practice. Objective: to describe the factors associated with the progression of kidney disease in oncohematological patients. Methods: an observational, descriptive, longitudinal, and prospective study was conducted in the hematology department of the "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado" General Teaching Hospital in Pinar del Río from May 2020 to May 2022, with 53 patients. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to display qualitative and quantitative variables. Results: in the present study, it was observed that among oncohematological patients with kidney disease, male sex, white race, and age between 58 and 67 years predominated. Multiple myeloma was the most frequent oncohematological disease and the one associated with the need for hemodialysis. The use of etoposide was associated with the need for hemodialysis treatment. Conclusions: both the diagnosis of multiple myeloma and the use of etoposide are factors associated with the progressive deterioration of kidney disease. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 341-341 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025341 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a154 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mutaz Abdel Wahed Author-Name-First: Mutaz Author-Name-Last: Abdel Wahed Author-Name: Salma Abdel Wahed Author-Name-First: Salma Author-Name-Last: Abdel Wahed Title: Predicting Postoperative Complications in Glioblastoma Patients Using Machine Learning Models Abstract: Introduction: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. Despite advanced treatments, postoperative complications remain common and significantly impact patient outcomes. This study aims to predict such complications using machine learning (ML) models. Method: a retrospective analysis was conducted using GBM patient data from open-access sources (TCIA and Kaggle). Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative variables were collected. ML models including Logistic Regression, Random Forest, XGBoost, and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) were trained and evaluated using metrics such as AUROC, AUPRC, sensitivity, and specificity. Feature importance was assessed using SHAP values. Results: The study included 498 patients (median age: 55 years; 60 % male). Postoperative complications occurred in 30 % of patients, with infections (15 %), hemorrhage (10 %), and neurological deficits (18 %) being most common. LSTM outperformed other models (AUROC: 0.88; AUPRC: 0.64), especially in Grade IV tumors. Key predictors included low preoperative KPS, eloquent tumor location, subtotal resection, and ICU stay >5 days. Conclusions: ML models, especially deep learning (LSTM), effectively predicted postoperative complications in GBM patients. Their integration into clinical workflows may enhance risk stratification, surgical planning, and patient counseling. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 406-406 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025406 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a155 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Deborah Cabrera Rodríguez Author-Name-First: Deborah Author-Name-Last: Cabrera Rodríguez Author-Name: Mai Lyng Yon Wong Author-Name-First: Mai Lyng Yon Author-Name-Last: Wong Author-Name: Marlon Carbonell Carbonell Author-Name-First: Marlon Carbonell Author-Name-Last: Carbonell Author-Name: Stefano Chiappini Zayas Author-Name-First: Stefano Author-Name-Last: Chiappini Zayas Title: Epidemiological Characterization of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Cuba Abstract: Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading infectious cause of mortality worldwide, with approximately 10.8 million new cases and 1.25 million deaths in 2023. The highest incidence rates occur in the Southeast Asia Region (45%), Africa (24%), and Western Pacific Region (17%). Objective: To epidemiologically characterize pulmonary tuberculosis in Cuba. Methods: This study employed historical data analysis. Data were obtained through a systematic literature review of 21 sources from SciELO, UpToDate, PubMed, and Cuban national press publications. Results and Discussion: Recent years have shown declining TB incidence rates across Latin America and the Caribbean. Cuba maintains one of the lowest incidence rates in the Americas, reporting 706 cases in 2023. Havana province demonstrated the highest disease burden. Current socioeconomic challenges necessitate programmatic adjustments to the National Tuberculosis Control Program. Conclusions: Recent months have seen concerning incidence increases attributable to deteriorating socioeconomic conditions. We recommend programmatic updates aligned with Cuba's current (2025) epidemiological and socioeconomic reality. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 318-318 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025318 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a156 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Johamelis Jaimes Author-Name-First: Johamelis Author-Name-Last: Jaimes Author-Name: Tiwskarys Chalo Author-Name-First: Tiwskarys Author-Name-Last: Chalo Author-Name: Javier Moya Author-Name-First: Javier Author-Name-Last: Moya Author-Name: María Victoria Méndez Author-Name-First: María Victoria Author-Name-Last: Méndez Title: Diagnostic utility of transthoracic ultrasound in chest trauma versus chest radiography Abstract: The general objective: To determine the diagnostic utility of transthoracic ultrasound in comparison with chest x-ray in patients with thoracic trauma in the surgical emergency of the Central Hospital of Maracay during the period 2023-2024. Materials and Methods: A quantitative research was carried out under the clinical-epidemiological modality of descriptive, non-experimental, observational, prospective and longitudinal type. The study population consisted of 32 patients over 10 years of age, of both sexes, with chest pain and diagnosed with thoracic trauma. Results: The average age of the patients was 38.15 years (±15.27), with a male predominance (84.38%). Most of the patients came from the state of Aragua (71.88%). The most common clinical manifestations were chest pain (100%) and dyspnea (43.75%). The leading causes of trauma included motorcycle-vehicle collisions (25%) and vehicle-to-vehicle collisions (9.38%). Transthoracic ultrasound detected pneumothorax in 28.13% of cases and pleural effusion in 18.75%, with sensitivities and specificities higher than those of chest x-ray. In addition, a high concordance was found in the detection of rib fractures and interstitial patterns. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that transthoracic ultrasound is an effective and superior diagnostic tool compared to chest x-ray for the detection of pulmonary pathologies in patients with thoracic trauma. Its routine implementation in surgical emergencies can significantly improve the diagnosis and management of these injuries, reducing morbidity and mortality. It is recommended that medical personnel be trained in the use of transthoracic ultrasound and consider its integration into trauma management protocols in emergencies. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 294-294 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025294 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a157 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Virginia Pedrique Author-Name-First: Virginia Author-Name-Last: Pedrique Author-Name: Ana Casilli Author-Name-First: Ana Author-Name-Last: Casilli Author-Name: Javier Moya Author-Name-First: Javier Author-Name-Last: Moya Author-Name: María Victoria Méndez Author-Name-First: María Victoria Author-Name-Last: Méndez Title: Negative pressure therapy with closed incision in radical mastectomy for the prevention of complications at the surgical site Abstract: The general objective: To evaluate the efficacy of closed-incision negative pressure therapy in patients with radical mastectomy for the prevention of complications at the surgical site in the Autonomous Service of the Central Hospital of Maracay, Aragua State, Venezuela, during the 2023-2024 study period. Materials and Methods: A clinical-epidemiological study of experimental, prospective and longitudinal design was carried out. The population consisted of 40 patients undergoing radical mastectomy, from which a sample of 30 patients was selected, divided into two groups: Group A (vacuum therapy) with 15 patients and Group B (traditional treatment) with 15 patients. Variables such as age, sex, comorbidities, degree of risk of complication, side effects, and complications at the surgical site at 2, 7, and 14 days postoperatively were evaluated. Chi-square and Fisher Exacta tests were used for categorical comparisons, with an alpha significance level <0.05. Results: The mean age was 55.33 years in Group A and 60.67 years in Group B. All patients were women. There were no significant differences in comorbidities, except in the presence of cancer (60.00% in Group A vs. 93.33% in Group B, p = 0.0400) and low weight (20.00% in Group A vs. 0.00% in Group B, p = 0.0238). The degree of risk of complication was higher in Group B (100% in grade III) compared to Group A (73.33% in grade III). The incidence of wound dehiscence at 14 days was significantly lower in Group A (0.00% vs. 26.67%, p = 0.0498), as was the incidence of seroma (6.67% in Group A vs. 46.67% in Group B, p = 0.0175). Conclusion: No significant differences were observed in hematoma and infection. Closed-incision negative pressure therapy is effective in reducing postoperative complications in patients undergoing radical mastectomy, especially in decreasing wound dehiscence and seroma. These findings suggest that this therapy may be a viable and beneficial option in clinical practice to improve postoperative outcomes and patients quality of life. Its implementation, staff training and additional studies are recommended to confirm these benefits and evaluate their cost-effectiveness. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 289-289 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025289 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a158 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ana Janet Cabal Armas Author-Name-First: Ana Janet Author-Name-Last: Cabal Armas Author-Name: María del Carmen Roche Madrigal Author-Name-First: María del Carmen Author-Name-Last: Roche Madrigal Author-Name: María Elena Pérez Leyva Author-Name-First: María Elena Author-Name-Last: Pérez Leyva Author-Name: Carlos Rafael Araujo Inastrilla Author-Name-First: Carlos Rafael Author-Name-Last: Araujo Inastrilla Title: Inclusion of the variable “skin color” in the Complementary Statistical Information Health Subsystem of Cuba Abstract: Introduction: The inclusion of skin color as a sociodemographic variable in health information systems represents a challenge to strengthening health equity in Cuba. Despite having a universal and free healthcare system, the omission of this variable hinders analytical capabilities and the design of inclusive public policies. Objective: To characterize the status of the inclusion process of the “skin color” variable in Cuba’s Complementary Statistical Information Health Subsystem in 2024. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted, combining document review, a focus group with specialists, and surveys of healthcare professionals. A total of 67 SIEC systems were analyzed, assessing primary and secondary records, the categories used, and staff perceptions regarding the inclusion of the variable. Results: The variable is present in only 25% of primary records and absent in all flow forms, preventing its consolidation at higher levels. A lack of standardization in the categories used was identified. Strategic systems were prioritized for initial inclusion, such as Classified patients in primary health care, Notifiable Diseases, and Outpatient Consultations. Conclusions: The study characterized the status of the inclusion of the skin color variable in Cuba’s SIEC health information systems in 2024, revealing limited and non-standardized integration. Effective incorporation requires a gradual and structured process that includes technical redesign, staff training, regulatory adjustments, and continuous monitoring. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 409-409 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025409 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a159 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Katia Abón Guerra Author-Name-First: Katia Author-Name-Last: Abón Guerra Author-Name: Juan Leonardo Pacios Dorado Author-Name-First: Juan Leonardo Author-Name-Last: Pacios Dorado Author-Name: Christian José Arencibia Pagés Author-Name-First: Christian José Author-Name-Last: Arencibia Pagés Author-Name: Mayenin Fuentes Tur Author-Name-First: Mayenin Author-Name-Last: Fuentes Tur Author-Name: Yaimara González Puig Author-Name-First: Yaimara Author-Name-Last: González Puig Author-Name: Raiza Fernández Sosa Author-Name-First: Raiza Author-Name-Last: Fernández Sosa Title: Characterization of physical fitness in medical science students, Palma Soriano Abstract: Introduction: physical fitness constitutes an inherent human ability to perform bodily tasks effectively. Academic demands in university often hinder dedication to extracurricular exercise due to the persistent fatigue and pressure generated by the academic workload. Objective: to evaluate the physical fitness of university students at the "Julio Trigo López" Medical Sciences Branch in Palma Soriano. Methods: an analytical study was conducted among students at the "Julio Trigo López" Medical Sciences Branch in Palma Soriano during March 2025. The population comprised all 387 students of the institution, with the entire group included in the study. Descriptive and inferential statistics were utilized. Results: the predominant age group was 21 years (26,87 %). Gender distribution was balanced with a slight male predominance (51,16 %), and the most represented academic year was the 3rd (23 %). Normal weight prevailed, with 200 students (51,68 %). Statistical significance tests between BMI classification and physical fitness showed a significant association (χ²=78,91; p<0.001), with a likelihood ratio of 81,23 (df=5; bilateral asymptotic significance=0.000). Only 60,72 % of students were classified as physically fit. Conclusions: although most students demonstrated physical fitness, the high percentage of non-fit individuals constitutes a relevant problem. The statistically significant relationship between body mass index and functional capacity indicates that excess weight compromises physical performance. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 407-407 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025407 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a160 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daniela Villada Escobar Author-Name-First: Daniela Author-Name-Last: Villada Escobar Author-Name: Karina Bustamante Galarza Author-Name-First: Karina Author-Name-Last: Bustamante Galarza Title: Umbilical cord stem cells as regenerative therapy: advances in the treatment of type I diabetes Abstract: Type I diabetes mellitus was presented as an autoimmune disease that destroyed the β cells of the pancreas, generating an insulin deficit and metabolic complications. Although traditional insulin treatment was necessary, it failed to stop the progression of the disease. Regenerative medicine offered new alternatives, including the use of stem cells derived from the umbilical cord. These cells showed an ability to differentiate into pancreatic cells and modulate the immune system, which helped to improve glycaemic control and reduce dependence on exogenous insulin. Clinical studies confirmed that this therapy was safe, well-tolerated and ethically acceptable, making it a promising alternative in the treatment of T1D. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 212-212 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025212 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a161 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Emanuel Zenon Aviza Joaquín Author-Name-First: Emanuel Zenon Author-Name-Last: Aviza Joaquín Author-Name: Daniel Nestor Chiacchiara Author-Name-First: Daniel Nestor Author-Name-Last: Chiacchiara Title: Impact of Dysbiosis on Intestinal Health in Young Adults with Chronic Inflammatory Diseases Abstract: Introduction: Gut microbiota played an essential role in human health, especially in functions such as digestion, vitamin synthesis and immune regulation. When this microbial balance was altered, dysbiosis emerged, a condition associated with chronic inflammatory diseases (CID) such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. In Argentina, these pathologies significantly affected young adults, influenced by factors such as industrialized diets and the excessive use of antibiotics. This study analyzed the relationship between intestinal microbiota and CID in this vulnerable population. Development: The investigation revealed that patients with CID presented a lower bacterial diversity and an increase in proinflammatory species, such as adherent-invasive *Escherichia coli*. Environmental factors such as a diet low in fiber and rich in saturated fats, as well as the early use of antibiotics, contributed to these microbial alterations. In addition, dysbiosis was found to be associated with increased inflammatory biomarkers and greater clinical severity. Genetic influences on the predisposition to develop dysbiosis were also identified. The study considered emerging treatments, such as the use of probiotics, prebiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation, which offered promising but still preliminary results. Conclusions: It was concluded that intestinal dysbiosis played a determinant role in the development and progression of CID in young adults. The need to implement public health policies that promote healthy eating habits and control the use of antibiotics was highlighted, as well as the need to promote new research on therapeutic interventions based on the microbiota. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 216-216 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025216 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a162 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Erica Maria Magalhaes de Paiva Author-Name-First: Erica Maria Author-Name-Last: Magalhaes de Paiva Author-Name: Facundo Juan Manuel Correa Author-Name-First: Facundo Juan Manuel Author-Name-Last: Correa Title: Evaluation of Health-Related Quality of Life in Villa Piletones: A Public Health Approach Abstract: The study addressed Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) as an essential component in the evaluation of the physical, mental and social well-being of the population. It focused on the community of Villa Piletones, with the aim of diagnosing its health situation and guiding public policies. Through the use of the EQ-5D instrument, inequalities were identified and useful data was generated to compare regional contexts. It was highlighted how socioeconomic, environmental and lifestyle factors influenced the perception of health. The research allowed to consolidate HRQOL as a valid tool for designing strategies to improve community health. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 217-217 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025217 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a163 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michelle Jésica Saín Author-Name-First: Michelle Author-Name-Last: Jésica Saín Author-Name: Diego Balcarce Author-Name-First: Diego Author-Name-Last: Balcarce Title: SIBO and intestinal health: clinical implications of an altered microbiota Abstract: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) was described as a condition characterised by an abnormal increase of bacteria in the small intestine, frequently associated with non-specific gastrointestinal symptoms. Over the years, its study has been deepened thanks to advances in diagnostic techniques and in the knowledge of its pathophysiology. Predisposing factors such as hypochlorhydria and anatomical or motility alterations were identified. In diagnosis, although jejunal aspirate culture remained the reference method, breath tests were widely used because of their accessibility, despite their limitations. The interpretation of these results was complex and the need to standardise criteria to avoid diagnostic errors and unnecessary treatments was emphasised. Continuous medical training and a comprehensive clinical approach were fundamental for the adequate management of SIBO. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 201-201 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025201 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a164 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Natalia Araujo Jaramillo Author-Name-First: Natalia Author-Name-Last: Araujo Jaramillo Author-Name: Diego Balcarce Author-Name-First: Diego Author-Name-Last: Balcarce Title: Hemophagocytic syndrome secondary to dengue: a serious complication in vulnerable patients Abstract: Introduction: Hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) was identified as a rare immunological condition characterized by a dysregulated activation of the immune system, which caused severe systemic inflammation and multiple organ failure. It presented in primary forms, of genetic origin, and secondary forms, associated with infections, neoplasms and autoimmune diseases. In particular, the dengue virus was recognized as a relevant trigger of HS, especially in pediatric populations in endemic regions, where its early diagnosis represented a great clinical challenge. Development: The work addressed the pathophysiology of HS, in which an exaggerated activation of macrophages and cytotoxic T lymphocytes was described, together with a hypersecretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This uncontrolled immune reaction generated manifestations such as persistent fever, pancytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly and hyperferritinemia. The diagnosis was based on clinical and laboratory criteria established by the Histiocyte Society, with the identification of hemophagocytosis in bone marrow or other tissues being essential. Treatment strategies included intensive life support, the use of corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulins and, in severe cases, immunosuppressants, with special attention to the associated risks in patients with dengue. Conclusions: It was concluded that HS secondary to dengue represented a serious and little recognized complication, whose timely diagnosis was essential to improve the prognosis. The study highlighted the importance of strengthening clinical surveillance, updating management protocols and training health personnel to effectively deal with this condition in contexts of high dengue prevalence. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 203-203 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025203 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a165 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rocío Soledad Meza Maceiras Author-Name-First: Rocío Soledad Author-Name-Last: Meza Maceiras Author-Name: Karina Bustamante Galarza Author-Name-First: Karina Author-Name-Last: Bustamante Galarza Title: Alzheimer's disease as a neurodegenerative manifestation of type 2 diabetes Abstract: The research addressed the relationship between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) and Alzheimer's disease, two pathologies of high prevalence and impact. Although traditionally considered independent diseases, they were shown to share common pathophysiological mechanisms such as insulin resistance, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Scientific evidence allowed the hypothesis of Alzheimer's as a possible ‘type 3 diabetes’ to be proposed, highlighting the implication of genetic factors, such as the ε4 allele of the APOE gene. In addition, antidiabetic therapies with neuroprotective potential, such as intranasal insulin and metformin, were analysed. This complex and multifactorial relationship offered new therapeutic and preventive perspectives for both diseases, especially in older adults. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 204-204 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025204 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a166 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dionis Ruiz Reyes Author-Name-First: Dionis Ruiz Author-Name-Last: Reyes Author-Name: Néstor Miguel Carvajal-Otaño Author-Name-First: Néstor Miguel Author-Name-Last: Carvajal-Otaño Author-Name: Madyaret Águila Carbelo Author-Name-First: Madyaret Author-Name-Last: Águila Carbelo Author-Name: Adriel Herrero Díaz Author-Name-First: Adriel Author-Name-Last: Herrero Díaz Author-Name: Ileana Beatriz Quiroga López Author-Name-First: Ileana Beatriz Author-Name-Last: Quiroga López Title: Symptoms of the COVID-19 in ENT Abstract: Introduction: We are currently facing a global pandemic of great impact due to the rapid spread of a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. It is important to highlight that some of the symptoms included in the clinical presentation of the disease involve the ear, nasal cavity and sinuses, and pharynx—areas within the scope of the otolaryngology (ENT) specialist. Objective: To characterize the main otolaryngological symptoms of COVID-19. Method: A literature review was conducted, consulting original articles, case reports, and systematic reviews available in open-access, peer-reviewed academic publications from the last five years. Databases reviewed included ScieELO, Regmed, Dialnet, Mayoclinic, among others. Search terms included COVID-19 symptoms in ENT as well as their English translations. Results: The clinical presentation of COVID-19 is very broad and includes a wide variety of symptoms that overlap with other diseases. Among these, symptoms affecting the ears, nasal cavity and sinuses, and pharynx stand out, which fall within the field of the ENT specialist. Examples include loss of taste, loss of smell, and sore throat. Conclusions: In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, consultations related to alterations in smell and taste have increased significantly, often appearing without other accompanying symptoms, thus becoming a form of presentation of the disease. Additionally, we find catarrhal symptoms such as rhinorrhea and sore throat, which—with distinguishable and specific characteristics—could serve as warning signs of the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the body. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 244-244 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025244 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a167 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dionis Ruiz Reyes Author-Name-First: Dionis Author-Name-Last: Ruiz Reyes Author-Name: Néstor Miguel Carvajal-Otaño Author-Name-First: Néstor Miguel Author-Name-Last: Carvajal-Otaño Author-Name: Madyaret Águila Carbelo Author-Name-First: Madyaret Author-Name-Last: Águila Carbelo Author-Name: Adriel Herrero Díaz Author-Name-First: Adriel Author-Name-Last: Herrero Díaz Author-Name: Ileana Beatriz Quiroga López Author-Name-First: Ileana Beatriz Author-Name-Last: Quiroga López Title: Traditional natural medicine, an alternative to the treatment of psychiatric disorders Abstract: The origins of natural and traditional medicine are closely linked to the history of humankind and its struggle for survival. This speciality includes a set of methods and techniques that aim to restore balance within the individual and between the individual and the universe. The integration of therapeutic resources for the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of diseases has been developed in a sustained and systematic manner in our country. Some of the pathologies that succumb to such resources are psychiatric illnesses, including anxiety, depression and insomnia. Natural and Traditional Medicine offers a set of modalities for their treatment, including: Acupressure, Auriculotherapy, Phytotherapy and Apitherapy. The objective of this work was to describe the therapeutic use of some modalities of Natural and Traditional Medicine in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. To achieve this, 21 bibliographies were consulted. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 163-163 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025163 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a168 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ana Vaz Author-Name-First: Ana Author-Name-Last: Vaz Author-Name: Maria Vermelho Author-Name-First: Maria Author-Name-Last: Vermelho Author-Name: Miriam Silva Author-Name-First: Miriam Author-Name-Last: Silva Author-Name: Pedro Costa Author-Name-First: Pedro Author-Name-Last: Costa Author-Name: Sónia Dinis Author-Name-First: Sónia Author-Name-Last: Dinis Author-Name: Sandy Severino Author-Name-First: Sandy Author-Name-Last: Severino Author-Name: Luís Sousa Author-Name-First: Luís Author-Name-Last: Sousa Title: Presenteeism in Nursing: A reflection on the implications for health and the contribution of clinical governance Abstract: Introduction: the phenomenon of going to work sick is common in professions with high social and interpersonal demands. The prevalence of presenteeism has increased in nursing, leading to a deterioration in nurses' health, a decrease in the quality of care provided, and an increased risk for patients. The objective was to analyze the increase in presenteeism among nurses, its impact on the quality of care and the role of clinical governance. Method: database research and critical analysis of selected articles. Results: the prevalence of presenteeism in nursing varies between 30% and 94%, making it the most affected professional category among healthcare professionals. The consequences include compromising the physical and mental health of professionals, decreased productivity, decreased quality of care, and increased adverse events. Factors such as a sense of responsibility, scarce human resources, and unhealthy work environments contribute to this phenomenon. Clinical governance, by promoting a culture of safety and well-being, can minimize presenteeism. Conclusion: clinical governance can reduce the impact of presenteeism by implementing strategies such as promoting self-care, psychological support, professional development, participatory management and resource optimization, thereby ensuring the sustainability of care and the safety of users. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 403-403 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025403 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a169 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eduardo Enrique Chibas-Muñoz Author-Name-First: Eduardo Enrique Author-Name-Last: Chibas-Muñoz Author-Name: Raúl Emilio Real-Delor Author-Name-First: Raúl Emilio Author-Name-Last: Real-Delor Title: Factors influencing mortality in patients diagnosed with intraparenchymal hemorrhage Abstract: Introduction: apoplexy or apoplectic stroke is the clinical term given to the acute loss of blood supply to a region of the brain, resulting in ischemia and loss of neurological function. Objective: to describe the factors that influence mortality in patients diagnosed with intraparenchymal hemorrhage in studies published in the PubMed and LILACS databases during the period 2020-2025. Method: a literature review study was conducted in the LILACS and PubMed databases in April 2025. A total of 21 articles were obtained from LILACS and 36 articles from PubMed, and 57 articles were preselected. Development: age and a history of diabetes mellitus are strongly associated with mortality. Additional studies show variability in incidence, with the presence of ventricular extension, blood glucose at admission, and measurement of the ipsilateral dilated optic nerve sheath as prognostic factors in this group. Conclusions: age, the presence of ventricular extension, and blood glucose at admission are highly associated with mortality. Several prognostic scales are used, with various limitations, but the Glasgow Coma Score was the most widely used in this study. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 363-363 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025363 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a170 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eilen Dayana Ferrin Zambrano Author-Name-First: Eilen Dayana Author-Name-Last: Ferrin Zambrano Author-Name: Cristhian Fabricio Zambrano Valenzuela Author-Name-First: Cristhian Fabricio Author-Name-Last: Zambrano Valenzuela Author-Name: Silvia Gabriela Villaprado Vélez Author-Name-First: Silvia Gabriela Author-Name-Last: Villaprado Vélez Author-Name: Landy María Carreño Navia Author-Name-First: Landy María Author-Name-Last: Carreño Navia Author-Name: Franklin Antonio Vite Solorzano Author-Name-First: Franklin Antonio Author-Name-Last: Vite Solorzano Author-Name: Daniel Fabricio Alarcón Cano Author-Name-First: Daniel Fabricio Author-Name-Last: Alarcón Cano Title: Effectiveness of prehabilitation in the postoperative period: limitations of application and impact on recovery Abstract: Introduction: Postoperative prehabilitation currently represents an innovative strategy with wide application in comprehensive surgical management, especially in patients undergoing high-risk procedures. Therefore, we proposed to analyze the effectiveness of prehabilitation in the postoperative period, as well as the limitations of its application in the surgical context and its impact on patient recovery. Methods: A literature review was conducted, allowing for an exhaustive examination of indexed databases such as SCOPUS, PUBMED, Scielo, and Latindex, obtaining a sample of 30 studies that met the eligibility criteria, organized in an Excel matrix for analysis using the CASPe method. Results: The integration of prehabilitation programs into postoperative care faces challenges that hinder their timely and efficient implementation in surgical centers, including organizational issues, resource constraints, lack of policies and specialized professionals, and infrastructure limitations. However, their incorporation has a positive impact on reducing complications, improving physical and emotional well-being, and shortening hospital stays. Conclusions: Comprehensive care in surgical centers is changing the safety paradigm, focusing on innovative interventions such as prehabilitation programs that, through interprofessional collaborative work and timely and effective management of services, enable a comprehensive approach to patients. This requires the development of standardized protocols, continuous training, as well as the design of interventions adapted under the supervision of a multi- and interdisciplinary team to each need according to the surgical specialty. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 362-362 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025362 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a171 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Grigsson Santiago Barragán Valdiviezo Author-Name-First: Grigsson Santiago Author-Name-Last: Barragán Valdiviezo Author-Name: Jorge Leodan Cabrera Olvera Author-Name-First: Jorge Leodan Author-Name-Last: Cabrera Olvera Title: Ethical conflicts in nursing care: dilemmas, professional burnout and coping strategies Abstract: Introduction: nursing professionals are the main direct care health personnel in the different care services, focused on human care; however, work overload affects the emotional-physical health of the professional. Therefore, it was proposed to analyze the ethical questions that occur in nursing staff during care that causes professional burnout, as well as the coping strategies implemented to overcome them. Method: a bibliographic review of original scientific articles in Spanish, English and Portuguese was carried out; 30 studies were selected by convenience sampling from indexed sources such as SCOPUS, Scielo, and Dialnet; these were organized in an Excel matrix for their analysis by applying the CASPe critical reading rubric. Results: professionals face several challenges in their work activities, which makes it necessary to implement stress management techniques, such as meditation or breathing exercises, which help them to remain calm in high-pressure situations. Conclusions: the nursing professional currently faces highly complex and demanding situations in health care services. Psychosocial factors such as work overload, lack of organizational support, and low autonomy at work are key determinants in the development of this syndrome. The implementation of programs that address both ethical dilemmas and coping strategies is essential to preserve the mental health of professionals and ensure quality patient care. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 338-338 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025338 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a172 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Deborah Cabrera Rodríguez Author-Name-First: Deborah Author-Name-Last: Cabrera Rodríguez Author-Name: Yon Wong Mai Lyng Author-Name-First: Yon Wong Author-Name-Last: Mai Lyng Author-Name: Stefano Chiappini Zayas Author-Name-First: Stefano Author-Name-Last: Chiappini Zayas Author-Name: Marlon Carbonell Author-Name-First: Marlon Author-Name-Last: Carbonell Title: Clinical Description of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Cuba Abstract: Introduction: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The World Health Organization in 2023 states that it is the leading cause of death from infectious diseases worldwide. Cuba is among the countries with low incidence in the Americas. Efforts are ongoing to achieve the goals of the "End Tuberculosis Strategy." Objective: To describe the clinical aspects of pulmonary tuberculosis in Cuba. Materials and Methods: The historical-logical method was used. Data were obtained through the review of 20 publications from 2020 to 2025. Results and Discussion: Mycobacterium tuberculosis has virulence factors supported by cell wall characteristics that aid its survival and spread. Tuberculosis is contracted through inhalation of aerosol droplets containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis from a susceptible person. Symptoms include fever, cough, weight loss, fatigue, night sweats, and hemoptysis. In Cuba, diagnostic techniques include sputum smear microscopy, bacteriological culture, and the tuberculin test. Multidrug therapy is systematically administered in 100% of diagnosed cases. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 343-343 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025343 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a173 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carlos Alberto Paz-Román Author-Name-First: Carlos Alberto Author-Name-Last: Paz-Román Author-Name: Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santivañez Author-Name-First: Jhossmar Cristians Author-Name-Last: Auza-Santivañez Author-Name: Carlos Daniel Echazu Torres Author-Name-First: Carlos Daniel Author-Name-Last: Echazu Torres Author-Name: Freddy Ednildon Bautista-Vanegas Author-Name-First: Freddy Ednildon Author-Name-Last: Bautista-Vanegas Author-Name: Daniel Ramiro Elías Vallejos-Rejas Author-Name-First: Daniel Ramiro Author-Name-Last: Elías Vallejos-Rejas Author-Name: Henrry Temis Quisbert-Vasquez Author-Name-First: Henrry Temis Author-Name-Last: Quisbert-Vasquez Author-Name: Jose Bernardo Antezana-Muñoz Author-Name-First: Jose Bernardo Author-Name-Last: Antezana-Muñoz Author-Name: Giovanni Callizaya Macedo Author-Name-First: Giovanni Author-Name-Last: Callizaya Macedo Author-Name: Mildred Ericka Kubatz La Madrid Author-Name-First: Mildred Ericka Author-Name-Last: Kubatz La Madrid Title: Measles: A Comprehensive Review of the Virus and Its Public Health Implications Abstract: Historically, measles has been an infectious disease responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Global vaccination efforts have had a transformative impact, with measles immunization estimated to have prevented more than 60 million deaths globally between 2000 and 2023. Despite these successes, the global goal of measles elimination by 2030, outlined in the Measles and Rubella Strategic Framework 2021-2030, is now under considerable threat due to the recent re-emergence of the disease. Addressing the measles crisis is not only about containing this specific virus, but also about strengthening the fundamental resilience of public health systems worldwide to prepare for and mitigate a broader spectrum of infectious disease threats. This narrative review article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the global re-emergence of measles. Clinical and epidemiological trends will be detailed, key factors contributing to this resurgence will be identified, and public health implications will be examined. An analysis of the situation in Bolivia will be included, offering localized perspectives on the challenges and responses. Finally, the article will conclude with strategic recommendations for public health interventions and future preparedness. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 285-285 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025285 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a174 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alejandra González Esquerra Author-Name-First: Alejandra Author-Name-Last: González Esquerra Author-Name: Alexis Pérez Pérez Author-Name-First: Alexis Author-Name-Last: Pérez Pérez Author-Name: Yendry Gattorno Aguila Author-Name-First: Yendry Author-Name-Last: Gattorno Aguila Author-Name: Marlon Durán Cárdenas Author-Name-First: Marlon Author-Name-Last: Durán Cárdenas Author-Name: Luis Alberto Rodríguez López Author-Name-First: Luis Alberto Author-Name-Last: Rodríguez López Title: Heyde’s Syndrome: A Case Report Abstract: Heyde’s syndrome is the association between aortic valve stenosis and gastrointestinal bleeding due to intestinal angiodysplasia. The pathophysiological basis of this syndrome appears to be an acquired deficiency of von Willebrand factor, leading to bleeding from angiodysplastic arteriovenous malformations. Treatment options include localization and cauterization of the bleeding sites, although this therapeutic approach is associated with a high recurrence rate. Aortic valve replacement appears to offer the best long-term resolution of bleeding and should be considered in most cases. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 397-397 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024397 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a175 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luis Alberto Rodríguez López Author-Name-First: Luis Alberto Author-Name-Last: Rodríguez López Author-Name: Yendry Gattorno Águila Author-Name-First: Yendry Author-Name-Last: Gattorno Águila Author-Name: Alejandra González Esquerra Author-Name-First: Alejandra Author-Name-Last: González Esquerra Author-Name: Marlon Durán Cárdenas Author-Name-First: Marlon Author-Name-Last: Durán Cárdenas Author-Name: Daniella Camacho Leandro Author-Name-First: Daniella Author-Name-Last: Camacho Leandro Title: Electrocardiographic Changes of Sinoatrial Dysfunction in Hypoglycemia: A Case Report Abstract: Acute and chronic hypoglycemia, induced by insulin or oral antidiabetic agents in a therapeutic context, is a cardiovascular risk factor that triggers endothelial dysfunction and atherogenesis via pro-inflammatory mechanisms. It may be equally or more relevant than hyperglycemia, with the added threat of inducing arrhythmogenic and ischemic sudden death. We present the case of a 61-year-old female patient with a medical history of diabetes mellitus, managed with long-acting insulin (30 units in the morning and 15 units at night), who developed fever, general malaise, and anorexia, followed by an episode of near syncope accompanied by profuse sweating. She was taken to the emergency department, where capillary blood glucose was found to be 2.4 mmol/L. A 12-lead ECG revealed sinus pauses, which resolved following administration of hypertonic dextrose. This case illustrates that hypoglycemia poses a real threat to the myocardium, not only due to its immediate proarrhythmic effects (linked to sudden death syndrome) but also due to its long-term proinflammatory and atherogenic effects, representing a major cardiovascular risk factor. Therefore, it is desirable and clinically pertinent to avoid hypoglycemic episodes of any intensity or duration in all diabetic patients—particularly those with underlying myocardial pathologies that increase the risk of sudden death: compromised systolic function, ventricular arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic genotype, and history of resuscitation. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 398-398 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024398 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a176 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daniel Oderkys Pineda Author-Name-First: Daniel Author-Name-Last: Oderkys Pineda Author-Name: Mirtha de la Caridad Campo Author-Name-First: Mirtha de la Caridad Author-Name-Last: Campo Author-Name: Javier Luis Carballo Gutierrez Author-Name-First: Javier Luis Author-Name-Last: Carballo Gutierrez Author-Name: Iraisy Moreno González Author-Name-First: Iraisy Author-Name-Last: Moreno González Title: Excessive uterine bleeding in a patient with functional thrombopathy associated with chronic kidney disease. About a case Abstract: We report an adolescent with chronic kidney disease due to rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis undergoing hemodialysis treatment who presented excessive uterine bleeding. The anamnesis collected did not show a family history of hemorrhagic diathesis, however, during the pediatric age he had had a tendency to present ecchymosis in light and moderate traumas, occasional nocturnal epistaxis and prolonged bleeding after the loss of primary teeth, for which reason it was suspected. the possibility of a disorder of platelet function and aggregation. The coagulogram was normal, but the qualitative study of the platelets showed an aggregation disorder with ADP, epinephrine and collagen. No extrinsic factors dependent on the treatment of her underlying disease were verified that could potentially contribute to this platelet alteration and it was concluded that she was a patient with probably congenital thrombopathia, who, when added to the platelet toxicity typical of the uremic state, developed this hemorrhagic tendency. , which was controlled with transfusion of red blood cells and platelets associated with antifibrinolytic treatment. The relevance of this patient consists in showing how chronic kidney disease can contribute to the clinical expression of a hematological disease that had remained subclinical after childhood and the need to take this association into account when faced with the diagnostic problem of a hemorrhagic diathesis. in patients with this disorder. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 184-184 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025184 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a177 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alejandro Román-Rodríguez Author-Name-First: Alejandro Author-Name-Last: Román-Rodríguez Author-Name: Rosymar Silva-Lago Author-Name-First: Rosymar Author-Name-Last: Silva-Lago Author-Name: José Alfredo Gallego-Sánchez Author-Name-First: José Alfredo Author-Name-Last: Gallego-Sánchez Author-Name: Lázaro Silva-Ramos Author-Name-First: Lázaro Author-Name-Last: Silva-Ramos Author-Name: Delia Rosa Díaz Rodríguez Author-Name-First: Delia Rosa Author-Name-Last: Díaz Rodríguez Title: An unusual congenital heart disease, Pentalogy of Fallot Abstract: Introduction: Fallot's pentalogy is a cyanotic congenital heart disease, with right-to-left shunt and decreased pulmonary flow, which appears when adding a fifth cardiac anomaly to Fallot's tetralogy: atrial septal defect. Objectives: The objective was to expose as clearly as possible the order of the clinical method applied during medical practice, the symptoms and signs that allowed diagnosing this entity and redirecting behavior. Case presentation: We present the case of a 43-year-old patient, who from birth presented crises of respiratory distress, moderate mental retardation and musculoskeletal development; she was diagnosed with Tetralogy of Fallot and was considered by the surgical team as inoperable. She went to the clinic for a progressive worsening of her condition, physical examination detected acrocyanosis, Hippocratic fingers and holosystolic murmur of intensity IV-V/VI on the left sternal border. A series of imaging and electrocardiographic examinations were performed to establish the diagnosis, which included plain chest X-ray in posteroanterior projection and echocardiogram, the latter allowing the definitive diagnosis; Pentalogy of Fallot. The recommended treatment for this condition is heart surgery. Conclusions: Congenital heart disease has a diverse presentation around the world, as well as its severity. It was decided to present the case because it was uncommon in medical practice due to its low frequency. This made clear the relevance of an early diagnosis of these entities for the patient's quality of life. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 186-186 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025186 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a178 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Deborah Cabrera Rodríguez Author-Name-First: Deborah Author-Name-Last: Cabrera Rodríguez Author-Name: Stefano Chiappini Zayas Author-Name-First: Stefano Author-Name-Last: Chiappini Zayas Author-Name: Amanda López Reyes Author-Name-First: Amanda Author-Name-Last: López Reyes Title: Necrotizing fasciitis secondary to crush trauma Abstract: Introduction: Necrotizing fasciitis is a devastating acute bacterial infection that affects the superficial and deep fascia, subcutaneous tissue, and, in severe cases, vascular and nervous structures. Although rare, its incidence has increased in recent years. Objective: To describe the successful therapeutic management of a case with Necrotizing fasciitis. Case report: A 21-year-old male patient with PPA due to a sella turcica tumor and epilepsy, for which he reports no treatment. He presented to the Emergency Department of Miguel Enríquez Hospital with pain in his right lower limb and a foul odor due to a traffic accident on February 3, 2025. The patient reported pain, increased volume, skin discoloration, and abundant fetid, bloody discharge, with a fever of 38-39°C since the previous afternoon. Therefore, the decision was made to admit the patient for surgical treatment. Conclusions: Skin grafting is considered an excellent coverage option for soft tissue defects and offers very favorable results in the reconstruction of the affected limb after necrotizing fasciitis. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 207-207 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025207 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a179 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carla Raposo Author-Name-First: Carla Author-Name-Last: Raposo Author-Name: Ana Rita Vilhena Author-Name-First: Ana Author-Name-Last: Rita Vilhena Author-Name: Helena Pestana Author-Name-First: Helena Author-Name-Last: Pestana Author-Name: Sandy Severino Author-Name-First: Sandy Author-Name-Last: Severino Author-Name: Luís Sousa Author-Name-First: Luís Author-Name-Last: Sousa Title: Walking and body balance training in people after Stroke: Case Report Abstract: Introduction: Population aging increases the risk of several acute and chronic diseases. Of these, stroke is one of the most prevalent in Portugal, resulting in neurological and motor deficits in the individual, with serious implications for their mobility, functionality and quality of life. Objective: To describe the gains in body balance, muscle movement and gait with the intervention of Rehabilitation Nursing in a person after a Stroke. Case report: Descriptive study, case report type, in which CARE recommendations were followed, of an individual with impaired body balance, muscle strength and walking with a walking aid after a stroke. An initial assessment was carried out with the development of a rehabilitation nursing care plan, and the respective health gains were demonstrated. The importance of training the individual in relation to body balance, muscle strength, walking with a walking aid and their relationship with the level of independence and functionality of the individual, in their home context, is highlighted. Conclusions: After intervention by a specialist nurse in rehabilitation nursing, there was an improvement in body balance, muscle strength and walking with a walking aid, with an increase in the level of independence and functionality of the person. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 231-231 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025231 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a180 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Catarina Mateus Author-Name-First: Catarina Author-Name-Last: Mateus Author-Name: Helena Pestana Author-Name-First: Helena Author-Name-Last: Pestana Author-Name: Luís Sousa Author-Name-First: Luís Author-Name-Last: Sousa Author-Name: Sandy Severino Author-Name-First: Sandy Author-Name-Last: Severino Title: The Rehabilitation Nurse's Intervention in People with Spasticity: Case Report Abstract: Introduction: Stroke is one of the main causes of disability and mortality in Portugal. Early rehabilitation is essential to reduce complications such as spasticity, improve functionality and acilitate home reintegration. Case report: Case report based on rehabilitation nursing interventions, following the CAse REport guidelines. A home rehabilitation program was implemented for a 50-year-old client with spastic left hemiparesis. Muscle strength, spasticity and pain were assessed using validated scales such as the Modified MRC Scale and the Ashworth Scale. The intervention plan included passive and active-assisted mobilizations, transfer exercises and teaching the caregiver. There was a slight improvement in muscle strength and spasticity, but no impact on functional independence, according to the Barthel Index. Conclusions: Early intervention and continuous monitoring by a Rehabilitation Nurse Specialist were fundamental to improving muscle strength and reducing spasticity. Caregiver training played a crucial role in implementing the care plan. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 243-243 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025243 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a181 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anlly Añez Author-Name-First: Anlly Author-Name-Last: Añez Author-Name: Laura González Author-Name-First: Laura Author-Name-Last: González Author-Name: Devlin Vega Author-Name-First: Devlin Author-Name-Last: Vega Title: A case report: Spetzler Martin grade III arteriovenous malformation Abstract: Arteriovenous malformations are defined as an abnormal connection between the arteries that supply the brain tissue and the drainage veins forming a communication through a network of vessels in the brain tissue.It is presented by congenital errors in vascular morphogenesis caused by failures. Barrera (2018). This article describes a case of a 14-year-old patient with no apparent pathological history who presented with a generalized headache of a pulsatile nature without amelioration, for a period of 6 months of evolution. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 353-353 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025353 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a182 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mildred Ericka Kubatz La Madrid Author-Name-First: Mildred Ericka Author-Name-Last: Kubatz La Madrid Author-Name: Yamila Cruz Cruz Author-Name-First: Yamila Author-Name-Last: Cruz Cruz Author-Name: Jennifer Collazo Cruz Author-Name-First: Jennifer Author-Name-Last: Collazo Cruz Author-Name: Yamily Cruz Pino Author-Name-First: Yamily Author-Name-Last: Cruz Pino Author-Name: Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santivañez Author-Name-First: Jhossmar Cristians Author-Name-Last: Auza-Santivañez Author-Name: Leonel Rivero Castedo Author-Name-First: Leonel Author-Name-Last: Rivero Castedo Author-Name: Giovanni Callizaya Macedo Author-Name-First: Giovanni Author-Name-Last: Callizaya Macedo Author-Name: Roger Mamani Plata Author-Name-First: Roger Author-Name-Last: Mamani Plata Title: Multiple and bilateral renoureteral malformations. Case report and literature review Abstract: Congenital malformations constitute anomalies of structure and/or function of prenatal origin, which are often asymptomatic or cause few symptoms, but currently have a high incidence. With the aim of showing the findings detected in the imaging studies carried out, the case of a young adult with repeated mild urinary sepsis is presented, who was diagnosed with multiple and bilateral renoureteral malformations in the infertility consultation. The majority of congenital renoureteral malformations imply serious biopsychosocial problems for the patient, with the consequent impact on the psychological sphere and the social life of family members when diagnosed in the prenatal stage, so they inevitably constitute a health problem, since they contribute to fetal and infant mortality or increased morbidity in any age group. For this reason, early diagnosis is essential to guarantee appropriate behavior and quality of life. Keywords: congenital malformations; renoureteral malformations; early diagnostic; ultrasound; descending urogram; double excretory system; ureterocele; reflux vesicoureteral Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 272-272 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025272 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a183 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jorge Luis Santana Pérez Author-Name-First: Jorge Luis Author-Name-Last: Santana Pérez Author-Name: Dulvis Lianet Acosta Herrería Author-Name-First: Dulvis Lianet Author-Name-Last: Acosta Herrería Author-Name: Jorge Luis Santana León Author-Name-First: Jorge Luis Author-Name-Last: Santana León Author-Name: Ariel Sosa Remón Author-Name-First: Ariel Author-Name-Last: Sosa Remón Author-Name: Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santivañez Author-Name-First: Jhossmar Cristians Author-Name-Last: Auza-Santivañez Author-Name: Ismael Vargas Gallego Author-Name-First: Ismael Author-Name-Last: Vargas Gallego Author-Name: Jorge Márquez-Molina Author-Name-First: Jorge Author-Name-Last: Márquez-Molina Author-Name: Giovanni Callizaya Macedo Author-Name-First: Giovanni Author-Name-Last: Callizaya Macedo Title: Wünderlich syndrome. Report of two cases with different presentation modalities Abstract: Case reports: Case 1 is a male patient who presented with left lumbar pain and wanders to the emergency department. Case 2: a female patient is brought to the emergency department in hypovolemic shock. In both cases, it was decided to perform urgent surgical treatment to correct the hemorrhage due to the progressive deterioration of hemodynamics, the subsequent evolution was favorable. Relevance: Wünderlich syndrome is characterized by retropritoneal hemorrhage localized at the renal or perirenal level, which occurs sudden onset. Implications: The available evidence on this pathology is scarce because it is a little suspected medical emergency. Conclusion: Wünderlich syndrome presents relatively frequently in emergency departments and represents a diagnostic-therapeutic challenge. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 280-280 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025280 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a184 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laura Pamela Mamani Manzaneda Author-Name-First: Laura Pamela Author-Name-Last: Mamani Manzaneda Author-Name: Jose Antonio Uzeda Peredo Author-Name-First: Jose Antonio Author-Name-Last: Uzeda Peredo Author-Name: Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santivañez Author-Name-First: Jhossmar Cristians Author-Name-Last: Auza-Santivañez Author-Name: Albert Brayam Monasterios Blanco Author-Name-First: Albert Brayam Author-Name-Last: Monasterios Blanco Author-Name: Daniel Ramiro Elías Vallejos-Rejas Author-Name-First: Daniel Ramiro Author-Name-Last: Elías Vallejos-Rejas Author-Name: Camila Tassoula Egüez-Pereira Author-Name-First: Camila Tassoula Author-Name-Last: Egüez-Pereira Author-Name: Carmen Julia Salvatierra-Rocha Author-Name-First: Carmen Julia Author-Name-Last: Salvatierra-Rocha Author-Name: Marlon Carbonell González Author-Name-First: Marlon Author-Name-Last: Carbonell González Title: Puerperal eclampsia in the immediate postoperative period of cesarean section: a critical obstetric emergency Abstract: Eclampsia is a serious and potentially life-threatening complication of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, characterized by the onset of new-onset seizures (tonic-clonic, focal, or multifocal) in the absence of other identifiable neurological causes. Most cases of eclampsia manifest postpartum, with the first 48 hours being the highest risk period. Recent literature has documented the emergence of atypical forms of eclampsia, in which seizures can occur in the absence of hypertension or proteinuria. The unpredictable nature of these cases makes timely diagnosis and management difficult. A 29-year-old female patient at approximately 40.6 weeks presented to the emergency department with prodromes of labor. An obstetric ultrasound was performed, and given the diagnosis of risk of loss of fetal well-being, an emergency segmental cesarean section was performed. Approximately four hours after the cesarean section, the patient presented two generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Anticonvulsant treatment was administered, a diagnosis of puerperal eclampsia was established, and her transfer to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) was coordinated. The therapeutic plan in the ICU included an infusion of phenytoin as an anticonvulsant, antihypertensive management with alpha-methyldopa, hemodynamic support, correction of fluid and electrolyte imbalance, and empirical antibiotic therapy due to suspected urinary tract infection. Her subsequent evolution was favorable, remaining afebrile, hemodynamically stable, and without recurrence of seizures. The unusual presentation of puerperal eclampsia in the immediate postoperative period, in the initial absence of the classic diagnostic criteria of hypertension and proteinuria, is significant and of academic value. This case underscores the importance of maintaining a high level of clinical suspicion for eclampsia in the immediate postpartum period, even without prior criteria for preeclampsia. Early recognition and the timely use of magnesium sulfate are essential to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 342-342 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025342 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a185 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mildred Ericka Kubatz La Madrid Author-Name-First: Mildred Ericka Author-Name-Last: Kubatz La Madrid Author-Name: Jennifer Collazo Cruz Author-Name-First: Jennifer Author-Name-Last: Collazo Cruz Author-Name: Yamila Cruz Cruz Author-Name-First: Yamila Author-Name-Last: Cruz Cruz Author-Name: Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santivañez Author-Name-First: Jhossmar Cristians Author-Name-Last: Auza-Santivañez Author-Name: Freddy Ednildon Bautista-Vanegas Author-Name-First: Freddy Ednildon Author-Name-Last: Bautista-Vanegas Author-Name: Benito Aguirre-Cruz Author-Name-First: Benito Author-Name-Last: Aguirre-Cruz Author-Name: Ingrid Neysa Cabezas-Soliz Author-Name-First: Ingrid Neysa Author-Name-Last: Cabezas-Soliz Author-Name: Carmen Julia Salvatierra-Rocha Author-Name-First: Carmen Julia Author-Name-Last: Salvatierra-Rocha Title: Asymptomatic multiorgan cysticercosis. A case report from Bolivia Abstract: Introduction: Cysticercosis is an infectious disease caused by Taenia solium, endemic to Latin America, Asia, and Africa. It is acquired by consuming Taenia eggs in contaminated water and food, or undercooked pork. It generally causes mild or asymptomatic disease, except for neurocysticercosis, which can be severe and potentially fatal. Symptoms depend on the number of parasites, their location, and the host's immune response. Diagnosis is based on epidemiological data, clinical presentation, and imaging studies, primarily computed tomography. Objective: To use computed tomographic images to identify the degree of tissue damage caused by Taenia solium in an asymptomatic Bolivian adult. Clinical case: A 52-year-old Bolivian female patient from a rural area, with a wooden house, dirt floor, no sewage or drinking water, a housewife, who practices open defecation and raises pigs to support her household. She had a personal health history, but an inadequate diet. She was taken to the Roberto Galindo Hospital due to a traffic accident, where an emergency CT scan of the head and abdomen was performed due to direct trauma to those areas. The studies revealed calcifications in multiple organs, findings suggestive of massive cysticercosis. Conclusions: Cysticercosis is a parasitic disease transmitted fecal-orally, preventable but highly contagious from country to country due to social migration. It constitutes a serious health problem due to the biological, economic, and social damage it entails, making increased epidemiological surveillance essential. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 324-324 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025324 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a186 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Osmel Páez Arguelles Author-Name-First: Osmel Author-Name-Last: Páez Arguelles Author-Name: Elier Carrera Gonzalez Author-Name-First: Elier Author-Name-Last: Carrera Gonzalez Author-Name: Euliver Palomino Mojena Author-Name-First: Euliver Palomino Author-Name-Last: Mojena Author-Name: Jhossmar Cristians Auza Santivañez Author-Name-First: Jhossmar Cristians Author-Name-Last: Auza Santivañez Author-Name: Hedgar Berty Gutiérrez Author-Name-First: Hedgar Author-Name-Last: Berty Gutiérrez Author-Name: Henrry Temis Quisbert Vasquez Author-Name-First: Henrry Temis Author-Name-Last: Quisbert Vasquez Author-Name: Giovanni Callizaya Macedo Author-Name-First: Giovanni Author-Name-Last: Callizaya Macedo Author-Name: Edwin Cruz Choquetopa Author-Name-First: Edwin Author-Name-Last: Cruz Choquetopa Title: Human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness): a pediatric case report Abstract: Human African trypanosomiasis is caused by protozoa of the genus Trypanosoma sp. and is primarily transmitted by the bite of the tsetse fly. This report presents a pediatric case diagnosed with human African trypanosomiasis in low-incidence areas of Central Africa, diagnosed by Cuban collaborators. Case presentation: A 12-year-old patient with a medical history had traveled to an area with active cases of trypanosomiasis within the last 2 years. The patient presented with recurrent fever, general weakness, and drowsiness. Rapid diagnostic tests were positive for salmonellosis and malaria. The patient was treated with antibiotics, with no clinical improvement. The diagnosis was positive for Trypanosoma sp. by thick blood smear and staining. Clinical improvement occurred after nifurtimox-eflornithine combination therapy according to the regional protocol for Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in the second phase of infection. Clinical improvement was seen at 48 hours. Conclusions: Human African trypanosomiasis is a common infection in regions where medical assistance is provided by Cuban medical personnel. The high endemism of other infections with similar symptoms and acquired immunity favors late identification without adequate knowledge and timely clinical-epidemiological analysis. A complementary definition and specific therapeutic measures ensure a good outcome and a better prognosis. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 347-347 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025347 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a187 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ana Olivia Ramos Rodríguez Author-Name-First: Ana Olivia Author-Name-Last: Ramos Rodríguez Author-Name: Onelia Escalona Ferro Author-Name-First: Onelia Author-Name-Last: Escalona Ferro Title: Characterization of Major Geriatric Syndromes. Family Doctor's Office #32. San Cristobal Abstract: Introduction: Geriatric syndromes are a collection of conditions typically caused by the combination of diseases with a high prevalence in the elderly, and are a frequent source of functional or social disability. Objective: To characterize elderly individuals with Geriatric Syndromes, belonging to FDO 32 in San Cristobal. Method: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in adults aged 60 years and older belonging to the population of said doctor's office of the "Camilo Cienfuegos" Polyclinic, in the period between October 2021 and April 2024. The population consisted of 410 patients over 60 years of age, and the sample consisted of 296 patients with one of the major geriatric syndromes (immobility, incontinence, instability or falls, cognitive impairment, and frailty or functional decline), who met the inclusion criteria. A questionnaire was applied to identify them, as well as instruments designed to evaluate sub-variables such as depression and mental status. The data were represented in tables and graphs, processed using descriptive statistical methods, such as percentage assessment. Results: Geriatric syndromes were more frequent in the 80 to 85-year-old age group and in females. The most prevalent syndromes were instability and frailty. Regarding functional capacity in basic activities of daily living, mild dependence was the most common, and in instrumental activities of daily living, moderate dependence. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 189-189 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025189 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a188 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Francielle Paula Campos Author-Name-First: Francielle Paula Author-Name-Last: Campos Author-Name: Karina Gabriela Cavillon Author-Name-First: Karina Gabriela Author-Name-Last: Cavillon Title: Challenges in the Treatment of Melasma in Latin America Abstract: Melasma was a chronic skin condition characterised by hyperpigmented spots, mainly on the face, and most frequently affecting women with intermediate to high phototypes in tropical and subtropical regions. Intense sun exposure contributed to its appearance and chronicity, making photoprotection an essential component in its treatment. Although depigmenting agents, peels and technologies such as laser were used, protection against ultraviolet radiation and visible light was key to preventing relapses and improving clinical results. Blue-violet light, oxidative damage and chronic inflammation were identified as aggravating factors. In Latin America, cultural and economic factors and the limited availability of suitable products made it difficult to adhere to effective photoprotection. For this reason, strategies such as the use of broad-spectrum sunscreens, oral photoprotection, patient education and improved access to products were promoted, all within an interdisciplinary approach adapted to the region. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 219-219 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025219 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a189 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Micaela Ribecca Author-Name-First: Micaela Author-Name-Last: Ribecca Author-Name: José Vicente Postorivo Nauman Author-Name-First: José Vicente Author-Name-Last: Postorivo Nauman Title: Cocaine use during pregnancy and its relationship with eclampsia: an interdisciplinary approach Abstract: In Argentina, the prevalence of cocaine use among pregnant women varied according to the studies carried out and the methodologies applied. The detection of these cases was probably underestimated due to the social stigma and the lack of adequate screening tools. The ASSIST test was promoted as a method to improve the early identification of use. The use of cocaine during pregnancy was associated with an increase in the occurrence of hypertensive disorders, including preeclampsia and eclampsia. The mechanisms involved included uterine vasospasms, oxidative stress and reduced blood flow to the foetus, which led to serious consequences such as placental infarctions and premature births. Faced with this problem, the Argentine health system adopted an interdisciplinary approach, with the involvement of doctors, psychologists, social workers and other professionals. Early detection in prenatal check-ups was promoted, as well as the training of health teams. The treatment was designed to be comprehensive, including psychosocial therapies and medical support. After delivery, long-term follow-up was recommended to guarantee the well-being of the mother-child pair and prevent relapses or future consequences. This situation represented a major challenge for public health, underlining the urgency of implementing effective detection, treatment and support strategies. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 200-200 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025200 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a190 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ana Rita Frasquilho Author-Name-First: Ana Rita Author-Name-Last: Frasquilho Author-Name: Daniel Saraiva Author-Name-First: Daniel Author-Name-Last: Saraiva Author-Name: Dora Margato Author-Name-First: Dora Author-Name-Last: Margato Author-Name: Filipe Teixeira Author-Name-First: Filipe Author-Name-Last: Teixeira Author-Name: Vera Frasquilho Author-Name-First: Vera Author-Name-Last: Frasquilho Author-Name: Nelson Guerra Author-Name-First: Nelson Author-Name-Last: Guerra Author-Name: Luís Sousa Author-Name-First: Luís Author-Name-Last: Sousa Author-Name: Sandy Severino Author-Name-First: Sandy Author-Name-Last: Severino Title: Caregiver Empowerment in the Community: Health Gains and Multicultural Challenges in Rehabilitation Nursing Abstract: The Caregiver Status was legally recognized in Portugal in 2019. Portuguese aging index and elderly dependency index increased in the last three decades, which has developed burden on caregivers. The empowerment of caregivers is an essential strategy to promote health gains, which is an indicator of rehabilitation nursing care. However, the multicultural nature of Portuguese society represents a significant challenge in this process. This theoretical-reflective article aims to analyze the empowerment process of the Caregiver in a community context, their health gains and the multicultural challenges for Rehabilitation Nursing. Caregiver empowerment is carried out by a reference Nurse, preferentially at home. The intervention of the Rehabilitation Nurse Specialist is essential to provide the Caregiver with the knowledge and skills needed to ensure performance of the activities of daily living, tools for the management of chronic disease, the prevention of complications and coping strategies. The empowerment process results in health gains for the Caregiver (for example, reduction of emotional overload and improvement in quality of life) and for the Person Cared For (for example, improvement in functional capacity and less exacerbation of chronic disease). Empowerment is efficient when it is structured, continuous and culturally sensitive, combined with appropriate monitoring by a Rehabilitation Nurse Specialist, with specific competencies on cultural diversity and training methods. It’s suggested that health policies and multicultural community programs be created that facilitate the empowerment of Informal Caregivers and contribute to the sustainability of health systems. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 401-401 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025401 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a191 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carla Isabel Coelho Author-Name-First: Carla Isabel Author-Name-Last: Coelho Author-Name: Luís Sousa Author-Name-First: Luís Author-Name-Last: Sousa Author-Name: Sandy Severino Author-Name-First: Sandy Author-Name-Last: Severino Author-Name: Fátima Mendes Marques Author-Name-First: Fátima Author-Name-Last: Mendes Marques Title: Transitions theory as a framework for rehabilitation nursing for people with tracheostomy during ventilatory weaning in intensive care Abstract: Introduction: Ventilatory weaning involves moving from invasive mechanical ventilation to spontaneous ventilation. In people with tracheostomies, this process causes physical vulnerabilities (reduced respiratory function, risk of infections), psychological vulnerabilities (anxiety due to the inability to vocalize) and social vulnerabilities (isolation in the ICU, interruption of roles). Objective: To analyze the role of rehabilitation nursing care in promoting ventilatory weaning in tracheostomized individuals, through the lens of Meleis’ Transitions Theory. Methods: Theoretical review based on Meleis' Transitions Theory and recent studies, integrating evidence on the vulnerability of the person with a tracheostomy, in the process of weaning, respiratory rehabilitation strategies, mobilization, emotional support and health education. Results: The Transitions Theory guides the rehabilitation nurse towards a personalized assessment of the physical, cognitive, social and cultural conditions of the person with a tracheostomy; education adapted to the level of literacy, with respiratory exercise training; early mobilization and functional training to reduce atrophy and strengthen respiratory muscles; psychosocial and family support, promoting adequate communication, the presence of family members and coping strategies; monitoring of transition indicators, allowing dynamic adjustments to the rehabilitation nursing care plan. Conclusions: The application of the Transitions Theory enables rehabilitation nurses to plan and implement interventions centered on the person with a tracheostomy and their family, valuing vulnerability as an expression of quality of life. By monitoring process and outcome indicators, nurses anticipate barriers, strengthen trust and promote coping strategies, helping to make ventilator weaning a healthy and transformative transition. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 405-405 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025405 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a192 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lázaro Alejandro Sánchez Blanco Author-Name-First: Lázaro Alejandro Author-Name-Last: Sánchez Blanco Author-Name: Juana Mirtha Gonzales Ferrer Author-Name-First: Juana Mirtha Author-Name-Last: Gonzales Ferrer Author-Name: Favian Medero García Author-Name-First: Favian Author-Name-Last: Medero García Title: Iron Deficiency Without Anemia: A Neglected Clinical Syndrome in Internal Medicine Practice Abstract: Iron deficiency without anemia was identified as an underestimated condition in clinical practice, despite its high prevalence and impact on quality of life. Although iron has historically been linked solely to hemoglobin production, multiple studies have shown that this mineral is essential for mitochondrial, muscular, immunological, and neurological functions. Thus, patients with normal hemoglobin levels but low iron stores presented symptoms such as chronic fatigue, mild dyspnea, headaches, restless legs syndrome, tachycardia, and mild cognitive disorders. This condition was observed more frequently in young women, people with chronic inflammatory diseases, heart failure, or older adults. In these individuals, ferritin was found to be reduced or functionally inactive, making timely diagnosis difficult due to the absence of obvious anemia. The traditional approach in internal medicine, which focused only on hemoglobin, ignored this deficiency, limiting the use of effective treatments such as oral or intravenous iron supplementation. In countries such as Cuba, the need to update clinical guidelines to consider this condition as a separate entity was recognized. It was proposed to routinely include ferritin and transferrin saturation measurements in patients with nonspecific symptoms, especially in women of childbearing age and people with inflammatory comorbidities. Recognizing this deficiency led to significant diagnostic improvement and an opportunity to alleviate the functional and emotional burden on patients, highlighting the importance of modern, comprehensive, and evidence-based internal medicine. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 348-348 Volume: 4 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2025348 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v4a193 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dionis Ruiz Reyes Author-Name-First: Dionis Author-Name-Last: Ruiz Reyes Author-Name: Néstor Miguel Carvajal-Otaño Author-Name-First: Néstor Miguel Author-Name-Last: Carvajal-Otaño Author-Name: Madyaret Águila Carbelo Author-Name-First: Madyaret Author-Name-Last: Águila Carbelo Author-Name: Adriel Herrero Díaz Author-Name-First: Adriel Author-Name-Last: Herrero Díaz Author-Name: Ileana Beatriz Quiroga López Author-Name-First: Ileana Beatriz Author-Name-Last: Quiroga López Title: Gender violence: a historical, artistic, and medical-legal approach Abstract: Gender violence is defined as any act that results in or may result in physical, sexual, or psychological harm to women, including threats, coercion, or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, both in public and private life. The phenomenon of violence has afflicted humanity throughout its history. Explicit violence can be found in the world of art, where it germinates with enormous ease. In terms of gender violence, the main medico-legal action that should be taken by health centers is to issue a certificate of injury. The objective of this study was to describe the historical, artistic, psychological, and medico-legal aspects of gender violence. It was concluded that gender violence is also a health problem that requires medico-legal action and intervention, and that its image in art has been reflected in all forms of expression. Twenty-one bibliographies were consulted. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 372-372 Volume: 5 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.56294/shp2026372 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2026v5a194 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ileana Beatriz Quiroga López Author-Name-First: Ileana Beatriz Author-Name-Last: Quiroga López Author-Name: Dionis Ruiz Reyes Author-Name-First: Dionis Author-Name-Last: Ruiz Reyes Author-Name: Diana García Rodríguez Author-Name-First: Diana Author-Name-Last: García Rodríguez Author-Name: Madyaret Águila Carbelo Author-Name-First: Madyaret Author-Name-Last: Águila Carbelo Author-Name: Adriel Herrero Díaz Author-Name-First: Adriel Author-Name-Last: Herrero Díaz Title: Fanconi Anemia: a lethal genetic challenge with therapeutic hope Abstract: Introduction: Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder characterized by genomic instability, congenital malformations, and progressive bone marrow failure. It presents a high predisposition to hematologic malignancies and solid tumors, making it a significant clinical and social concern. Aim: To comprehensively characterize the clinical progression, diagnosis, and treatment of Fanconi anemia through an updated literature review. Methods: A narrative review was conducted using 24 documents; including articles, clinical guidelines, and specialized manuals were reviewed, focusing on recent and relevant data on FA's diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment. Results: FA results from mutations in over 22 genes affecting the DNA repair pathway. Diagnosis is confirmed by chromosomal breakage tests using diepoxybutane or mitomycin C. Clinically, it presents with pancytopenia, multiple congenital anomalies, and cancer predisposition. The most effective treatment is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, although supportive therapies like androgens and growth factors are also used. Lifelong multidisciplinary follow-up is essential to improve life quality and expectancy. Conclusions: Fanconi anemia is a severe and complex genetic disease. Prognosis has improved significantly due to advances in hematopoietic transplantation. Early diagnosis, interdisciplinary management, and continuous follow-up are key to optimizing clinical outcomes. Establishing regional disease registries is urgently needed to enhance care and research in Latin America. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 390-390 Volume: 5 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.56294/shp2026390 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2026v5a195 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yuly Andrea Menéndez Sequeda Author-Name-First: Yuly Andrea Author-Name-Last: Menéndez Sequeda Author-Name: María Alejandra Rojas Valencia Author-Name-First: María Alejandra Author-Name-Last: Rojas Valencia Author-Name: Andrea Carolina Noches Osorio Author-Name-First: Andrea Carolina Author-Name-Last: Noches Osorio Author-Name: David Andrés Ordoñez Rúales Author-Name-First: David Andrés Author-Name-Last: Ordoñez Rúales Author-Name: Maria Andreina Pulido Montes Author-Name-First: Maria Andreina Author-Name-Last: Pulido Montes Author-Name: Elveny Laguado Jaimes Author-Name-First: Elveny Author-Name-Last: Laguado Jaimes Title: Self-efficacy and its sociodemographic factors in nursing students at a South American higher education institution Abstract: Introduction: Self-efficacy, understood as the belief in one's own ability to face and overcome challenges, plays a fundamental role in the academic performance and personal well-being of university students, especially in areas such as nursing that demand high levels of commitment and resilience. Identifying the level of self-efficacy and its relationship with sociodemographic factors allows for a better understanding of students' needs and strengths, as well as guiding effective educational interventions. Objective: To determine the level of self-efficacy of nursing students and its sociodemographic factors. Methodology: This is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study with 270 students who completed a sociodemographic form and the Generalised Self-Efficacy Scale developed by Jerusalem M & Schwarzer R (1981). Participants were included using a simple random stratified method. A descriptive analysis was performed. The variables on the quantitative measurement scale are described as absolute and relative frequencies together with their 95% confidence intervals. To verify the distribution of the variables, the Shapiro-Will test was used. Results: The participants had an average age of 22, 81% were women, 53% of the students surveyed had a high level of self-efficacy, and only 4% had a low level of self-efficacy. Conclusions: Having a high level of self-efficacy is a strong predictor of academic success. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 387-387 Volume: 5 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.56294/shp2026387 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2026v5a196 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Geraldine J. Barrios Fragozo Author-Name-First: Geraldine J. Author-Name-Last: Barrios Fragozo Author-Name: Laura María Almeida Rueda Author-Name-First: Laura María Author-Name-Last: Almeida Rueda Author-Name: Maria Andreina Pulido Montes Author-Name-First: Maria Andreina Author-Name-Last: Pulido Montes Title: Psychosocial and mental health interventions developed by health professionals Abstract: Introduction: Psychosocial interventions in mental health are becoming increasingly important in protecting patients' mental health, as these tools are an easy, safe and effective way to prevent and treat mental health disorders in individuals. Objective: To identify from the scientific literature the psychosocial and mental health interventions developed by health professionals.Methodology: Narrative review through searches in databases provided by the Cooperative University of Colombia, such as BVS and Taylor & Francis, and in search engines such as SciELO and Google Scholar, where 30 scientific articles in English and Spanish were identified, taking into account the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: Participants were identified between 35 weeks of gestation and 76 years of age, with a predominance of the 30-60 age group. Likewise, it was established that the predominant type of diagnosis or history in 30% of cases was people with some type of psychopathology. It was established that 63% of the articles analysed included interventions that sought to use a single method to cover mental health promotion, mental disorder prevention and mental illness treatment. Similarly, 44% of the interventions carried out were music therapy, and the health professionals who were most actively involved in the application of the interventions were nurses and psychologists.Conclusions. This research is of great importance for human talent in health, as this narrative review identified psychosocial interventions that are effective in improving the mental health of individuals, families and groups. Among these interventions, music therapy, auriculotherapy and aromatherapy stood out, among others that had positive effects on participants. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 389-389 Volume: 5 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.56294/shp2026389 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2026v5a197 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cecilia Melisa Delgado Author-Name-First: Cecilia Melisa Author-Name-Last: Delgado Author-Name: Jessica Gabriela Huamacto-Rivera Author-Name-First: Jessica Gabriela Author-Name-Last: Huamacto-Rivera Author-Name: Jenny Rosemary Geisse Vyhmeister Author-Name-First: Jenny Rosemary Author-Name-Last: Geisse Vyhmeister Author-Name: Carlos Jesús Canova-Barrios Author-Name-First: Carlos Jesús Author-Name-Last: Canova-Barrios Title: Prevalence of risk factors for Type II Diabetes Mellitus in the inhabitants of Parque Chacabuco, Buenos Aires, Argentina Abstract: Objective: To determine the prevalence of risk factors for the development of type II Diabetes Mellitus in a sample of adults aged 18 to 60 years in the Parque Chacabuco neighborhood of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires during the period from August to September 2024. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional, and quantitative study. The FINDRISK survey was used to evaluate the prevalence of risk factor for type II Diabetes Mellitus. Results: 71 individuals were enrolled. 35.21% percent of the sample was between the ages of 18 and 34, 64.79% were female, 71.83% were unmarried, 90.14% were employed, and 45.07% were working under a dependency relationship. According to the FINDRISK Scale, 49.30% of the participants were overweight, 61.97% had a family history of Diabetes, 57.75% were sedentary, 23.97% had a low consumption of fruits and vegetables, 1.41% were hypertensive, and 45.07% had a low risk (<7 points) of developing type II Diabetes Mellitus. Conclusions: This study underscores the significance of recognizing risk factors for Type II Diabetes Mellitus in the Parque Chacabuco neighborhood, including a sedentary lifestyle, overweight, and family history. Obesity and lack of physical activity persist as salient concerns. The FINDRISK Scale identified 11% and 4% of the population at moderate and high risk, respectively, highlighting the need for preventive strategies. Type II Diabetes Mellitus is a condition that can be prevented through lifestyle modifications, including improvements in diet and increased physical activity. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 371-371 Volume: 5 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.56294/shp2026371 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2026v5a198 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tiffanny Solansh Pezo-Fasanando Author-Name-First: Tiffanny Solansh Author-Name-Last: Pezo-Fasanando Title: Academic stress factors and associated symptoms in nursing students Abstract: Introduction: Academic stress is a recurring phenomenon among university students, especially in demanding programs such as Nursing. It can trigger a range of physical, psychological, and behavioral symptoms that affect students' academic performance and mental health. Objective: To determine the relationship between academic stress factors and associated symptoms in nursing students at the National University of San Martín during the 2022-I academic semester. Methods: A basic, quantitative, descriptive-correlational study with a non-experimental cross-sectional design was conducted. The population consisted of 355 students, from which a sample of 183 was selected using simple random sampling. Two previously validated questionnaires were administered: the Academic Stressors Scale (ECEA) and the Questionnaire on Reactions to Stressful Stimuli. Results: The main stress factors identified were methodological deficiencies of the teaching staff, exams, and student overload. At the symptom level, average levels predominated for physical symptoms (43.2%) and psychological symptoms (53.5%), while low levels predominated for behavioral symptoms (55.2%). A significant correlation was found between academic stress factors and physical (r = 0.513), psychological (r = 0.584), and behavioral (r = 0.514) symptoms. Conclusions: There is a direct and significant relationship between academic stress factors and associated symptoms, highlighting the need to implement institutional strategies to prevent stress and promote student well-being. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 375-375 Volume: 5 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.56294/shp2026375 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2026v5a199 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bill Percy García-Isuiza Author-Name-First: Bill Percy Author-Name-Last: García-Isuiza Title: Quality of life and oral hygiene habits in schoolchildren aged 11 to 14 Abstract: Introduction: Oral diseases affect the quality of life of schoolchildren, especially during the transition period between childhood and adolescence. Objective: To determine the relationship between quality of life and oral hygiene habits in schoolchildren aged 11 to 14. Methods: A basic, quantitative, correlational study with a non-experimental cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 237 schoolchildren selected by simple random probability sampling from a population of 618 students. Two validated questionnaires were administered: the CPQ-Esp 11-14 to measure oral quality of life and a structured questionnaire to assess oral hygiene habits. Data analysis was performed in SPSS v. 26 using descriptive statistics using the Spearman coefficient and the Chi-square test. Results: A low positive correlation was found between quality of life and oral hygiene habits (rho = 0.281; p < 0.01). A significant relationship was also found between both variables and the age and sex of the schoolchildren (p < 0.05). "Low" quality of life and "fair" hygiene habits predominated. Conclusions: There is a significant relationship between quality of life and oral hygiene habits, suggesting the need to strengthen educational strategies in oral health from school age. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 374-374 Volume: 5 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.56294/shp2026374 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2026v5a200 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Allison Alvarez-Tello Author-Name-First: Allison Author-Name-Last: Alvarez-Tello Author-Name: Lesly Abigail Cayo-Fernández Author-Name-First: Lesly Abigail Author-Name-Last: Cayo-Fernández Title: Quality of care and satisfaction of users attended by interns of the Growth and Development Control area Abstract: Introduction: The quality of healthcare is a key factor in ensuring user satisfaction, especially in services targeting early childhood, such as the Growth and Development Monitoring area. However, few studies evaluate the care provided by nursing interns in this context. Methods: A basic study was conducted with a quantitative approach, a non-experimental design, and a descriptive-correlational level. The population consisted of 850 mothers of children under five years of age cared for by interns in the CRED area. Simple random probability sampling was applied, obtaining a sample of 265 participants. Two validated questionnaires were used: one based on the Donabedian model to measure the quality of care and another adapted from SERVQUAL to assess satisfaction. Data were analyzed in SPSS v. 26 using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: 100% of the users perceived a high level of quality in the human and environmental dimensions, while 89.8% did so in the technical dimension. Regarding satisfaction, 100% reported a high level of reliability and responsiveness, and 99.6% reported a high level of empathy. A positive and significant correlation was identified between the quality of care and satisfaction (r = 0.211; p = 0.001). Conclusions: It was concluded that the quality of care provided by nursing interns was positively related to user satisfaction, demonstrating good training performance in real-life healthcare settings. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 376-376 Volume: 5 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.56294/shp2026376 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2026v5a201 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Talia Batista Villar Author-Name-First: Talia Author-Name-Last: Batista Villar Author-Name: Lisday Breto García Author-Name-First: Lisday Author-Name-Last: Breto García Author-Name: Caridad Díaz Díaz Author-Name-First: Caridad Author-Name-Last: Díaz Díaz Author-Name: Yusimi Girao Silva Author-Name-First: Yusimi Author-Name-Last: Girao Silva Author-Name: Israel Gámez García Author-Name-First: Israel Author-Name-Last: Gámez García Title: Educational strategy to elevate knowledge has more than enough syndrome of the vaginal flow in pregnant Abstract: Introduction: in the pregnant ones the syndrome of vaginal flow is excellent because the risk of obstetric complications increases because it favors the development of upward infections in the vaginal channel, the uterus and the annexes that increase the risk of complications and the mortality perinatal, elevating the costs of the attention in health. Objective: to evaluate a strategy of educational intervention on the syndrome of vaginal flow in pregnant of area of health Villa 2, belonging to the Policlínico September 5, Consolation of the South in the period of January of the 2023 to December of the 2024. Method: was he/she carried out an observational, analytic, and longitudinal study, of type intervention, universe constituted by 35 pregnant, selecting for sampling non probabilístico 27 pregnant, was the investigation developed in three stages, a diagnóstica, is the intervention strategy designed, then it is applied and does it evaluate, were methods statistical dice used in absolute frequency and the percentage value as measure units, the statistical inferencial the test of McNemar, took like a significant difference when the value of p was? 0.05. results: In a general way the sample was characterized to have 62.9 gestantes% with ages between 21 and 35 years and 51.8% of pregnant with secondary school level. The level of knowledge on the sintomatología of the syndrome of vaginal flow in the gestante, as well as the factors of risk and the complications of the vaginal affection, it was able to modify with the educational intervention in a significant way. Conclusions: the carried out educational intervention was effective, since it was able to elevate the level of knowledge on the syndrome of vaginal flow, in the gestantes included in the study. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 380-380 Volume: 5 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.56294/shp2026380 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2026v5a202 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lisbel Garzón Cutiño Author-Name-First: Lisbel Author-Name-Last: Garzón Cutiño Author-Name: Maytee Olivera Vega Author-Name-First: Maytee Author-Name-Last: Olivera Vega Author-Name: Deborah Cabrera Rodríguez Author-Name-First: Deborah Author-Name-Last: Cabrera Rodríguez Title: Impact of neurological complications on subarachnoid hemorrhage Abstract: Introduction: Subarchnoid hemorrhage (SAH) constitutes a severe neurological emergency associated with high morbidity and mortality. Represents 5% of strokes. Its forecast varies according to its etiology, initial severity snd appearance of secondary complications. Aim: Characterize the epidemiological and clinical profile of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage at the Dr. Miguel Enríquez hospital. Methods: an observacional, descriptive and retrospective study was carried out at the Dr. Miguel Enriquez Surgical Hospital from January 2022 to December 2024. The qualitative variables were summarized in absolute frequencies and percentages. The quantitative variables in mean and standard deviation. To evaluate the association between qualitative variables, Fisher's exact test was applied. Results: a total of 67 patients with a diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage were evaluated. The average age was 59 years (SD= 18.2). The average of the Glasgow scale in the sample studied was 11.2 (SD= 4.87). Seizures (31.3%) predominated. The most frequent non – neurological complication was bacterial bronchopneumonia (49.3%). The analysis of the association between mortality and neurological complications revealed that the rebleeding (p< 0.001) and the severe Glasgow (p< 0.001) presented a statistically significant relationship with a higher risk of mortality. Conclusions: the identification of factors associated with mortality is key and allows to prioritize early evaluation strategies aimed at the prevention of complications. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 370-370 Volume: 5 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.56294/shp2026370 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2026v5a203 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juan Miguel Santaya Labrador Author-Name-First: Juan Miguel Author-Name-Last: Santaya Labrador Author-Name: Olga Lidia Perojo López Author-Name-First: Olga Lidia Author-Name-Last: Perojo López Title: Information architecture for process management at the UCM Pinar del Río Student Residence Abstract: Information management is key to knowledge management and innovation processes and extremely important for decision-making and process improvement, hence its importance in educational centres. As part of universities, university residences are centres that provide accommodation for university students. Their aim is to provide the university community with basic comfort and the necessary facilities to enhance their studies and work, playing an important role in the educational, political and ideological work of their members. This generates a large amount of information, the readability, security and maintenance of which is not always possible. Therefore, the objective is to develop the information architecture for process management in the UCM Pinar del Río Student Residence. The technological innovation research was carried out following the software development methodology for Extreme Programming and applying theoretical and empirical methods for the analysis, review and modelling of the processes to be computerised. As a result, all objects were designed with their respective attributes, which made it possible to bring together all the information handled in the residence. In general, a computer prototype was developed that will allow all information related to control in the student residence of the University of Medical Sciences to be grouped together, thus providing consultation services in a fast and efficient manner. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 369-369 Volume: 5 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.56294/shp2026369 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2026v5a204 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zuzel Salazar Duany Author-Name-First: Zuzel Author-Name-Last: Salazar Duany Author-Name: Tamara Torres Fernández Author-Name-First: Tamara Author-Name-Last: Torres Fernández Author-Name: Yoandra Muro Valle Author-Name-First: Yoandra Author-Name-Last: Muro Valle Author-Name: Jaquelin Virginia Junco Arevalo Author-Name-First: Jaquelin Virginia Author-Name-Last: Junco Arevalo Author-Name: Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santivañez Author-Name-First: Jhossmar Cristians Author-Name-Last: Auza-Santivañez Title: International Accreditation by the International Evaluation and Accreditation Council (CEAI) of the Union of Universities of Latin America and the Caribbean (UDUALC) at the Latin American School of Medicine. Analysis of a transformative institutional experience Abstract: The outcome of the evaluation process for Institutional and Medical School Accreditation in 2024 is the fruit of a broad and inclusive exercise of consultation, preparation, and organization of evidence in accordance with the guidelines established by the International Evaluation and Accreditation Council (CEAI) belonging to the Union of Universities of Latin America and the Caribbean (UDULC). This process demonstrated the talent, commitment, and rich diversity of the university community, whose capacity, dedication, and enthusiasm proved up to the challenges of these times. The process began in 2022 and involved all medical sciences university campuses in the country. The objective of the work was to highlight the experience gained by all work teams in compiling self-assessment reports for the institution and the school, as well as the impact achieved in driving medical universities throughout the country to achieve this status. ELAM's international accreditation was the result of a strategic decision in response to the challenges its graduates faced regarding professional and employment recognition in their countries of origin. Supported by previous achievements of excellence at the national level, the institution demonstrated a solid foundation that was strengthened with the technical support of the CEAI, allowing for rigorous planning consistent with international standards. The ethics, experience, and respect of the peer reviewers, both virtual and in-person, transformed each moment into an opportunity for mutual learning and growth. This process not only highlights the institution's merits but also paves the way for international recognition of degrees and credits, promoting academic mobility and fostering continuous improvement. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 238-238 Volume: 5 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.56294/shp2026238 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2026v5a205 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sandra López Berrio Author-Name-First: Sandra Author-Name-Last: López Berrio Author-Name: Yaima García Milera Author-Name-First: Yaima Author-Name-Last: García Milera Author-Name: Yuliet Calaña Domínguez Author-Name-First: Yuliet Author-Name-Last: Calaña Domínguez Author-Name: Tania Colome González Author-Name-First: Tania Author-Name-Last: Colome González Author-Name: Adriel Herrero Díaz Author-Name-First: Adriel Author-Name-Last: Herrero Díaz Title: Antimicrobial resistance and a versatile pathogen in the spotlight Abstract: Introduction: antimicrobial resistance is an emerging global phenomenon and is one of the most serious health problems today. The irrational use of antimicrobials has led to the early emergence of resistance mechanisms. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the pathogens classified as high priority for research and development plans for new antimicrobials due to its incidence causing infections with a high impact on health. Objective: to carry out an updated review of the problem of antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus, at a global and national level since the discovery of antibiotics, related factors and mechanisms. Methods: a literature search was carried out in different databases such as Pubmed, SciELO, Science Direct, Google Scholar, MEDLINE and on the PAHO/WHO websites on the topics of microbial resistance and use of antimicrobials. Original and review articles published between 1998 and 2024 were consulted. Results: the information collected on the topics was analyzed and argued review objects carried out under an integrative approach. What is happening in Cuba was also explained. Conclusions: The reproduction power of bacteria is faster than the speed of research and development. Faced with the difficult battle against bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, given the development of new resistance mechanisms to eliminate the clinical effectiveness of antibiotics, the necessary measures must be adopted to stop the development of bacterial resistance. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 367-367 Volume: 5 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.56294/shp2026367 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2025v5a206 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carlos Rafael Araujo Inastrilla Author-Name-First: Carlos Rafael Author-Name-Last: Araujo Inastrilla Author-Name: Yanetsi García Savón Author-Name-First: Yanetsi Author-Name-Last: García Savón Author-Name: Daniel José Olazabal Guerra Author-Name-First: Daniel José Author-Name-Last: Olazabal Guerra Author-Name: Mayelin Llosa Santana Author-Name-First: Mayelin Author-Name-Last: Llosa Santana Author-Name: Dayami Gutiérrez Vera Author-Name-First: Dayami Author-Name-Last: Gutiérrez Vera Title: Technological and Project-Based Learning Models for the Development of Informational Skills Abstract: This study systematizes theoretical and empirical evidence on the integration of technological models and Project-Based Learning (PBL) in higher education, analyzing their impact on the development of informational skills. Through a review, key principles for effective implementation were identified: analogical deduction, logical consistency, systemic character, and operational simplicity. The results reveal that technology-enhanced PBL significantly improves critical thinking, collaboration, and information management. However, contextual gaps persist, underscoring the need for local adaptations. The study proposes an action framework for educators and highlights the urgency of integrating AI tools into PBL methodologies to address scalability challenges. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 366-366 Volume: 5 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.56294/shp2026366 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2026v5a207 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sergio Alberto Díaz Cruz Author-Name-First: Sergio Alberto Author-Name-Last: Díaz Cruz Author-Name: Talia Batista Villar Author-Name-First: Talia Author-Name-Last: Batista Villar Author-Name: Yanely Sánchez Rodríguez Author-Name-First: Yanely Author-Name-Last: Sánchez Rodríguez Author-Name: José Luis Fernández González Author-Name-First: José Luis Author-Name-Last: Fernández González Author-Name: Eduardo Delgado Alvarez Author-Name-First: Eduardo Author-Name-Last: Delgado Alvarez Title: Educational intervention on arterial hypertension in bigger adults Abstract: Introduction: the arterial hypertension is an illness of high prevalencia at world level, often with serious consequences for the life of people that you/they suffer it. Objective: to apply an educational intervention on arterial hypertension in adults bigger than the Clinic Not. 58, First Policlínico of January, Consolation of the South, period 2022-2024. Method: I study descriptive, longitudinal of educational intervention. Universe: adults bigger dispensarizados of the clinic 58 (N=215). it Shows: intentional non probabilística (n=140), theoretical, empiric methods were used and I eat statistical measures the absolute and percentage frequencies. Results: the 70-79 year-old group prevailed (46.4%), feminine sex (60%), level preuniversitario (42.9%), active ocupacionalmente (62.1%). they Prevailed patient with more than 15 years diagnosed hipertensos (44.3%), not controlled HTA (55.7%), non-adherence to the treatment (52.9%), of pharmacological type (87.9%) and I consummate of more than a fármaco hipotensor (72.1%). The most frequent comorbilidades was the illnesses of the heart (68.6%) and diabetes mellitus (47.9%). more than half of the sample it presented factors of risk associated to the arterial hypertension prevailing the comorbilidades (98.6%) and cardiovascular risk (75%). The initial knowledge on the thematic one were low (84.3%) and they were increased after having applied the strategy (87.1%). Conclusions: The adults bigger than the feminine sex presented bigger bias to hypertension descontrolada, not very healthy lifestyles and cardiovascular risk that you/they threaten their quality of life. With the applied educational intervention, the level of knowledge rose it has more than enough arterial hypertension. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 381-381 Volume: 5 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.56294/shp2026381 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2026v5a208 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yanet Ortega Dugrot Author-Name-First: Yanet Author-Name-Last: Ortega Dugrot Author-Name: Juliet Suárez Oceguera Author-Name-First: Juliet Author-Name-Last: Suárez Oceguera Author-Name: Susana Solís Solís Author-Name-First: Susana Author-Name-Last: Solís Solís Author-Name: Osmany Alonso Ayala Author-Name-First: Osmany Author-Name-Last: Alonso Ayala Author-Name: Daimarelis Guerra del Valle Author-Name-First: Daimarelis Author-Name-Last: Guerra del Valle Author-Name: Jacqueline Fidelina Valdivieso Romero Author-Name-First: Jacqueline Fidelina Author-Name-Last: Valdivieso Romero Title: Content validity for the identification of occupational and ergonomic risks in the management of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Abstract: Introduction: The team of professionals involved in the management of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography experiences occupational and ergonomic risks, for which validation instruments are required to facilitate the identification of these risks, in order to prevent occupational diseases. Objective: To validate the instruments for identifying occupational and ergonomic risks in the management of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, using statistical methods of competence coefficient, Aiken's V and calculation of confidence intervals. Methods: Content validity was assessed using expert criteria based on Aiken's V. The study was conducted from February to April 2025. The experts' competency coefficient was taken into account. Content validation was performed using Aiken's V and its confidence intervals. Results: The instrument was comprehensively validated, with a score of 0.98 for occupational hazards (98.21%), while the ergonomic hazards instrument validation yielded an overall score of 0.99 for 98.93%, which is considered good, above 75%. The confidence intervals confirm the study's validity. Conclusions: Content validation was performed, which favors reliable research results. Specialist suggestions were taken into account based on the clarity and comprehension of the occupational risk instrument. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 391-391 Volume: 5 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.56294/shp2026391 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2026v5a209 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dariel Marín-González Author-Name-First: Dariel Author-Name-Last: Marín-González Title: Characterization of the families belonging to the medical clinic 56 of the municipality Guantánamo Abstract: Introduction: in the context of the medical practice, the deep understanding of the family dynamics and their influence in the individual health is fundamental to offer an integral and effective attention. The families don't only act as support units, but rather they play a crucial part in the prevention of illnesses, the handling of conditions of health and the promotion of healthy lifestyles. Objective: to characterize to the families of the Medical Clinic of the Family 56 belonging to the Basic Group of Work 3 of the Policlinic Asdrúbal López Vázquez during the period January - March of the 2024. Methods: he/she was carried out a descriptive, observational study and of traverse court. The universe was constituted by all the families of that clinic and it was selected like sample the 30 families assigned to the medicine students in the third semester like part of the Own Course III of the subject Prevention in Health. Results: the families of the CMF 56 are characterized by bigger females representation and unemployed, equally a prevalence of nuclear, medium families exists and in the stage of extension of the vital cycle, the most present crisis was for dismemberment. Conclusions: the identified characteristics allowed to give to light the main problems of health in the families. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 393-393 Volume: 5 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.56294/shp2026393 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2026v5a210 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sergio Alberto Díaz Cruz Author-Name-First: Sergio Alberto Author-Name-Last: Díaz Cruz Author-Name: Talia Batista Villar Author-Name-First: Talia Author-Name-Last: Batista Villar Author-Name: Doraimys Valido-Valdes Author-Name-First: Doraimys Author-Name-Last: Valido-Valdes Author-Name: Ymirsys Núñez Núñez Author-Name-First: Ymirsys Author-Name-Last: Núñez Núñez Author-Name: José Luis Fernández González Author-Name-First: José Luis Author-Name-Last: Fernández González Title: Factors that impact in the answer of the ulcers from the diabetic foot to the Heberprot-P®. Abstract: Introduction: the diabetes mellitus constitutes a problem of health to world scale for its growing incidence and for its complications, mainly associated to the vascular damage that you/they usually present, as the ulcer of diabetic foot that can take to the amputation and discapacidad. Objective: to identify the factors that impact in the answer of the ulcers from the diabetic foot to the Heberprot-P® in patient belonging to the policlínico September 5, Consolation of the South, Pinegrove of the River, in the period of January 2022 and January of the 2024. Method: he/she was carried out an observational, analytic, and traverse study. The universe was represented by all the diabetic patients (n=1875) belonging to the selected policlínico and the sample for those with ulcer of the diabetic foot, treaties with Heberprot-P®. (n=28). the theoretical, empiric and statistical methods were used. Results: the patients prevailed with more than 70 years (64.2%), feminine sex (65.3%) and white color of the skin (71%). The arterial hypertension (56.3%) and the obesity (8.6%) they are the observed pathological antecedents. The most frequent localization in the ulcers was the region metatarsiana (28.57%), 60.7% of these lesions healed before the 3 months. the time of cure of the lesion showed statistical relationship with the presence of obesity, tabaquismo and an inadequate feeding and the biggest age. Conclusions: the age, obesity, the tabaquismo and the alimentary habits were factors that impacted in the answer of the ulcers from the diabetic foot to the Heberprot-P®. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 382-382 Volume: 5 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.56294/shp2026382 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2026v5a211 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Julisabel Pérez Clermont Author-Name-First: Julisabel Author-Name-Last: Pérez Clermont Author-Name: Estela Hernández-Runque Author-Name-First: Estela Author-Name-Last: Hernández-Runque Title: Integration of epidemiological surveillance into the institutional preventive culture: Case study in a Venezuelan military component Abstract: The present study aimed to: Analyze epidemiological surveillance as an action strategy for the prevention of accidents and occupational diseases in a Venezuelan military component. A study was conducted, framed in the quantitative, field, non-experimental and descriptive paradigm. The sample consisted of 101 military workers from the military component. The survey was used as a data collection technique and the self-administered questionnaire as an instrument. The research was carried out in four phases. The data was analyzed from descriptive statistics, being ordered, classified, tabulated and presented in percentage graphs of columns grouped in 3D. As a result, it was obtained that the representation of 50% of a proportion of military workers considers that they are exposed to risks in the work environment; also, 60% indicates that they never or almost never have adequate breaks. In conclusion, it was shown that there are no permanent medical care controls, in addition to the fact that there is no epidemiological program, so the application of a coherent and structured epidemiological surveillance system was recommended, which carries out continuous monitoring of existing risks, through the application of preventive action strategies. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 359-359 Volume: 5 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.56294/shp2026359 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2026v5a212 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bernardo Ricardo Pérez Barrero Author-Name-First: Bernardo Ricardo Author-Name-Last: Pérez Barrero Author-Name: Clara Ortiz Moncada Author-Name-First: Clara Author-Name-Last: Ortiz Moncada Author-Name: Jacquelin Hernández Seguén Author-Name-First: Jacquelin Author-Name-Last: Hernández Seguén Author-Name: Walkyria del Carmen González Rodríguez Author-Name-First: Walkyria del Carmen Author-Name-Last: González Rodríguez Title: Prevalence of chronic periodontitis according to the new 2018 classification Abstract: Introduction: Periodontitis constitutes an important public health problem due to its high prevalence, and the new 2018 classification aims to establish adequate criteria and timely treatments. Objective: To determine the prevalence of chronic periodontitis, according to the new 2018 classification. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the "Martyrs del Moncada" Provincial Teaching Dental Clinic in Santiago de Cuba, between January 2021 and May 2022. The universe consisted of 462 patients, who had at least six functional teeth and who gave their consent to participate in the study. The variables used were age, sex, prevalence of chronic periodontitis, stages, extension and degrees of progression of the disease, obtained from the individual periodontal medical history and then entered into a data form. Descriptive statistical tables of absolute and relative frequencies were created; as well as the chi-square statistical test with a significance level of 0,05. Results: There was a predominance of females (52,2 %) and the 35- to 59-year-old age group (65,4 %). Chronic periodontitis prevailed in 66,0 % of the patients studied, as well as stage II (38,7 %), localized type (81,3 %), and grade B or moderate disease progression in 68,9 %. Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of moderate chronic periodontitis according to the new 2018 classification, significantly characterized by stage II, localized type, and with a risk of moderate or grade B disease progression. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 357-357 Volume: 5 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.56294/shp2026357 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2026v5a213 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alexander Ochoa Agüero Author-Name-First: Alexander Author-Name-Last: Ochoa Agüero Author-Name: Lidisbeth Cardoso Camejo Author-Name-First: Lidisbeth Author-Name-Last: Cardoso Camejo Author-Name: Vanessa Panesso Patiño Author-Name-First: Vanessa Author-Name-Last: Panesso Patiño Author-Name: Zuzel Salazar Duany Author-Name-First: Zuzel Author-Name-Last: Salazar Duany Author-Name: Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santivañez Author-Name-First: Jhossmar Cristians Author-Name-Last: Auza-Santivañez Title: Performance of the virtual tutor in the comprehensive medicine discipline at the latin american school of medicine Abstract: Introduction. There is growing interest in the study of tutoring work and the relevance of virtual tutor performance. Objective. To characterize the initial state of virtual tutor performance in the General Medicine discipline at the Latin American School of Medicine. Methods. An observational study was conducted during the years 2020-2022. It included 31 professors from the Comprehensive General Medicine Department. Theoretical inquiries were conducted through documentary analysis, logical history, and systematization. Empirical inquiries included document review, surveys, and performance observation. Results. The diagnosis confirmed a low level of virtual tutor performance. The availability of the institution's Virtual Campus online was recognized as a potential benefit, and limitations in the virtual tutor's mastery of functions were identified as problems. Conclusion. The study allowed for the characterization of the initial state of virtual tutor performance in the General Medicine discipline, the results of which revealed a low level of performance. The most significant aspect of the research was the recognition of potential and identified problems, serving as a starting point for the rationale, organization, and evaluation of a professionalization program. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 345-345 Volume: 5 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.56294/shp2026345 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2026v5a214 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ileana Beatriz Quiroga López Author-Name-First: Ileana Beatriz Author-Name-Last: Quiroga López Author-Name: Dionis Ruiz Reyes Author-Name-First: Dionis Author-Name-Last: Ruiz Reyes Author-Name: Diana García Rodríguez Author-Name-First: Diana Author-Name-Last: García Rodríguez Author-Name: Madyaret Águila Carbelo Author-Name-First: Madyaret Author-Name-Last: Águila Carbelo Author-Name: Adriel Herrero Díaz Author-Name-First: Adriel Author-Name-Last: Herrero Díaz Title: Pathophysiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Abstract: Introduction: Neurodegenerative diseases are hereditary or acquired pathologies that cause progressive dysfunction of the central nervous system. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is the most important of the degenerative diseases that can affect motor neurons. The disease is inexorably progressive and leads to death by respiratory paralysis. Objective: To characterize the evolution and general features of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Materials and methods: A search was conducted in Medline, Pubmed, and Google Scholar, limited to Spanish and English, and documents published mainly in the last five years were selected. However, due to their interest, several papers prior to the established time limit were included. Sixteen papers were included in the review, representing a 62.5% update. Development: In most patients, risk factors for this disease cannot be identified. Symptoms generally do not appear until after the age of 50. In diagnosing this disease, the neurologist must perform a clinical examination and a series of tests to rule out other diseases that mimic ALS. Although there is no cure, the symptoms can be treated to seek the best possible quality of life. Conclusions: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis affects adults of any race or ethnicity. When the muscles of the diaphragm and chest wall fail, breathing becomes impossible without the aid of artificial ventilation. Treatment should be multidisciplinary, offering all patients the opportunity to receive riluzole. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 385-385 Volume: 5 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.56294/shp2026385 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2026v5a215 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dionis Ruiz Reyes Author-Name-First: Dionis Author-Name-Last: Ruiz Reyes Author-Name: Néstor Miguel Carvajal-Otaño Author-Name-First: Néstor Miguel Author-Name-Last: Carvajal-Otaño Author-Name: Madyaret Águila Carbelo Author-Name-First: Madyaret Author-Name-Last: Águila Carbelo Author-Name: Adriel Herrero Díaz Author-Name-First: Adriel Author-Name-Last: Herrero Díaz Author-Name: Ileana Beatriz Quiroga López Author-Name-First: Ileana Beatriz Author-Name-Last: Quiroga López Title: Maternity: science, art and history Abstract: Introduction: Maternity is not only a natural fact, it is also a multi-determined cultural construction, defined and organized by norms that arise from the needs of a specific social group and from a defined period of its history. Women are considered as historical beings and a source of inspiration for artists and creators through motherhood. Objective: Characterize the impact of motherhood in science, history and art. Methods: A literature review was conducted by consulting original articles, case reports, and open access systematic reviews in peer-reviewed academic journals from the last 5 years. Search terms include motherhood, science, art, and history, as well as their English translations. Results: From a biological perspective, the mother is the living being that assumes this condition from the moment of fertilization. From a cultural perspective, it constitutes an essential element in the upbringing of individuals, as well as in the constitution of the family institution. Conclusions: It was concluded that it is necessary to emphasize that motherhood and upbringing should be the subject of a renewed and constant psychosocial study that does not ignore that they will always be closely related to the different conceptions of children, social class, customs and social, historical and cultural norms. This concept has been the central axis of multiple artistic creations where the feminist art movement stands out. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 394-394 Volume: 5 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.56294/shp2026394 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2026v5a216 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yuly Andrea Menéndez Sequeda Author-Name-First: Yuly Andrea Author-Name-Last: Menéndez Sequeda Author-Name: María Alejandra Rojas Valencia Author-Name-First: María Alejandra Author-Name-Last: Rojas Valencia Author-Name: Andrea Carolina Noches Osorio Author-Name-First: Andrea Carolina Author-Name-Last: Noches Osorio Author-Name: David Andrés Ordoñez Rúales Author-Name-First: David Andrés Author-Name-Last: Ordoñez Rúales Author-Name: Maria Andreina Pulido Montes Author-Name-First: Maria Andreina Author-Name-Last: Pulido Montes Author-Name: Elveny Laguado Jaimes Author-Name-First: Elveny Author-Name-Last: Laguado Jaimes Title: Building a Resilient Health Workforce in the South America: The Role of Self-Efficacy in Nursing Education Abstract: Introduction: This study addressed self-efficacy as a fundamental factor in the academic training of nursing students. It was understood as the personal perception of the ability to organise and execute actions aimed at achieving specific objectives. Given the demands of the nursing profession, the need to strengthen this belief in order to adequately face academic and clinical challenges was recognised. Development: Self-efficacy was analysed as a dynamic construct influenced by motivation, social context, personal factors and sociodemographic data. Key concepts such as academic performance, motivation, university education and characteristics of nursing students were defined. It was identified that academic performance depended on multiple variables, including individual effort, perseverance, the psychosocial environment, and the student's level of commitment to their training process. In addition, it was highlighted that students with higher self-efficacy showed better academic performance, greater willingness to face challenges, and a more positive attitude towards learning. Conclusion: The study concluded that self-efficacy played a decisive role in the comprehensive training of future nursing professionals. By strengthening this belief, not only was better academic performance promoted, but also safer and more empathetic clinical preparation. Therefore, the need for educational institutions to design pedagogical strategies that foster self-efficacy as the basis for meaningful learning and ethical and competent professional practice was highlighted. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 373-373 Volume: 5 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.56294/shp2026373 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2026v5a217 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yuly Andrea Menéndez Sequeda Author-Name-First: Yuly Andrea Author-Name-Last: Menéndez Sequeda Author-Name: María Alejandra Rojas Valencia Author-Name-First: María Alejandra Author-Name-Last: Rojas Valencia Author-Name: Andrea Carolina Noches Osorio Author-Name-First: Andrea Carolina Author-Name-Last: Noches Osorio Author-Name: David Andrés Ordoñez Rúales Author-Name-First: David Andrés Author-Name-Last: Ordoñez Rúales Author-Name: Maria Andreina Pulido Montes Author-Name-First: Maria Andreina Author-Name-Last: Pulido Montes Author-Name: Elveny Laguado Jaimes Author-Name-First: Elveny Author-Name-Last: Laguado Jaimes Title: Strengthening Health Systems through Nursing Education: The Role of Self-Efficacy in Academic and Clinical Competence Abstract: Introduction: The study addressed self-efficacy as a personal belief that significantly influenced the thoughts, emotions, and behaviours of nursing students. According to Bandura and Resnick, self-efficacy was defined as the perception of one's own abilities to cope with situations and achieve goals, which proved to be a key factor in academic and clinical performance. Development: During the analysis, theories from psychology and nursing were considered that explained how self-efficacy impacted professional training. Bandura argued that individuals with high self-efficacy took on challenges with greater commitment and perseverance. Resnick's theory proposed that this perception was built through real experiences, observation of models, verbal persuasion, and physiological feedback. Research showed that students with higher self-efficacy performed better academically, experienced less fatigue, and were more willing to face complex clinical situations. It was also stated that the institutional context and pedagogical support influenced the development of this competence. Conclusion: It was concluded that self-efficacy was fundamental in the training of nursing students, as it strengthened their personal confidence, clinical judgement, and ability to provide quality care. Therefore, it was recommended that academic programmes integrate strategies that foster this belief from the teaching-learning processes, thus promoting more competent, confident, and committed professionals. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 386-386 Volume: 5 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.56294/shp2026386 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2026v5a218 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Geraldine J. Barrios Fragozo Author-Name-First: Geraldine J. Author-Name-Last: Barrios Fragozo Author-Name: Laura María Almeida Rueda Author-Name-First: Laura María Author-Name-Last: Almeida Rueda Author-Name: Maria Andreina Pulido Montes Author-Name-First: Maria Andreina Author-Name-Last: Pulido Montes Title: Comprehensive approach to mental health from nursing and evidence-based care Abstract: Introduction: The review addressed the importance of mental health knowledge among healthcare personnel, especially nurses, as a basis for implementing effective prevention, promotion, and treatment strategies. It was suggested that, despite the wide range of information available, healthcare professionals demonstrated a lack of knowledge in the application of psychosocial interventions, which limited their use in a comprehensive approach to patients and their environment. Development: During the analysis, various interventions framed in standardised NIC language were identified, including physiological and psychosocial actions focused on comprehensive care. Nursing, as a discipline, applied both conventional techniques and holistic strategies—relaxation, massage, aromatherapy, acupuncture, and music therapy—to reduce stress, improve quality of life, and support mental health. These interventions were based on scientific evidence and were implemented depending on the level of professional training. In addition, the concept of psychosocial intervention was explored, understood as a means of modifying harmful environments and behaviours. The types of mental disorder prevention (universal, selective and indicated) were also analysed, highlighting the need for early intervention. The Colombian legal context, through Law 1616 of 2013, supported the right to comprehensive mental health care. Finally, Phil Barker's recovery model offered a humanistic approach, centred on the patient's experience. Conclusion: It was concluded that strengthening the knowledge and application of psychosocial interventions by health personnel, especially nurses, was essential for humanised, scientific and culturally sensitive care that guaranteed the quality of life of the individual, their family and the community. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 388-388 Volume: 5 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.56294/shp2026388 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2026v5a219 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alejandro Román-Rodríguez Author-Name-First: Alejandro Author-Name-Last: Román-Rodríguez Author-Name: Rosymar Silva-Lago Author-Name-First: Rosymar Author-Name-Last: Silva-Lago Author-Name: Lázaro Silva-Ramos Author-Name-First: Lázaro Author-Name-Last: Silva-Ramos Title: Rasmussen's Encephalitis: a rare Autoimmune Encephalitis Abstract: Introduction: Rasmussen's encephalitis is a type of autoimmune encephalitis unusual in adults, an inflammatory, chronic and neurodegenerative brain disorder that manifests itself with treatment-resistant neocortical focal motor seizures. The pathophysiology of this disease has involved viral infections and the existence of antibodies, among other possible etiologies. Due to pharmacological resistance to anticonvulsants, management with immunoglobulin, in most patients, demonstrates clinical improvement and decreased progression. However, the only therapeutic management that seems to give accurate results to date is hemispherectomy. Objective was to describe the risk factors, symptoms and treatments of Rasmussen's Encephalitis. Methods: As it is a disease with scarce bibliography and occasionally rare diagnosis, the study was carried out under a cross-sectional, historical, statistical search supported by a comparative review in the various national and international databases. Conclusions: The authors found a certain discrepancy in certain aspects, an element that, together with the magnitude that this pathology can have and its consequences, reflects the need for study and knowledge on the part of professionals and the health team for an accurate diagnosis in time. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 379-379 Volume: 5 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.56294/shp2026379 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2026v5a220 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ileana Beatriz Quiroga López Author-Name-First: Ileana Beatriz Author-Name-Last: Quiroga López Author-Name: Dionis Ruiz Reyes Author-Name-First: Dionis Author-Name-Last: Ruiz Reyes Author-Name: Diana García Rodríguez Author-Name-First: Diana Author-Name-Last: García Rodríguez Author-Name: Madyaret Águila Carbelo Author-Name-First: Madyaret Author-Name-Last: Águila Carbelo Author-Name: Adriel Herrero Díaz Author-Name-First: Adriel Author-Name-Last: Herrero Díaz Title: Breastfeeding and Covid-19 Abstract: Breastfeeding is inherent to mammals, and without it, none would have survived. COVID-19 is caused by a new betacoronavirus officially named SARS-CoV-2, and the possibility of transmission through breast milk is being studied. A literature review was conducted to characterise how breastfeeding is carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic and to make recommendations. Journals and websites such as SciELO and Infomed were used, for a total of 14 references. The numerous benefits of skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding far outweigh the possible risks of transmission and disease associated with COVID-19. To date, there are no reasons to avoid or interrupt breastfeeding. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 360-360 Volume: 5 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.56294/shp2026360 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2026v5a221 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dionis Ruiz Reyes Author-Name-First: Dionis Author-Name-Last: Ruiz Reyes Author-Name: Adriel Herrero Díaz Author-Name-First: Adriel Author-Name-Last: Herrero Díaz Author-Name: Ileana Beatriz Quiroga López Author-Name-First: Ileana Beatriz Author-Name-Last: Quiroga López Author-Name: Madyaret Águila Carbelo Author-Name-First: Madyaret Author-Name-Last: Águila Carbelo Title: Risk factors for high blood pressure in adults Abstract: Hypertension is a lethal non-communicable disease. This disease has been linked to a series of risk factors that are usually present in most people who suffer from it, grouped into modifiable and non-modifiable factors. The study of these risk factors for hypertension in older people is the central focus of this work, which aimed to describe the risk factors for high blood pressure in adults by establishing a bibliographic reference that allows for consideration of the novelty of the topic. To achieve this objective, 12 bibliographies were consulted. It was concluded that the main risk factors for this disease in adults are those associated with lifestyle, sedentary habits, alcohol consumption, tobacco use, race, gender, age, diabetes mellitus, family history of hypertension, eating habits, obesity, marital status, employment status, area of origin, and lack of physical activity. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 368-368 Volume: 5 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.56294/shp2026368 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2026v5a222 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ana Esperanza Jeréz Alvarez Author-Name-First: Ana Esperanza Author-Name-Last: Jeréz Alvarez Author-Name: Ariel Sosa Remón Author-Name-First: Ariel Author-Name-Last: Sosa Remón Author-Name: Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santivañez Author-Name-First: Jhossmar Cristians Author-Name-Last: Auza-Santivañez Author-Name: Miguel Emilio García Rodríguez Author-Name-First: Miguel Emilio Author-Name-Last: García Rodríguez Author-Name: Arian Jesús Cuba Naranjo Author-Name-First: Arian Jesús Author-Name-Last: Cuba Naranjo Author-Name: Yudiel Pérez Yero Author-Name-First: Yudiel Author-Name-Last: Pérez Yero Author-Name: Jorge Márquez-Molina Author-Name-First: Jorge Author-Name-Last: Márquez-Molina Author-Name: Freddy Ednildon Bautista-Vanegas Author-Name-First: Freddy Ednildon Author-Name-Last: Bautista-Vanegas Title: Neurological emergencies in cancer: pathophysiological and prognostic implications with a focus on the elderly Abstract: Introduction: Neurological emergencies in cancer patients are associated with high mortality. This mortality rate is particularly prevalent in the older adult population, for whom limited scientific evidence exists. The objective of this review was to describe the pathophysiological mechanisms and prognosis of the main neurological emergencies that occur in older patients with cancer and lead to their admission to the Intensive Care Unit. To this end, a narrative review of the literature available in databases and search engines such as PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Scielo, and Google Scholar was conducted using the search terms: neuro-oncological emergencies, neurological complications, oncological intensive care, prognostic factors for cancer mortality, and their English translations. The review was conducted between November 2024 and March 2025. Forty-nine references from articles that met the inclusion criteria were used. Among the main results, it is worth highlighting that the main neurological complications described are predominantly metabolic encephalopathy, stroke, status epilepticus, and intracranial hypertension. These factors share mechanistic relationships with neurocritical patients in general, although cancer appears to be a significant factor in their onset and mortality prognosis. This is accompanied by other variables of prognostic interest such as advanced age, cancer stage, individual functional status, hyperglycemia, sepsis, septic shock, and artificial ventilation. It is concluded that pathophysiological and prognostic knowledge of critically ill older neuro-oncology patients is still limited and warrants multiple investigations in their own clinical context. This is because the greatest available evidence corresponds to young adult neurocritical patients without cancer. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 239-239 Volume: 5 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.56294/shp2026239 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2026v5a223 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael Rafael Rodríguez Rodríguez Rodríguez Rodríguez Author-Name-First: Michael Rafael Rodríguez Rodríguez Author-Name-Last: Rodríguez Rodríguez Author-Name: Claudia Alejandra Delgado Calpa Author-Name-First: Claudia Alejandra Author-Name-Last: Delgado Calpa Author-Name: Héctor Andrés Mora Paz Author-Name-First: Héctor Andrés Author-Name-Last: Mora Paz Title: Prediction of Cardiovascular Diseases Using Machine Learning Models Abstract: The study addressed the global problem of cardiovascular diseases, which were one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity according to the World Health Organisation. Multiple risk factors, both modifiable and non-modifiable, were identified, and the need to implement technologies that would enable early and accurate detection was emphasised. Given this scenario, the use of machine learning algorithms such as Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), combined with traditional and alternative kernel functions, was proposed. A comparative approach was developed to validate the hypothesis that under-explored kernel functions could improve predictive performance in terms of accuracy and response time. To this end, models were trained with data extracted from recognised platforms such as Kaggle and UCI, and metrics such as accuracy, recall and F1-score were applied. The models were adjusted with hyperparameter optimisation techniques using random search. The results demonstrated that certain alternative kernel functions offered improvements in the error-time ratio, in some cases outperforming conventional kernels. The research not only contributed methodological advances in the development of predictive models, but also provided a support tool for clinical decision-making, particularly useful in contexts where timely diagnosis is crucial. Finally, the project contributed to strengthening artificial intelligence in public health, promoting well-being through the prevention and proactive management of cardiovascular diseases. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 364-364 Volume: 5 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.56294/shp2026364 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2026v5a224 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ana Pires Author-Name-First: Ana Author-Name-Last: Pires Author-Name: Maria Semedo Author-Name-First: Maria Author-Name-Last: Semedo Author-Name: Paula Canelas Author-Name-First: Paula Author-Name-Last: Canelas Author-Name: Simão Vilaça Author-Name-First: Simão Author-Name-Last: Vilaça Author-Name: Solange Silva Author-Name-First: Solange Author-Name-Last: Silva Author-Name: Sandy Severino Author-Name-First: Sandy Author-Name-Last: Severino Author-Name: Luís Sousa Author-Name-First: Luís Author-Name-Last: Sousa Title: Clinical Governance and Evidence-Based Practices: An Essential Pillar for Safe and Quality Healthcare Abstract: Introduction: The increasing complexity of health systems requires evidence-centered models, continuous improvement and professional accountability. The aim is to reflect on the integration between Clinical Governance and Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) as essential pillars for safe and quality health care. Methods: A critical literature review was conducted in May 2025 using the WOS, EBSCO, and Scopus databases, including publications from 2018 to 2024 in Portuguese and English. The reflection was also chosen by the Clinical Governance curricular unit and the authors’ professional experience. Results: Evidence-Based Practice was characterized as a process combining scientific evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values. Clinical Governance was presented as an ethical and organizational framework promoting safety, efficiency, and transparency. Their integration strengthened care quality, team engagement, and institutional performance. Barriers such as resistance to change and limited scientific literacy were identified. Transformational leadership and shared governance emerged as key facilitators. Conclusions: The convergence of Clinical Governance and Evidence-Based Practice is essential for translating knowledge into person-centered clinical practice. Promoting ethical leadership, ongoing professional development, and supportive organizational structures is crucial to fostering a culture of continuous improvement in healthcare. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 365-365 Volume: 5 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.56294/shp2026365 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2026v5a225 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carlos Alfredo Miló Valdés Author-Name-First: Carlos Alfredo Author-Name-Last: Miló Valdés Author-Name: Adrián Alejandro Vitón Castillo Author-Name-First: Adrián Alejandro Author-Name-Last: Vitón Castillo Author-Name: Lidia Cecilia Pérez Acevedo Author-Name-First: Lidia Cecilia Author-Name-Last: Pérez Acevedo Title: Asthma, allergies and COVID-19: a review of what we know Abstract: Introduction: Allergies are exaggerated reactions of the immune system to normally harmless substances, while asthma is a chronic disease that inflames the airways. Although people with asthma may be more susceptible to respiratory infections, the relationship between COVID-19 and asthma and allergies is contradictory and a matter of debate. Objective: To summarize the theoretical background on the relationship between allergic diseases, such as asthma, and COVID-19. Development: There is no conclusive evidence on the relationship between asthma, especially the allergic phenotype, and COVID-19. However, several aspects of immunopathogenesis may influence this interaction. The type I interferon response in asthmatics does not seem defective, and ACE2 underexpression could slow down the infection, allowing an adequate antiviral response. Eosinophils, which protect against viral infections, could compensate for the eosinopenia observed in COVID-19. The elevated presence of Th2 cells in asthmatics could also offer protection against severe forms of the disease. Despite this, asthma can predispose to severe symptoms due to inflammation and changes in the respiratory microbiota. Conclusions: The relationship between asthma, allergies and COVID-19 is complex and subject to debate, influenced by multiple factors. Additional studies are needed to better understand these interactions and the genetic and environmental factors that may affect the prevalence and response to these diseases. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 384-384 Volume: 5 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.56294/shp2026384 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2026v5a226 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Arian Nodarse Concepción Author-Name-First: Arian Author-Name-Last: Nodarse Concepción Author-Name: Yendry Gattorno Águila Author-Name-First: Yendry Author-Name-Last: Gattorno Águila Author-Name: Leidelen Esquivel Sosa Author-Name-First: Leidelen Author-Name-Last: Esquivel Sosa Author-Name: Lázara Paneque Fonseca Author-Name-First: Lázara Author-Name-Last: Paneque Fonseca Title: Right Atrial Thrombus as a Cause of Acute Pulmonary Embolism: A Case Report Abstract: Thrombi mainly form in the left heart chambers, particularly in dilated atria and in the context of atrial fibrillation. The presence of thrombi in the right atrium is uncommon; they are more often the result of peripheral venous circulation emboli, and less frequently, they originate in situ. In Latin America, the incidence of deep vein thrombosis is approximately 1 case per 1,000 people per year, and that of pulmonary embolism is 0.5 cases per 1,000 people per year. This clinical case presents a 64-year-old male patient diagnosed with a serpentine thrombus in the right atrium and dilated right heart chambers, successfully treated with oral anticoagulation. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 399-399 Volume: 5 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.56294/shp2024399 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2026v5a227 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yamila Cruz Cruz Author-Name-First: Yamila Author-Name-Last: Cruz Cruz Author-Name: Mildred Ericka Kubatz La Madrid Author-Name-First: Mildred Ericka Author-Name-Last: Kubatz La Madrid Author-Name: Orlian Moreno Perera Author-Name-First: Orlian Author-Name-Last: Moreno Perera Author-Name: Jennifer Collazo Cruz Author-Name-First: Jennifer Author-Name-Last: Collazo Cruz Author-Name: Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santivañez Author-Name-First: Jhossmar Cristians Author-Name-Last: Auza-Santivañez Author-Name: Benito Aguirre-Cruz Author-Name-First: Benito Author-Name-Last: Aguirre-Cruz Author-Name: Yenifer Zelaya-Espinoza Author-Name-First: Yenifer Author-Name-Last: Zelaya-Espinoza Author-Name: Grobert Condori-Galindo Author-Name-First: Grobert Author-Name-Last: Condori-Galindo Title: Endobronchial tumor, diagnosis and clinical and imaging evolution. A case report Abstract: Introduction: Lung cancer has been known since the 19th century, and to date has experienced multiple advances in diagnosis and treatment, which imply a favorable prognosis for the patient. However, worldwide it exhibits high morbidity and mortality rates, it occurs mainly in males, with an average age of 65 years, is closely related to smoking and is notable for its low survival rates, particularly when diagnosed in advanced stages, as often occurs in endobronchial presentation. Objective: To describe the diagnosis and clinical imaging evolution of a patient with an endobronchial tumor. Case presentation: A 56-year-old male patient, a smoker and a carpenter by profession, who began to present chest pain and a dry, irritating cough and went to the family doctor. A series of complementary tests were prescribed, which yielded pathological results, including a chest X-ray, which supported the initial diagnosis, and a computed axial tomography (CT) scan, which confirmed the presence of an endobronchial tumor. Oncological staging and follow-up were performed, and despite complications that arose due to the patient's withdrawal from the consultation, the patient progressed well. Conclusions: Early diagnosis of lung cancer based on clinical methods and imaging studies is essential. This can improve survival and reduce the physical, emotional, and social impact on the patient and their family, as demonstrated in our clinical case. A multidisciplinary approach is essential, combining technology, clinical knowledge, and human sensitivity to provide comprehensive care and improve the patient's quality of life. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 240-240 Volume: 5 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.56294/shp2026240 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2026v5a228 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alejandro Román-Rodríguez Author-Name-First: Alejandro Author-Name-Last: Román-Rodríguez Author-Name: Rosymar Silva-Lago Author-Name-First: Rosymar Author-Name-Last: Silva-Lago Author-Name: José Alfredo Gallegos Sanchez Author-Name-First: José Alfredo Author-Name-Last: Gallegos Sanchez Author-Name: Lázaro Silva-Ramos Author-Name-First: Lázaro Author-Name-Last: Silva-Ramos Author-Name: Pablo Díaz Hernández Author-Name-First: Pablo Author-Name-Last: Díaz Hernández Title: The evanescent tumor, a real diagnostic challenge, in relation to a case Abstract: Introduction: Phantom tumor or evanescent tumor refers to an interlobar pleural effusion that occurs in patients with decompensated heart failure and resembles a lung tumor or mass that disappears after appropriate treatment. Its frequency is unknown. Objective: This entity was described based on a case report, emphasizing the proper use of the clinical method. Case report: The case of a 74-year-old male patient with a past medical history of hypertension and ischemic heart disease is presented. He presented with paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, orthopnea, pinpoint pain in the side extending to the right costal margin, fever of 38°C, crackles toward the lung bases, painful hepatomegaly, and edema in both lower limbs. The diagnosis of this presentation, the evanescent tumor or phantom tumor, is achieved through correct use of the clinical method supported by serial chest radiographs and is confirmed by the resolution of the effusion after initiating diuretic treatment. Conclusions: The relevance of this case lies in describing the difficulty of diagnosis, despite the potential complications of a late diagnosis, and demonstrating the need for accurate and effective application of the method. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 378-378 Volume: 5 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.56294/shp2026378 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2026v5a229 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yisel de la Caridad Ramos-Aguila Author-Name-First: Yisel de la Caridad Author-Name-Last: Ramos-Aguila Author-Name: Yamile Hernández-Ramos Author-Name-First: Yamile Author-Name-Last: Hernández-Ramos Author-Name: Martha Beatriz Cuello-Carballo Author-Name-First: Martha Beatriz Author-Name-Last: Cuello-Carballo Title: Lepromatous leprosy: case report Abstract: Hansen's disease or leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. As old as man himself, those who suffer from it continue to be marginalized and stigmatized as they were thousands of years ago. The World Health Organization (WHO), has developed a program aimed at preventing, diagnosing in a timely manner and treating it appropriately. In many cases, patients with leprosy are diagnosed late, accompanied by irreversible disabilities. For this reason, it is appropriate to present a clinical case of lepromatous leprosy, with late diagnosis and grade 2 disability, who was treated in de Dermatology Service of the Dr. Leon Cuervo Rubio teaching clinical surgical hospital in Pinar del Rio, due to skin lesions, with loss of sensitivity and bone resorption, of 5 years of evolution. A bacilloscopy was indicated which confirmed the diagnosis of lepromatous leprosy, so combined polychemotherapy was started, although he is still under treatment. It is vitally important to continue training the Basic Health Team to be able to make early diagnoses of leprosy at the primary care level, thus avoiding the appearance of disabilities. Journal: South Health and Policy Pages: 383-383 Volume: 5 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.56294/shp2026383 Handle: RePEc:dbk:southh:2026v5a230