Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jhonny Richard Rodriguez-Barboza Title: African Heritage in the New World: Exploring Afro-descendant Influence in Latin America Abstract: This study delves into the profound African influence on Latin American culture, unveiling its indelible imprint on music, dance, spirituality, and culinary traditions. The primary objective is to illuminate the historically underappreciated contributions of Afro-descendant communities, thereby enriching the academic corpus and fostering broader recognition of their cultural heritage. Employing a qualitative methodology within a socio-critical paradigm, the research is grounded in a comprehensive literature review, ensuring a nuanced understanding of the cultural amalgamation and its socio-economic ramifications. Findings highlight the vibrant integration of African heritage across various societal spheres, yet also underscore significant gaps in literature, particularly in recognizing contributions beyond the cultural domain. The study concludes that while the rich African legacy in Latin America is undeniable, its full spectrum and depth are yet to be fully acknowledged. It calls for a more inclusive narrative that transcends conventional cultural domains, extending into realms of education, policy, and socio-economic development. Future research should address these lacunae, fostering a more inclusive and equitable representation of Afro-descendant influences in the fabric of Latin American culture. Pages: 10.56294/pa2025196 DOI: 10.56294/pa2025196 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:2025196:id:2025196 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jorge Bencomo Cuesta Title: The Bolivian political system within the socio-political conception of Álvaro García Linera Abstract: Introduction:The study analyzed the evolution of Political Science from a Latin American perspective, highlighting the need to understand the region’s political systems without applying rigid Western models. The case of Bolivia was emphasized, where the political system underwent significant changes with the rise to power of Evo Morales and Álvaro García Linera in 2006. The 2009 Constitution represented a key transformation by incorporating plurinationality and redefining the structure of the State based on popular interests. Development: The analysis of Bolivia’s political system was based on general systems theory and García Linera’s thought. Five fundamental aspects of state reconfiguration were identified: the shift in class hegemony, the inclusion of new leaderships, the redistribution of power, the institutionalization of political pluralism, and the participation of social organizations. The 2009 Constitution consolidated Bolivia as a unitary, plurinational, and community-based State, granting greater autonomy to indigenous peoples and establishing new dynamics in the exercise of power. Conclusion: The study concluded that Bolivia’s political system underwent a structural transformation based on principles of communal democracy and pluralism. The hegemony of popular sectors and the decentralization of power marked a break with the traditional model. The influence of García Linera’s thought was key to shaping this system, as it incorporated the active participation of grassroots social movements in decision-making. Pages: 10.56294/pa2024.195 DOI: 10.56294/pa2024.195 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:195:id:195 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Edgar Everardo Pantoja López Title: Are common candidacies viable in the state of Guanajuato? A comparative study of the 2024 local elections in Mexico Abstract: Introduction: The study addressed the goals that political parties pursued within democratic systems. It was considered that parties were not static structures, but that their goals varied according to political and social conditions. Based on Strøm's (1990) classification, three main orientations were established: vote seeking, office winning and policy making. Development: Vote-oriented political parties prioritized their electoral performance, often without necessarily seeking public office. In Mexico, this phenomenon was observed due to the relationship between public funding and votes obtained. On the other hand, parties focused on obtaining office sought benefits associated with political power, while those focused on policy implementation prioritized the implementation of their ideology and governmental agenda. In addition, the influence of the institutional context on parties was analyzed, noting that electoral regulations and the structure of the political system conditioned their strategies and objectives. Conclusion: It was concluded that political parties did not follow unique objectives, but that their strategies varied according to their context and needs. Electoral competition, the legal framework and the internal structure of each party determined their orientation. In the case of Mexico, democratization and electoral reforms influenced party dynamics, promoting pragmatism and the formation of strategic alliances. Pages: 10.56294/pa2024.194 DOI: 10.56294/pa2024.194 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:194:id:194 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yolier Izquierdo Cuellar Title: Challenges and perspectives of the treatment of feminicidal violence in the Cuban legislative system Abstract: Femicidal violence in Cuba is a matter of interest that requires careful analysis. Despite the laws and policies implemented, challenges persist in their effective implementation. The entrenched presence of gender stereotypes in society and limited awareness of the problem continue to influence this dynamic. This research aims to explore obstacles in the implementation of laws and seek ways to improve prevention and victim support, as well as to promote greater awareness of gender equality. It will examine the legal and socio-cultural barriers to change, as well as the prospects for legal strengthening and collaboration between different actors. By understanding the complexities of this issue, the aim is to contribute to a fairer and safer Cuban society for women, offering concrete recommendations to improve the legislative system's response to feminicidal violence. Pages: 10.56294/pa2024.193 DOI: 10.56294/pa2024.193 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:193:id:193 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elías Zapata Godoy Title: Governance and participation in Yucatán, the case of participatory budgeting in Mérida Abstract: Introduction: Participatory budgeting represented an innovative mechanism for promoting citizen participation in public management. In Mérida, Yucatán, the program “Design your City” was implemented in the period 2023-2024, with the purpose of involving citizens in budgetary decision-making. Using a governance approach, the research analyzed the effectiveness of this model and its impact on the structure of local participation. Development: The study examined the formal and informal institutional arrangements that underpinned the participatory budget. Several key actors were identified, including the City Council of Mérida, autonomous bodies and civil society. The research was based on a qualitative analysis, using semi-structured interviews and documentary review to evaluate the participatory, collaborative, administrative, financial and legal dimensions of the program. It was found that the implementation of the model depended to a large extent on the capacity for coordination between institutions and citizens. Conclusions: The results indicated that participatory budgeting in Mérida promoted citizen participation, although with challenges in transparency and accountability. While consultation mechanisms were in place, the real influence of citizens on decision-making was limited. The governance of the process reflected a complex interaction between regulations and political-administrative practices, highlighting the need to strengthen the institutionalization of participatory budgeting to ensure its long-term impact. Pages: 10.56294/pa2024192 DOI: 10.56294/pa2024192 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:2024192:id:2024192 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lizandro Angulo Rincón Title: Journalistic Quality in Sports Journalism Ventures in Spain and Mexico, Based on the Concept of Diversity Abstract: The increasing consumption of sports content, the versatility of the digital world, the desire to rethink corporate sports journalism, and the need to generate new sources of employment have fostered the emergence of sports journalism ventures in Ibero-America over the last ten years. Many of these ventures are led by communication and journalism students and professionals. This research studies two online experiences in Spain and Mexico: Deporadictos (www.deporadictos.com) and El Míster (www.elmister.substack.com), in order to identify features of journalistic quality in these sports’ journalism ventures, based on the concept of diversity. A mixed methodology with a concurrent design was used, applying digital ethnography (qualitative) and content analysis (quantitative) methods. The results and conclusions indicate that the operation of these two cybermedia outlets displays characteristics of a certain journalistic quality and that, with some adjustments on information, economic sustainability, and user interaction, they have the potential to consolidate as an attractive and diversified informational option for their various Spanish-speaking audiences. Deporadictos from Spain and El Míster from Mexico are led by communicators, journalists, and other related professionals who lack strong corporate backing. This lack of strong support adds to the complexity of meeting the concept of journalistic excellence and maintaining sustainability over time. Pages: 10.56294/pa2025191 DOI: 10.56294/pa2025191 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:2025191:id:2025191 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gabriela Montoya Alfonso Author-Name: Heidy Alexandra Romero Author-Name: Natalia Gutiérrez Rojas Author-Name: Maribel García Rojas Title: Advertising Semiotics in the Socioeconomic Perception of Luxury Brands Abstract: This review article analyzed the semiotics of luxury brands as a symbol of status, taking into account how advertising influences this context. The aim of this article is to identify how people who buy products from these brands perceive themselves, as well as how their social environment perceives them. To develop this article, a qualitative approach was used, collecting different ideas from several authors. These ideas go from the concept of luxury brands as a sign of socioeconomic distinction to their representation as an expression of the customers' needs and desires, placing these meanings within the semiotic field. In addition, the article considers how people interact with their environment through sensation and perception, when they connect luxury brands with their representation and meaning. Pages: 10.56294/pa2025190 DOI: 10.56294/pa2025190 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:2025190:id:2025190 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Naira Luna Pérez Manjarres Author-Name: Karen Viviana Rozo Martínez Author-Name: Miguel Ángel Muñoz Rodríguez Author-Name: Maribel García Rojas Title: A game between semiotics and beauty advertising on social networks Abstract: Over time, the way in which communication is perceived has changed. What used to be television, magazines or print advertising, today is social media. Along with this, there has also been a change in the way beauty advertising is communicated, as it used to not show women of color, robust , with freckles, with short hair, etc. Now it is a little more normalized, as it has influenced women with these stereotypes and they compare themselves to themselves. However , this type of beauty advertising, such as makeup, lingerie or even influencers, still has limits that have made women have a perfect standard of beauty, i.e. the fact of being skinny, having good attributes, a perfect smile, long nails, long hair, etc., to be accepted in society or with themselves, which is a situation that is normalized in social networks. This review article will analyze the impact that this type of advertising on social networks has had on Colombian women and how this has created stereotypes in society itself. It will identify the important role played by aesthetic semiotic codes in this situation and will compare different cases of some brands such as Victoria's Secret and Avon Pages: 10.56294/pa2025189 DOI: 10.56294/pa2025189 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:2025189:id:2025189 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: José Nicolás Motta Martínez Author-Name: Laura Lucia Rodríguez Espinosa Author-Name: Lorein Nicol Lozano Moreno Author-Name: Maribel García Rojas Title: Branding on Screen: Cinema, Color, and Thought in Audiovisual Discourse Abstract: This article focuses on analyzing semiotics in cinema, understanding that film goes beyond being merely a tool for entertainment to become a means of connecting language, culture, marketing, and emotions through semiotics. Through images, sounds, colors, and various narratives, it shows how objects or symbols become part of the story, also influencing the viewer's memory. Special emphasis is placed on product placement, where brands are naturally integrated into the audiovisual narrative. Finally, the article reviews the evolution of semiotics in cinema, from its origins in silent films to the digital age with platforms and social media. It also highlights the importance of color as a way to communicate the emotions within a cinematic narrative. Pages: 10.56294/pa2025163 DOI: 10.56294/pa2025163 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:2025163:id:2025163 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Junior Alfredo Hernández Castro Title: Counting scars. Memory, history and power surrounding the censorship of rock in Cuba Abstract: Introduction: The article examines the censorship of rock in Cuba and its impact on the collective memory of the rock community. Through an approach based on oral history and the genealogy of power, the author reconstructed testimonies of musicians and fans of the genre who suffered state repression. The censorship, which began in the 1960s, was based on a combination of political paranoia, machismo and excessive revolutionary idealism. Despite the state's partial recognition of rock in recent years, episodes of repression continue to be minimized or denied in official discourse. Development: The analysis focused on the construction of memory and its use as a tool of resistance. Based on theorists such as Foucault, Ricoeur and Jelin, the author explored how individual and collective memories have been shaped by power. Events such as the controversy over the statue of John Lennon in Havana and the closure of Maxim Rock in 2023 were mentioned, both of which showed the use of institutional forgetting as a political strategy. In addition, the role of rock as a vehicle for denunciation was highlighted, with Cuban bands who have captured the experience of repression in their lyrics. The author also identified a phenomenon of “silence-forgetfulness”, in which some victims omit or modify their stories to avoid conflict or to preserve their livelihoods. Conclusion: The study revealed that the censorship of rock in Cuba not only affected individuals, but also shaped a struggle of memory and collective resistance. Despite state attempts to rewrite history, the rock community has used various platforms, from music to social networks, to preserve and vindicate their experiences. The collective memory of censorship remains alive as a form of cultural and political resistance. Pages: 10.56294/pa2024.148 DOI: 10.56294/pa2024.148 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:148:id:148 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dayanna Barrera Verjel Author-Name: Mauricio Andrés Balanta Vila Author-Name: Camilo Fernando Rodríguez Vega Title: Development of microbusinesses within the framework of the solidarity economy: an international approach for the food and beverage sector. Abstract: This international study focuses on the development of microenterprises in the food and beverage sector within the context of the solidarity economy. Its main objective is to analyze and promote economic and social sustainability by supporting small businesses engaged in the production and distribution of food and beverages. This approach involves collecting qualitative and quantitative data from microenterprises in different international settings. Interviews, surveys, and analyses of economic and social data are used to assess the impact of these projects on their respective communities and sectors. These findings highlight the significant role of microenterprises in promoting ethical business practices, job creation, and fostering local and international collaboration in the food and beverage sector. It is concluded that supporting microenterprises in the solidarity economy can significantly contribute to sustainability and economic equity in the global food and beverage sector. This study provides empirical evidence supporting the notion that microenterprises are agents of change in the solidarity economy and have positive impacts both at the national and international levels in the Food and Beverage sector. Pages: 10.56294/pa202599 DOI: 10.56294/pa202599 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202599:id:202599 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Oscar Arnulfo Mera Ramírez Author-Name: Diana Valentina Torres Vivas Author-Name: Guilmer Leandro Duran Páez Title: Responsible consumption and production in textile industry: a critical analysis Abstract: Throughout this article, the Sustainable Development Goal twelve: Responsible Consumption And Production is related to the textile sector. A critical analysis is made of this correlation, using qualitative analysis techniques to identify and select relevant studies, research, and sources from various academic databases, government entities, and international organizations. The context is established by giving a description of this sustainable development goal, the textile sector is discussed where the countries that produce and export the most products from the textile industry are mentioned. The analysis of the relationship between these two, mainly focused on environmental impact. It is concluded that the sector in question has a fairly significant negative environmental impact, and that it is important to confront these negative impacts by implementing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It is crucial to take immediate measures to counteract this situation, as it affects the world in general. Pages: 10.56294/pa202598 DOI: 10.56294/pa202598 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202598:id:202598 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carolina Marulanda Ascanio Author-Name: Eslendy Yari Arias Diaz Author-Name: Eliana Jazmín Carrillo Castellanos Title: Perspectives of the Solidarity Economy from Cooperativism for cocoa sector in Norte de Santander with a view to Internationalization Abstract: The solidarity economy is a concept that is based mainly on the economic and common development of associativity of a group of people for a certain benefit. Based on this, the purpose of this article is to analyze the perspectives of the solidarity economy through cooperativism in the cocoa sector in Norte de Santander, identifying opportunities for the internationalization process of the cocoa cooperatives of the department and, in turn, strengthening the sustainable development of the region. The article is approached through a systematic review using descriptive qualitative research methods of bibliographic review; that allows the analysis of the different documents compiling general information on the evolution of the concept of solidarity economy on a global level and the impact of cooperatives in the sector. The main results obtained from the study are the increase in solidarity organizations in the department of the sector, mainly associations such as ASOPROCANOR and ASOCATI; addressing the benefits of organizations as a means of development and growth of cocoa. Finally, the review presents the contribution of associativity represented in cooperatives to create additional benefits of value in the production and marketing of cocoa in Norte de Santander. Pages: 10.56294/pa202597 DOI: 10.56294/pa202597 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202597:id:202597 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nelson Emilio Garcia Torres Author-Name: Nicole Stefanny Moncada Carrero Author-Name: Brahyan Steward Monroy Casadiego Title: Fair trade as a basis for the internationalization of the Norte De Santander sugar sector to global markets Abstract: The solidarity economy is an international and national trend, marked by the guidelines offered by the United Nations and the National Development Plan, therefore, it is a topic of interest and an alternative for implementation in different markets; In the case of Colombia, the agricultural sector has great relevance given the geographical conditions that favor sugar cane, among other crops, which in Norte de Santander is also reflected in the small companies that are dedicated to its production and marketing, sugar also forms a trade in which cooperatives and associations have a place and represent their collaborators. Given the previous scenario, this article seeks to analyze fair trade as a basis for internationalization to global markets of the sugar sector of Norte de Santander, through the collection of information from objective and scientific sources, which, when organized and categorized, allow understand the particularities of the object of study and break down each of the topics addressed. Pages: 10.56294/pa202596 DOI: 10.56294/pa202596 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202596:id:202596 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sofía de Teresa Trueba Title: TERF wars: the construction of identities and virtual communities Sofía de Teresa Trueba Abstract: TERF wars are confrontations between feminists who consider that trans women are not women and therefore cannot belong to feminism, and feminists who consider that trans women are women and can participate in this movement. Both groups are creating virtual communities that allow them to express themselves, build bonds of support, represent their values and ideas, and create a group identity. Something extremely interesting about the identities of both sides is that - whether in a state of confrontation or not - they combine elements of gender with issues of social class and ethnic origin. While in trans-inclusive groups communities associated with being dark-skinned and poor are created, in trans-exclusionary groups materials that identify with non-popular social classes are shared. This coalition between issues of gender, class and ethnicity can be understood with the theory of intersectionality, which explains that people are simultaneously excluded because of various characteristics; for example, because of skin color and social class as well as gender, which allows us to understand the emergence of alliances between trans women and dark-skinned women in the context of TERF wars, an issue demonstrated by various researchers within different countries, and which I have been able to detect in Mexico within different social networks. Pages: 10.56294/pa202595 DOI: 10.56294/pa202595 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202595:id:202595 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daira Priscila Gonzalez Mina Title: Afro hair as a symbol of resistance: the identity of black women and the practice of a counter-hegemonic aesthetic Abstract: The experience of black women around image and aesthetics is a topic of great relevance; firstly because it is an issue with little scientific approach; second, because it invokes a critical reading of the different forms of oppression and historical invisibilization, to which they have been subjected from the hegemonic aesthetic, and third, because in these circumstances it is necessary to make visible the way in which women resist scenarios of racism, exclusion and denial, from different initiatives that are properly articulated to natural Afro hair and the relationship they build with it. In this order of ideas, this paper aims to present theoretical reflections on some processes of resistance, brokered by black Columbian women from their hair, as part of the vindication of their identity and positioning towards the hegemonic aesthetic. A qualitative methodology is proposed, which uses documentary review as a technique, in order to identify different initiatives that have been investigated from research processes, to evidence the construction of identity processes in black women from natural Afro hair. Within the discussions, the need to address from the academy, the contexts of discrimination and racialization suffered by black women from their hair, to elucidate the way in which they carry out actions of resistance and collective contestation as strategies that allow not only the conservation of historical memory from the meaning that hair represents, but also but also, the strengthening of ethnic/cultural identity. Pages: 10.56294/pa202594 DOI: 10.56294/pa202594 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202594:id:202594 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gabriela Sánchez Pérez Title: The post-truth effect in Latin America Abstract: The present study aims to understand the climate of misinformation in Ibero-America during the month of October 2023, a turbulent period from a political point of view due to the coincidence of several Latin American electoral processes and the outbreak of the most critical phase of the war between Israel and Palestine, events that led to an exponential growth in the circulation of fake news and consequently resulted in an increase in the verification work by specialized media. The cases of Newtral and Chequeado were selected as benchmarks, representing Europe and Latin America. However, even when such events were inserted into the media agendas of the majority, the frequency and focus they received differed, and others that responded to particular interests were included. Hence, although in general the research seeks to identify the predominant topics in the hoaxes debunked by Ibero-American fact-checkers, it also aims to define, from the point of view of their content, the dynamics of news selection, thus trying to establish convergences and differentiating features. To this end, a content analysis of the information they publish is carried out, trying to find similarities between the initiatives and to understand the nature and characteristics of the disinformation with which they work. In order to provide the study with a methodological triangulation, interviews with experts in disinformation are included, as well as a critical review of the literature related to the subject. Pages: 10.56294/pa202593 DOI: 10.56294/pa202593 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202593:id:202593 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yamilet de la Caridad Hernández López Author-Name: Yanet Ortega Dugrot Author-Name: Yeneisy San Martín Cuesta Author-Name: Ana Rosa Zulueta Alejo Author-Name: Idorkis Méndez Espinosa Title: Theoretical application in healthcare practice for vulnerable patients admitted to the Julio Trigo López Clinical and Surgical Hospital Abstract: Introduction: nursing professionals carry with them a very important position that relates health with society, which implies that they must continually investigate and search for scientific bases to help improve the quality of the care provided in the processes carried out. Objective: to describe the theoretical application in the practice of care for vulnerable patients admitted to the Julio Trigo López Clinical and Surgical Hospital. Method: a systematic review and analysis of the bibliographic and documentary content was carried out, in order to develop a reflexive analysis of the content of the documents published at national and international level related to the topic addressed, interviews with managers and care staff of the Julio Trigo López Clinical and Surgical Hospital, opinions and experiences narrated, together with the authors' criteria, based on their actions, were incorporated. Results: it is essential that nurses implement the application of the proposed nursing theories in this type of patients who need more than a physical figure to bathe them, feed them, provide them with medical treatment, the nurse-patient interpersonal relationships are the basis of the nursing discipline, to ensure holistic care, based on a moral commitment, through values of respect for the dignity of life. Conclusions: the application of nursing theories in the care practice of vulnerable patients validates the professional performance, enriching the nursing thought that is continuously evolving. Pages: 10.56294/pa202492 DOI: 10.56294/pa202492 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202492:id:202492 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Silvia Judith Birnenbaum Title: Pre-donation interview as a tool to maintain the safety of donated blood: Assessment from bioethics Abstract: Donor selection is essential. The pre-donation questionnaire includes updated information on risk behaviors or exposures that could be associated with transfusion-transmissible diseases. This document serves to identify the initial period of an infection or the presence of diseases not analyzed in the laboratory. The donor is the first link in the transfusion safety chain. Considering their word as an irreplaceable tool, it is worth asking what is the value of their testimony to avoid transfusing contaminated blood. We sought to analyze, from the perspective of bioethics, the value that donor testimony entails for the safety of the blood components to be transfused. Interviews were formalized with members of the health team to assess their assessment of the donors' contribution to transfusion safety. From the analysis of the data, the weakness of the pre-donation questionnaire is evident. The fragility of the process clearly lies in the selection of candidates. It is verified that the donor's testimony cannot be replaced by another tool in the qualification. This contributes to transfusion safety proportionally to the truthfulness provided by the donor. From the perspective of the health team, the donor's testimony is scarcely appreciated, due to its lack of veracity. In particular, difficulty in interpreting the questions on the selection form is evident, due to the lack of donation education among the applicants. Pages: 10.56294/pa2024.91 DOI: 10.56294/pa2024.91 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:91:id:91 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santivañez Author-Name: Nayra Condori-Villca Author-Name: Isaura Oberson Santander Author-Name: Daniel Ramiro Elías Vallejos Rejas Author-Name: Renan Condori-Aduviri Author-Name: Germán José Martín Rico Ramallo Author-Name: Aaron Eduardo Carvajal Tapia Title: Bolivian scientific production in social sciences Abstract: Introduction: The social sciences comprise a broad field of scientific endeavor. They involve specialties whose center of work is man, the dynamics of the environment and the environment and its influence on it. Objective: describe Bolivian scientific production in social sciences Method: an observational, descriptive bibliometric research was developed. A total of 1,043 investigations were worked on. Variables: number of articles (Nodoc), year of publication of the research, typology or modality of the works, journals where they were published, quartiles by journal, collaboration networks and correlation of terms. Descriptive statistics and bibliometric indicators were applied. Results: a predominance of the year 2021 was seen. The typology of original or research article predominated with 784 works for 75.17%. The research published in the American Journal of Human Biology stood out with 32 works (3.06%). 7 clusters of collaboration between countries and 4 clusters of correlation of terms were identified. Conclusions: Bolivarian scientific production on the social sciences showed a pattern of gradual and ascending growth. The center of the studies focused on articles with results; framed in high impact magazines. At the same time, there is extensive international collaboration covering dissimilar research topics. Pages: 10.56294/pa2024.100 DOI: 10.56294/pa2024.100 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:100:id:100 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rubén Baena-Navarro Author-Name: Luis Serrano-Ardila Author-Name: Yulieth Carriazo-Regino Title: Innovative model for the integration of ICTs in rural environmental education: towards a sustainable pedagogy Abstract: This study examines the hypothesis that effective integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in environmental education, through well-designed pedagogical strategies and the development of critical digital competencies, can significantly improve sustainability learning and student engagement with environmental issues. Through a rigorous bibliometric analysis of the literature between 2018 and 2023, we developed the Model of Pedagogical Integration for Sustainability and Technology (MIPST), which is grounded in active pedagogy, critical digital competence, inclusion and accessibility, and community engagement. The findings suggest that ICT, when implemented within an appropriate pedagogical framework, not only offer valuable tools for sustainability teaching and learning, but that their success is crucially dependent on effective inclusion and community collaboration. This paper contributes to the field of environmental education by providing a detailed framework for effective ICT integration, with the potential to transform both the teaching and learning of sustainability. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of tailoring educational interventions to the specific needs of each community, ensuring that technology serves as a bridge to a more sustainable and equitable future Pages: 10.56294/pa202435 DOI: 10.56294/pa202435 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202435:id:202435 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yanko Yoshitaro Vilca Malaver Author-Name: Brian Andreé Meneses Claudio Author-Name: Jorge Arturo Zapana Ruiz Title: Quality of service and user satisfaction of a police station in a district of northern Lima Abstract: The situation about the attention people receive in the police stations of our country is poor, many users go to these waiting to be attended by police officers after some event or other need, but what they receive is an unfair and degrading treatment, which is why the research seeks to determine the relationship between the quality of service and the user satisfaction of a police station in a district of Lima Norte, 2023. The type of the research is basic, correlative research, cross-sectional, which is applied to a sample of 81 users who are studied through a survey, having as results that talking about quality of service a 43,2 % of the respondents said it was low, a 39,5 % considered it medium and only a 17,3 % considered it high, while regarding user satisfaction, the 53,1 % of the respondents considered it low, a 30,9 % considered it medium and only 16% considered it high, then the Rho Spearman coefficient is applied to establish the correlation, having as result a degree of significance of 0,001, so the existence of a relationship between quality service and user satisfacción is corroborated, also a coefficient of 0,814 is obtained, which indicates a direct and high correlation between the variables, this is because if users receive a bad attention by the police in the police station, the user satisfaction about the service will be equally bad Pages: 10.56294/pa202420 DOI: 10.56294/pa202420 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202420:id:202420 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anto Alexandra Velásquez Author-Name: Jesús Alejandro Yanac Gómez Author-Name: Brian Andreé Meneses Claudio Author-Name: Jorge Arturo Zapana Ruiz Title: Soft skills and the labor market insertion of students in the last cycles of administration at a university in northern Lima Abstract: The search for a job by students who are about to graduate from their universities has become very complex because the current market and the recruitment of new personnel in different companies has become very demanding, since companies currently have their sights set on people who are not only good professionals and have technical knowledge, because what is required now is personnel who can develop, providing ideas and solutions in different internal conflicts, to be able to cope with situations of uncertainty. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to determine the relationship between soft skills and the labor market insertion of students in the last cycles of a university in northern Lima in the year 2023. The present research is of a basic type, it presents a descriptive correlational scope of non-experimental cross-sectional design, showing a hypothetical deductive method and quantitative approach. Through the use of the questionnaire of questions, by means of the Likert scale, it allowed obtaining data from a total population of 119 students, taking as a random sample a total of 94 students. At the conclusion of the surveys it was obtained that the Rho Spearman relationship shows a result of .703 between variable 1 Soft Skills and variable 2 Job placement, in turn, the bilateral significance level is 0,01 which shows that there is a high positive correlation between the 2 variables mentioned. The conclusion is that soft skills are significantly related to labor market insertion, alluding that they are important and participate in the labor market insertion process, and that they are taken into account by companies who are looking for new collaborators capable of resolving conflicts and possessing these skills, which increase productivity within a company Pages: 10.56294/pa202421 DOI: 10.56294/pa202421 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202421:id:202421 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carolina Arias Osorio Author-Name: Catalina Álvarez Londoño Title: The expert opinion in the administrative contentious jurisdiction in accordance with law 2080 of 2021 Abstract: One of the purposes of the Code of Administrative Procedure and Administrative Litigation was to enforce the protection of the rights and freedoms of the administered, which sought to have a codification less adjective and more substantial in which all aspects were regulated both in the Administration as in the Contentious Administrative Jurisdiction; However, the non-regulated, continues to be processed, by express authorization of the CPACA, through the General Code of the Process, being a relevant issue to clarify how this coding is applied to the processing of resources in the administrative trial, which is will make the hand of jurisprudence and doctrine. It will be of manifest relevance to handle what has been stated by the Supreme Organ of the Contentious Administrative Jurisdiction between the years 2014 to 2016, in order to ratify through the jurisprudence the rules of application of the CGP in the processing of the resources Pages: 10.56294/pa202422 DOI: 10.56294/pa202422 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202422:id:202422 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maria Isabel Garay Monaityama Author-Name: Verenice Sánchez Castillo Title: Effects of hunting and wildlife trafficking by peasants in the Huitorá indigenous reservation Abstract: The following work reflects the activities carried out through the illegal trade of wildlife in the Huitora indigenous reservation, taking into account the hunting and extraction of flora and fauna in said territory, which these activities bring consequences of imbalance in the natural environment. and the deterioration of ecosystems. For this reason, a series of interviews were carried out with the inhabitants of the territory and thus be able to know how much affectation is reflected by the peasant in terms of the fall and extraction of fauna, having said that, the wildlife is in danger, for what it is It is important to have the support of the environmental authorities such as the Police Authorities and Urban Environmental Authorities, to fear control in the area, and therefore these wild species have a better life in their natural environment Pages: 10.56294/pa202423 DOI: 10.56294/pa202423 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202423:id:202423 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: María Alexandra González Rodríguez Author-Name: Darly Dayana Murcia Lesmes Author-Name: Verenice Sánchez Castillo Title: Identification of rural contexts associated with cane cultivation Panelera: Santa Rita farm, Vereda Aguas Claras, Municipality of Albania, Caquetá Abstract: Despite the fact that the cultivation of sugarcane is not a very profitable production system due to the instability of the prices of panela in the international, national and local markets due to its competition with other sweetening products, the producer of the Santa Rita farm decided to bet on the implementation of this crop as the first agricultural system, However, the motivations that led him to make this decision were unknown, therefore, the objective of this research was to identify the reasons that led the producer to opt for the production of sugarcane as the first agricultural system taking into account the livestock background in the Santa Rita farm, municipality of Albania Caquetá. The research was carried out under the historical hermeneutic line, with a qualitative approach, an interview was conducted for the collection of data that were later triangulated. It was obtained that the producer, in spite of not knowing the agronomic requirements of the crop, recognizes the role that it has within the soil system, in addition, the lack of technical assistance at the moment of starting a new productive system is evidenced Pages: 10.56294/pa202424 DOI: 10.56294/pa202424 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202424:id:202424 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Herlinton Alejandro Reyes Benavides Author-Name: Verenice Sánchez Castillo Title: Design of a local strategy for strengthening food sovereignty: the case of the el Pedregal municipal property of Villagarzón Putumayo Abstract: Introduction: the article discusses the evolution of global food systems, highlighting how advances in science, technology, and international markets have led to an automated food model. This model has increased food production to combat food insecurity, but has also generated significant negative impacts on the environment, communities, and human health. The persistence of food insecurity, the deterioration of arable land and the intensive use of agrochemicals are central issues. In Colombia, and specifically in Putumayo, agriculture is crucial to the economy, but faces challenges due to globalization and dependence on agrochemicals. Methods: the study focused on the department of Putumayo, Colombia, specifically in the municipality of Villagarzón and the El Pedregal farm. Adopting a social critical approach, a non-experimental and descriptive design with a cross-sectional scope was employed, using interviews to collect qualitative data. The selection of key informants was based on criteria related to economic dependence on agriculture and recognition of agroecology as an alternative method. Results: the interviews revealed a perception of food sovereignty as an expression of independence in agricultural and livestock production. Challenges identified include the need for investment and incentives, overcoming cultural barriers and the importance of effective technical advice. Technology transfer, focusing on integrated pest management and the use of on-farm inputs, was highlighted as crucial for the transition to agroecological practices. Challenges include overcoming cultural and economic constraints and the need for committed, quality advice. Conclusions: strengthening food sovereignty in Villagarzón, Putumayo, requires a local strategy that promotes producer independence, encourages internal production, and ensures the commitment and active participation of both producers and technicians. Complementarity, understood as collective work to obtain and govern resources and capacities, emerges as a key to the sustainable development of the agricultural community. The importance of quality technical assistance and a focus on agroecology is emphasized Pages: 10.56294/pa202425 DOI: 10.56294/pa202425 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202425:id:202425 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joan Sebastián Noguera Cardona Author-Name: Verenice Sánchez Castillo Title: Misleading advertising of the food industry as a strategy to incentivize consumption even in the face of the enactment of the junk food law Abstract: Objective: to know the characteristics of misleading advertising in the food industry as a strategy to encourage consumption even with the enactment of the junk food law - 2021. Method: qualitative, descriptive research is carried out with a family from the municipality from Pitalito in the department of Huila, the instrument used was the interview. Results: the calorie intake of ultra-processed foods is an indicator of nutritional quality, these foods have a lower nutritional quality than fresh or minimally processed foods combined. Discussions: nutrition messages that appear on food labels deserve special attention, due to misinformation and misleading advertising. Junk Food Project 167 of 2019 is aimed at improving this information. Conclusions: It is necessary for the food industry to guarantee the full protection and prevalence of consumer rights. Various sectors of society and the government itself have mobilized in favor of the drafting of more restrictive legislation in relation to the advertising of unhealthy foods and beverages directed at children Pages: 10.56294/pa202426 DOI: 10.56294/pa202426 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202426:id:202426 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daniela Álvarez García Author-Name: Diana Yarledy Cruz Cerón Author-Name: Verenice Sánchez Castillo Title: Analysis of farmers' imaginary around the transition and adoption of the new livestock reconversion model in the municipality of Cartagena del Chairá Abstract: Traditional livestock systems have generated unfavorable changes in the ecosystem and, in turn, its management does not present sustainability in the property that runs it as the main economic activity. Therefore, the imaginary of the producer regarding the approach of livestock reconversion from traditional livestock systems to sustainable systems is unknown. The work was carried out on the Los Laureles farm, belonging to the municipality of Cartagena del Chairá, which presented extensive livestock farming as the only activity that generates economic resources. Data collection was carried out through an interview. In results and discussion, three perceptions focused on technical-productive, socio-humanistic and economic areas were obtained. The perception of the producer was positive, although the implementation of the reconversion presents external factors that directly influence the economy and availability of time of the farmer Pages: 10.56294/pa202427 DOI: 10.56294/pa202427 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202427:id:202427 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Florencia Nerea Baldini Author-Name: Silvia Biernenbaum Title: Responsibility of the health team in caring for the environment: Assessment from bioethics Abstract: Background: hospital establishments, like any other institution, are waste-producing sites which will require proper handling, transportation, treatment, and final disposal. The objective of this study is the bioethical analysis about the scale of responsibility that the health team has with respect to the care of the environment. Being able in this way, to find the shortcomings or weak points in which emphasis should be placed in order to promote a more sustainable work ethic and, therefore, a decrease in the production of hospital waste. The problem of contamination of natural environments directly affects the health of the population. This not only demands an urgent awareness about caring for the environment, but also invites the incorporation of reflection on the responsibility for the generation of waste in the area of health care, with the aim of generating specific policies and behaviors. and concrete. In this sense, personalistic bioethics is a useful tool, since it combines the world of health sciences with the assessment of human acts. Material and methods: a semi-structured, validated, anonymous and voluntary survey was carried out on 213 people who belong to the staff of the Francisco Santojanni Donation Hospital during the months of October-November of the year 2022. Results: it was obtained that 76,1 % of the respondents have knowledge about the burning of potentially pathogenic waste. About 98,12 % consider that there should be a program to reduce the pollution produced by hospitals and 98,6 % would be willing to modify certain actions in order to achieve a hospital with lower levels of contamination. The 95,8 % believe that the entire health team should actively participate in pollution reduction programs. Conclusion: most of the surveyed want new, more environmentally and friendly measures to be implemented, but they agree that it should be addressed to all hospital staff and in all areas of the hospital in order to work together. It is clear that the life of people and communities cannot develop if it is not in relation to the environment, so the need to act responsibly in the health fields to protect the life and health of human beings from this and future generations Pages: 10.56294/pa202428 DOI: 10.56294/pa202428 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202428:id:202428 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rosineide Ponciano Queiroz Araújo Author-Name: Silvia Judith Birnenbaum Title: Maternal breastfeeding and labor inclusión Abstract: Introduction: breast milk is the natural and optimal food for the newborn in the first 6 months. Returning to work is one of the periods with the highest risk of discontinuing exclusive breastfeeding, leading mothers to adopt supplementation with milk formulas or even interrupt breastfeeding. Objective: the objective of this study is to identify the facilitators and barriers of mothers in returning to work. Material and method: it is a qualitativequantitative descriptive cross-sectional study. A survey was carried out using a form, made up of 15 closed and open questions. Results: of the 86 interviewed, 98 % continued breastfeeding, at the time of the interview 27 % were receiving breastfeeding, among those who finished, 53,4 % sustained breastfeeding for more than 6 months. The length of leave was mostly between 21 and 45 days, presence of a lactation room (28,5 %), refrigerator for milk storage (57,1 %), breast pump (17,8 %). %), chairs and support tables (46,5 %). Work spaces do not consider the needs to support breastfeeding (68 %). Conclusion: strategies aimed at improving public policies to promote, protect and support breastfeeding for working women, taking into account the numerous benefits it entails for the infant, the mother, and society as a whole Pages: 10.56294/pa202429 DOI: 10.56294/pa202429 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202429:id:202429 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wênnia Suelem Fontinele Silva Author-Name: Silvia J. Birnenbaum Title: Bioethical assessment of embryo donation for research Abstract: Introduction: the present study aims to assess, from the bioethical tool, the use of embryos for scientific research and its impact on society. The research question is posed: "what bioethical aspects are related to the donation of excess embryos from cryopreservation laboratories?". The secondary objectives include determining the level of knowledge of the population about assisted reproduction techniques, identifying knowledge about the possible destinations of cryopreserved embryos and evaluating the positioning capacity of the population regarding ethical and moral issues. Method: observational study of a statistical nature through a questionnaire with relevant questions on the subject of bioethics in the investigation of surplus embryos from cryopreservation. The study population was composed of people of different sex and age, who are interested in gynecology issues. Results: the survey reveals that 55,8 % knew about assisted fertilization techniques, 80,8 % knew what IVF was, 69,2 % were unaware of related laws, 84,6 % understood informed consent in cryopreservation , 46 % would not sign a long-term consent, 80,4 % knew about cryopreservation, 82,7 % support embryo freezing, 72,5 % support embryo research, and there are divided opinions about its status : 60,8 % cells, 51,9 % human beings. Conclusion: the survey reveals that the participants have a general knowledge about assisted fertilization techniques and support the cryopreservation of embryos for research. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the laws that govern these techniques. Opinions are also divided on the nature and status of the frozen embryos. These results are relevant for the ethical debate and the regulation of practices related to embryos Pages: 10.56294/pa202430 DOI: 10.56294/pa202430 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202430:id:202430 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fernanda Mellany Alves da Silva Author-Name: Estela Acosta Title: Observational study of sociocultural candidates of legal termination of pregnancy Abstract: Background: ILE (legal interruption of pregnancy) is a legal right of all people with the capacity to gestate that was promulgated in January 2021 – Law 27,610, its application being mandatory throughout the Argentine Republic. Introduction: ILE provides the interruption up to the 14th week of pregnancy and the procedure must be performed up to ten days after the interruption has been requested. The law is applicable to any age, including adolescents under 16 years of age, and in these cases, it is not necessary to submit an affidavit, since any activity that involves children is considered sexual violence. The Medical teams must guarantee privacy, autonomy, confidentiality, and dignified treatment. Material and method: a series of anonymous data was compiled from patients at the Ana Goitia acute maternal and Child specialized hospital of patients who requested ILE during the first trimester of pregnancy to establish the socio-cultural profile of these patients. Results: an analysis was carried out on 522 women who requested ILE in 2021 and 2022, and it could be inferred that the number of patients who requested ILE according to age was (10,5 %) of patients aged 10 to 19 years, (51,3 %) of the patients with 20 to 29 years, (33,3 %) of the patients with 30 to 39 years and (5,0 %) of the patients with 40 to 49 years. In addition, within the MAC (contraceptive methods) chosen by these people after adequate counseling and the procedure, the IUD was chosen by (50,9 %), the SIU had a percentage of (100 %), the ACI (45.2 %), the ISD had a (50 %) and the ACO (55,2 %). Conclusion: it has been verified that not only counseling about contraceptives is important, but also social, family, and economic support as a support resource for the most vulnerable groups, before and after the legal interruption Pages: 10.56294/pa202431 DOI: 10.56294/pa202431 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202431:id:202431 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jorge Ernesto Hernández Estevez Author-Name: Javier Gonzalez-Argote Title: Community participation in the Latin American context: Bibliometric Analysis Abstract: Introduction: community participation and outreach constitute one of the key work tools for each science. Despite the existence of previous studies on this topic, it is necessary to have an overview of the current state of knowledge Objective: characterizes the scientific publications grouped in Scopus regarding community participation in the Latin American context Method: A bibliometric study was developed. 5 832 publications were analyzed as the research universe. Bibliometric indicators were applied from the Scopus database and the Scival tool. Results: Articles published in 2022 predominated with 988 investigations (16,94 %). The thematic areas of social sciences stood out (2,639 investigations; 45,25 %). The relationship between the different thematic areas was mostly heterogeneous, with greater participation from the medical sciences. Articles published in research article format stood out with 4,196 investigations, equivalent to 71,94 %. The largest number of articles was published in journals located in quartile 1 (Q1) with 2,407 investigations (41,27 %). The researches with authors from the United States (4 933 articles; 84,58 %) and Canada (885 works; 15,17 %) stood out. Conclusions: scientific production on community participation in the Latin American context was characterized by gradual growth. In turn, in correlation with a heterogeneous behavior of the branches of sciences involved in scientific activity. The center of the research responds to original articles located in the countries with the highest rate of scientific activity Pages: 10.56294/pa202432 DOI: 10.56294/pa202432 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202432:id:202432 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: María Del Pilar León Bautista Author-Name: Nicole Gonzalez Betancourt Title: Perception of the musical genre of Hip Hop among youths aged 16 to 20 residing in the locality of Ciudad Bolívar, Bogotá, Colombia Abstract: This paper presents the results of a qualitative research conducted with a group of young people from Ciudad Bolivar, located in Bogota, Colombia. The research was carried out with the support of the Fundación Universitaria San Martín and the parish Santa Margarita Reina de Escocia, with the objective of understanding the perception of the Hip Hop musical genre among the youth of Ciudad Bolívar. To collect the data, an in-depth interview instrument was used, applied to a Scout organization made up of young people from different sectors of the locality. Through the analysis of the results, the perception of Hip Hop was identified and the musical genre with the greatest acceptance was determined, as well as the musical tastes and preferences with which young people feel identified in Ciudad Bolivar. This locality, located in the southwest of the city, is characterized by its wide cultural diversity. The objective of the study is to deepen the understanding of Hip Hop as a form of cultural expression, analyzing its language, emotional meaning and its impact on the identity of young people in this community. The study seeks to determine the social and cultural association that young people have with this urban genre, through their individual perceptions and conceptualizations. In summary, the study aims to give a deeper sense of the meaning that the youth of Ciudad Bolivar attribute to Hip Hop within their sociocultural context Pages: 10.56294/pa202433 DOI: 10.56294/pa202433 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202433:id:202433 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elisa M. Teixeira Villamediana Author-Name: Estela Hernández-Runque Title: From words to actions: Maternity and work protection, a view from Venezuelan legislation Abstract: The value of caregiver has been attributed to women due to their reproductive social role; motherhood therefore carries a social value that is sometimes confronted with productive life. Currently, there are policies to protect maternity at work worldwide by promoting equality of employment and salary, generating opportunities for working women and protecting them from working conditions that may negatively affect their pregnancy and motherhood and even from discrimination due to maternity, however its coverage and scope is very diverse, responding to economic and political interests, which has caused pregnancy or the possibility of pregnancy to become the most frequent form of discrimination against women in the workplace. throughout the world, generating a significant psychosocial risk. The objective of the research was to analyze the protection of maternity and work from Venezuelan legislation Pages: 10.56294/pa202434 DOI: 10.56294/pa202434 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202434:id:202434 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tamara Abigail Bitar Author-Name: Marta Pérez Author-Name: Américo Sirvente Author-Name: Luis Bonatti Author-Name: Bettina Sassu Title: Social resilience and higher education: strategies for educational continuity and pillars in times of pandemic from student perspectives Abstract: The study aims at a first approach to university students in relation to the group/collective anchors they had, during the COVID 19 pandemic, and made viable the continuity of their career, instead of abandoning it. Two main objectives of the current research are: To know the resilient strategies that made possible the educational continuity of Social Work and Political Science students during the pandemic. To describe the social anchors of the students that favored such continuity. The methodology implemented is based on an exploratory descriptive study, whose first approach is based on the triangulation of qualitative and quantitative methods. So far, 50 % of the research plan has been achieved Pages: 10.56294/pa202436 DOI: 10.56294/pa202436 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202436:id:202436 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Liliana Margarita Castro Genes Title: Didactic route in mediation and conflict resolution to promote a culture of peace from the teaching practice in elementary school Abstract: This document shows the results of the research on mediation and conflict resolution as pillars in the promotion of peace culture from the practice of elementary school teachers, whose general objective is to generate a didactic route in mediation and conflict resolution to promote peace culture from the teaching practice in elementary schools of official educational institutions in the urban area of Monteria. It is based on an interpretative paradigm, with a phenomenological method and a hermeneutic approach. In addition, it is based on a qualitative type of research. The population is made up of the teachers of the official educational institutions of the urban area of Monteria and the sample is made up of the elementary school teachers of these institutions. The data collection techniques applied were observation, since this allows the researcher to observe the participants in the research process. In addition, the semi-structured interview and the focus group were applied. The research provided a comprehensive view of how mediation and conflict resolution strategies can be effectively integrated into the school curriculum and teaching practice, thus contributing to the promotion of a culture of peace in the educational environment Pages: 10.56294/pa202439 DOI: 10.56294/pa202439 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202439:id:202439 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kilia Piedrahita Hoyos Title: Technological mediations in environmental education. Analysis from the teacher’s point of view Abstract: The objective of this research was to analyze the considerations of elementary school teachers of urban official institutions in the city of Monteria on the use of technological mediations in environmental education. It is based on the interpretative epistemic model, with a qualitative type of research. Likewise, it assumes the phenomenological method, with a field design. A semi-structured interview and a focus group were used to collect information. The integration of ICT tools in the pedagogical practices of teachers is done in a strategic manner and oriented to active and collaborative learning. For example, teachers use online platforms to assign research projects and collaboration among students, encouraging teamwork and problem solving. One of the most recurrent difficulties identified by teachers is the digital divide, which refers to inequalities in access to and use of technology among students. This gap can manifest itself in the lack of adequate devices, limited internet connectivity or lack of digital skills, which limits the scope and effectiveness of ICT-based teaching strategies. Teachers recognize the importance of addressing this gap to ensure equity in access to educational opportunities Pages: 10.56294/pa202440 DOI: 10.56294/pa202440 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202440:id:202440 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Delio Jacobo Mora Pontiluis Author-Name: Edibeth Joselin Mora Atencio Author-Name: Emérita Sofia Muñoz Estrada Title: Importance of the knowledge and uses of popular music in the social learning of students Abstract: The present work seeks to raise awareness of the knowledge and use of popular music, which affect the social learning of the students of the Faculty of Education of the University of La Guajira. The transcendence and the roots of popular music, especially the vallenato in the daily life of the students of this population, the learning for life. Once the application instruments and all the epistemological theoretical reference were designed, we proceeded to the application of the measurement tools. The interviews with the students were conducted at the Faculty of Education of the University of La Guajira. Critical judgment experts were interviewed in the cities of Riohacha and Valledupar. Analysis, interpretation, segmentation and codification of the responses were recorded in the qualitative analysis matrix designed for this purpose. A preliminary conclusion was made for each question and served as input for the results, conclusions and final recommendations of the project. The work shows the decipherment and social consensus that vallenato music is a frame of reference fixed by culture and that its meaning is only understandable in relation to the determined social context. This scenario or context fixes the communicative role of music in the individual. When interpreting the imaginaries that most affect the social learning of the students of the Faculty of Education in relation to the use of vallenata music, both the voices of the students and the experts, a strong inclination towards machismo and hedonistic behavior is found Pages: 10.56294/pa202441 DOI: 10.56294/pa202441 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202441:id:202441 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Angel Nava Chirinos Author-Name: Samara Ortega Author-Name: Yelianys Marín Title: Emotional experiences of single mother students at the university of la guajira: “a focus on the formation of entrepreneurs in emerging social environments” Abstract: The article explores the emotional experiences of single mothers who are simultaneously pursuing university studies at the University of La Guajira. The study focuses on the development of entrepreneurial skills in these emerging social environments. The research draws on interviews and qualitative analysis to examine the emotional challenges these women face as they balance academic, family, and entrepreneurial responsibilities. The importance of social support networks and educational resources is highlighted to mitigate stress and facilitate access to higher education. In conclusion, the study provides a comprehensive view of the emotional experiences of single student mothers, highlighting the importance of integrated approaches that foster their academic and entrepreneurial development in evolving social environments Pages: 10.56294/pa202443 DOI: 10.56294/pa202443 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202443:id:202443 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alexandra Mosquera Trujillo Author-Name: Agueda Yonelis Rojano Alvarado Author-Name: Zaadry Vanessa Robles Julio Title: Occupational and job orientation: a new transformative experience in socially vulnerable communities Abstract: Occupational and work guidance from a transformative experience in vulnerable communities offers a new perspective for students in their transition from the school world to the world of work. When adopting this perspective, significant challenges arise, such as lack of resources, resistance to change, poor coordination between different educational agents and the diversity of student needs. However, in the long term, occupational and career guidance can offer benefits such as greater return potential, the ability to take full advantage of the benefits of compound interest, fewer expenses, and reduced investment risk. These benefits can contribute to the development of more solid life projects and more informed decision-making by students Pages: 10.56294/pa202444 DOI: 10.56294/pa202444 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202444:id:202444 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laura Arevalo Aguilar Laura Arevalo Aguilar Title: Pedagogy of love on the way to the inclusion of people with Down Syndrome through the provision of sports education Abstract: The article addresses the use of love pedagogy as an effective approach to promote the inclusion of people with Down syndrome through sports education. It highlights how this approach, centered on love, empathy and mutual respect, can create an environment conducive to the active participation and comprehensive development of individuals with Down syndrome in sporting activities. Specific pedagogical strategies, such as adapting activities and individualized attention, are discussed to ensure an inclusive and enriching experience for all participants. The fundamental role of sports education is highlighted as a tool to promote social inclusion, empowerment and improving the quality of life of people with Down syndrome Pages: 10.56294/pa202445 DOI: 10.56294/pa202445 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202445:id:202445 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Emérita Muñoz Estrada Author-Name: Norys Jiménez Pitre Author-Name: Delio Mora Pontiluis Title: Promoting peace education in schools: management strategies for comprehensive early childhood education in La Guajira Abstract: This paper is based on a research that explores the relationship between coexistence and school peace as a fundamental basis for the quality of early childhood education in the Department of La Guajira, Colombia. The study, framed in a participatory action research methodology with a qualitative and quantitative approach, aimed to contribute to the formation of a culture of peace in children through the implementation of a program of school coexistence managers Pages: 10.56294/pa202446 DOI: 10.56294/pa202446 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202446:id:202446 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yilena Montero Reyes Title: Durkheim’s contributions to Cultural Studies. A look from the social sciences Abstract: Émile Durkheim, a leading sociologist of the French Third Republic, did not limit himself to scientific production, but was actively engaged in the political and social problems of his time. Durkheim developed a «science of morality» and of political and social institutions, emphasizing the relationship between morality, the individual and society. According to Durkheim, the individual is born of society, and not the other way around, implying that social facts coerce and determine the lives of individuals from outside. The human body, although recognized as dual (biological and social), is considered less relevant than the social facts that condition it. Durkheim argued that society imposes norms and regulates the behavior of individuals, who are born into an already established system that coerces them. For him, society is a specific reality that surpasses the sum of individuals and has an existence independent of them. This is reflected in his analysis of the division of labor, where social morality and the restrictions imposed by society are essential to avoid destructive tendencies in the individual. In addition, Durkheim emphasized the role of the state, derived from society, in maintaining national cohesion. According to him, the function of government is to protect citizens and to lead society to its proper end, always respecting freedom of thought. He criticized both the socialist theory, which subordinates the individual to the state, and the liberal theory, which considers society as an abstraction. For Durkheim, authority must be based on a rational belief in it on the part of the citizens, without which the nation would fall into chaos Pages: 10.56294/pa202456 DOI: 10.56294/pa202456 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202456:id:202456 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yilena Montero Reyes Title: Culture as a constitutive dimension of social life: theoretical proposals of Raymond Williams and Clifford Geertz. Convergences and divergences Abstract: Clifford Geertz, in his seminal work “The Interpretation of Cultures” (1973), proposes that culture should be understood as a system of symbolic meanings that are interpreted rather than seeking laws through experimentation. Geertz stresses that culture is a web of meanings and that anthropology should focus on the interpretation of these symbolic meanings. His semiotic perspective holds that culture is a text that people read and create to make sense of their experiences. On the other hand, Raymond Williams criticizes the base-superstructure model, arguing that culture is an active meaning-making process that permeates all social actions. Williams argues that cultural practices are both social and material and that the economy is intrinsically linked to culture. Both authors agree that culture is fundamental to understanding social actions and history. Geertz focuses on symbolic interpretation, while Williams stresses the relationship between culture and economics, proposing a view of cultural materialism that incorporates cultural production as an essential part of social life. Culture, according to Williams, must be seen as an integral process that includes conflict and change, and not simply as isolated products of society. In abstract, the work of Geertz and Williams provides a profound understanding of culture as a web of symbolic meanings that must be interpreted in order to understand social dynamics and historical processes Pages: 10.56294/pa202457 DOI: 10.56294/pa202457 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202457:id:202457 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Doris Leonor Acuña Mendoza Author-Name: Wilmer Jose Torres Brugés Title: ICT as a Dynamizing Axis in the Generation of Indicators for the Social Appropriation of Knowledge in the Research Groups of the University of La Guajira Abstract: In an increasingly digitalized and globalized era, it is vital to promote research and innovation in higher education institutions to have the ability to effectively manage knowledge and take advantage of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Therefore, the combination of these tools is essential to improve efficiency, encourage collaboration and facilitate the dissemination of knowledge in the university environment. The present study focuses on analyzing knowledge management and the use of ICT in the research groups of the University of La Guajira, located in Colombia. In theoretical terms, various sources are used such as M.A. Soto Balbón, N.M. Barrios Fernández (2015), Cabero (2015), Carneiro (2009), among other relevant authors. The research approach is descriptive, with a non-experimental and field design, of a transectional type. The sample included 80 directors belonging to categorized and uncategorized research groups, covering a complete population census. A questionnaire was used with 20 dichotomous items and five response options. The results indicated that the members of the research groups have access to the ICT infrastructure and show adequate management of it. Furthermore, the fundamental role of networks for the transfer of knowledge is highlighted, placing this aspect at a moderate level of effectiveness Pages: 10.56294/pa202458 DOI: 10.56294/pa202458 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202458:id:202458 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Emerita Muñoz Estrada Author-Name: Rafael Cuentas Figueroa Author-Name: Noris Laudith Jiménez Pitre Title: Reading comprehension levels in mestizo children from La Guajira: a comparative analysis between literary and scientific texts Abstract: This study analyzes the levels of reading comprehension, both literal and inferential, in white mestizo children of 11 and 12 years of age from schools in the Department of La Guajira, Colombia. The results obtained in two types of texts are compared: artistic-recreational and techno-scientific. A sample of 106 children in 5th grade of elementary school, from 14 schools distributed in 5 zones of the department, were given 424 reading tests. The evaluation instruments were based on the approaches of authors such as Ramos Chagoya, De Zubiría, Martínez and Cuentas. The results reveal that the averages of literal comprehension in artistic-recreational texts are significantly higher than those of inferential comprehension in these texts. Similarly, a significant difference is observed in favor of literal comprehension in artistic-recreational texts compared to literal comprehension in techno-scientific texts. As for the comparison between literal and inferential comprehension in techno-scientific texts, no significant difference was found. However, a significant difference was found between literal comprehension of artistic-recreational texts and low literal comprehension in techno-scientific texts. In relation to the percentage of students who passed the reading comprehension tests, it was observed that this was higher in the cases of literal comprehension in both artistic-recreational and techno-scientific texts, compared to inferential comprehension in techno-scientific texts. The study shows significant gaps in the reading comprehension levels of mestizo children from La Guajira, according to the type of text and the level of comprehension (literal or inferential). These findings suggest the need to implement pedagogical strategies that strengthen inferential comprehension of texts, particularly in the scientific and technical fields. Pages: 10.56294/pa202459 DOI: 10.56294/pa202459 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202459:id:202459 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yadis Hoyos Title: School coexistence as a support to the administration of educational institutions in Monteria Abstract: School coexistence in culturally diverse environments presents significant challenges, essential for the inclusion and integral formation of students. Facing conflicts arising from the diversity of origins and beliefs, schools play a crucial role in creating environments that promote respect and tolerance, allowing students to become active and aware citizens. Therefore, the objective of the research was to understand how the management of school coexistence contributes with its support to the administration in the official educational institutions of Monteria from the construction of theoretical-practical guidelines. This study adopts an introspective, experiential and hermeneutic approach, exploring how values and norms are interpreted and lived within the school environment, which is vital to develop administrative policies and strategies that effectively respond to the needs of the educational community. Data analysis through in-depth interviews and documentary review allows for a detailed and contextualized understanding of school coexistence, highlighting the need for strategies that foster dialogue and cooperation. It was concluded that school coexistence is more than just peaceful coexistence; it is a dynamic component of the educational process that prepares students to face and resolve conflicts, promoting democracy and inclusion. Effective management of school coexistence requires informed and committed leadership, capable of cultivating and maintaining these values through consistent and reflective educational practices Pages: 10.56294/pa202460 DOI: 10.56294/pa202460 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202460:id:202460 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michelle Ramirez Author-Name: Victoriano Rodriguez Otero Title: Development of political leadership skills in Panamanian children through the virtual program: Niño Presidente Abstract: From infancy, we absorb influences from our caregivers and environment that shape us. As we grow up, these stimuli shape our future decisions, from financial matters to our political participation. Early understanding of the consequences of our actions makes us more conscientious citizens. It is essential to educate children in moral values and in their ability to be agents of change in society. The "Child President" model proposes to teach children from a young age about their rights and responsibilities, enabling them to address real problems with creativity and leadership Pages: 10.56294/pa202437 DOI: 10.56294/pa202437 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202437:id:202437 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Militza Margareth Mejía Jiménez Author-Name: Horacio Bienvenido Suarez Barros Title: Cultural entrepreneurship for social development in ethnic communities of the special tourist and cultural district of Riohacha Guajira Abstract: The objective was to analyze cultural entrepreneurship for social development in ethnic communities of the Special Tourist and Cultural District of Riohacha. Cultural entrepreneurship was dimensioned in factors that foster cultural entrepreneurship and economic structure, methodologically it took quantitative approach, applied research, field, non-experimental; its instrument was the survey, validated by 3 experts; with reliability Crombach's Alpha index 0.79; the population was 86 families and optimal sample of 70. The results showed that in factors that foster cultural entrepreneurship, respondents, almost always saw the occurrence, for their entrepreneurial spirit, innovative tendency or management strategies in cultural business. In economic structure, they occasionally observed costs, expenses and investments; in cultural initiative they agreed that ethnic communities have cultural expressions recognized as identity of the territory for entrepreneurial development. In the inventory of cultural resources, they agreed in their determination, because they recognize the production of handicrafts and from their own cosmovision they are promoters of social development. It was concluded that the factors that promote cultural entrepreneurship in ethnic communities of the Riohacha District are almost always the entrepreneurial spirit and innovation as the management strategies adopted for their cultural businesses Pages: 10.56294/pa202438 DOI: 10.56294/pa202438 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202438:id:202438 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Diana Monserrate Loor Andrade Author-Name: Alisson Nicole Machuca Castro Author-Name: Ruddy Katherine Merino Zúñiga Author-Name: Jenrry Fredy Chávez-Arizala Title: Food practices in children of the “Casa Hogar de Jesús” in Santo Domingo Abstract: Introduction: the dietary practice in children is in line with the need that food intake must meet the daily needs that life and physical activity demand. Objective: to determine the level of dietary practices of children aged 5 to 16 years at the Casa Hogar de Jesús. Method: a quantitative, observational, descriptive and prospective study was carried out to measure the number of children at the "Hogar de Jesús" House who presented an adequate level of dietary procedures and, at the same time, to know the estimate of people at risk due to inadequate practices during the year 2024. A study sample of 50 children between 5 and 16 years old was determined by simple random sampling. Results: 34 % of the sample was between 8 and 10 years old, 54 % rated their health level as very good, 100 % ate meat twice a week, 100 % of the sample said they ate vegetables three times a week, 100 % of the study participants stated that they do not consume artificial drinks, 90% indicated that they do not consume pacifiers, and 100 % of the participants consumed fruit. Conclusions: a state of good health and adequate nutrition is revealed among the children of the “Casa Hogar de Jesús” in Santo Domingo, maintaining diets rich in healthy products of animal and vegetable origin Pages: 10.56294/pa202557 DOI: 10.56294/pa202557 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202557:id:202557 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Diana Monserrate Loor Andrade Author-Name: Alisson Nicole Machuca Castro Author-Name: Ruddy Katherine Merino Zúñiga Author-Name: Jenrry Fredy Chávez-Arizala Title: Characterization of feeding practices in children Abstract: Introduction: nutrition, in addition to being the basis of a set of eating habits, adheres to the need with which food intake must meet the daily needs demanded by life and physical activity. Objective: to characterize eating practices in children. Method: a review of the available literature in databases such as SciELO, Scopus and ClinicalKey was carried out, from which a total of 15 related articles were consulted, empirical methods such as logical history and analysis and synthesis were used. Results: individuals in charge of children should wash their hands before preparing food and those of children before eating. Food should be preserved and stored safely and served immediately after preparation. Poor feeding practices and infections, often aggravated by poverty, humanitarian crises and conflicts, deprive them of adequate nutrition. Nutritional status is based on being the result of the intake and energy needs in the body, expressing a degree of well-being of people. Conclusions: a diet must be ensured that includes all the necessary foods to satisfy the nutritional and energy needs of the child in order to avoid diseases and ensure an optimal state of health Pages: 10.56294/pa202556 DOI: 10.56294/pa202556 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202556:id:202556 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jennifer Lizcano Ramírez Author-Name: Kerly Chila Pullas Author-Name: Patricia Moreira Zambrano Author-Name: Edgardo Nain Author-Name: Jenrry Fredy Chávez-Arizala Title: Quality of life level of older adults at the MIES Gerontological Center Abstract: Introduction: quality of life in older adults is a recurring topic due to the increase in this population segment in recent decades. Objective: to determine the level of quality of life of older adults at the MIES, belonging to the Provincial Directorate of Santo Domingo. Methods: research with a quantitative approach, non-experimental, descriptive and cross-sectional design. Universe: 176 older adults, of which a sample of 62 people was considered from a non-probabilistic convenience sampling. The instrument used was the "Whoqol - Bref" questionnaire consisting of 31 questions divided into sociodemographic data, perception, satisfaction and dimensions on quality of life. The values obtained were transcribed in an Excel document; the results of the analysis were presented in contingency tables to facilitate their interpretation. Results: 53 % were male and 46, 8 % female; another important fact was that 87, 1 % reported that they currently have some disease. Regarding the quality of life level, 58 % of the older adults at the MIES presented a very good level and 43 % a good level. However, the factors that presented risk percentages were the following: regarding the psychological dimension, 32, 3 % responded that they almost always have negative feelings, which makes their integration with others difficult, since 11, 3 % reported being very dissatisfied with their personal relationships and 16,1 % not very. Conclusions: The quality of life of the older adults at the MIES Gerontological Center in Santo Domingo is generally good, but some risk factors were identified in the psychological, physical and social dimensions that require specific attention Pages: 10.56294/pa202555 DOI: 10.56294/pa202555 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202555:id:202555 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yilena Montero Reyes Author-Name: Solange Jurado Author-Name: Marco Pullaguari Author-Name: Alexander Llano Title: Social perception on the legalization of abortion Abstract: Introduction: the legalization of abortion can be deduced as a current issue since it can be evidenced by various factors and events that have been put into public discussion around the world. Objective: to characterize aspects related to the legalization of abortion. Method: a review of the available bibliography in databases such as SciELO, Scopus and ClinicalKey was carried out, from which a total of 14 related articles were consulted, empirical methods such as logical history and analysis and synthesis were used. Results: the topic of abortion today is relevant since it is a public health problem and is present in our current social context. Research into people's opinions provides a valuable component on how society perceives the topic of abortion. In the case of women, the desired pregnancy represents a series of motivations related to some type of benefit that motherhood grants her. Abortion is the interruption of pregnancy before the estimated time of gestation of the woman is fulfilled. It is important to address this research topic in social psychology. Conclusions: the legalization of abortion in cases of rape contributes to the dignity of the pregnant woman. The issue of decriminalization is still controversial in the country because the Ecuadorian constitution does not approve the legality of this Pages: 10.56294/pa202554 DOI: 10.56294/pa202554 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202554:id:202554 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: María Alejandra López Riaño Author-Name: Paula Valentina Cruz Castro Author-Name: Laura Stephania Capera Culma Title: Labor inclusion of people with disabilities in Colombia Abstract: The low participation of people with disabilities in the labor market has been a problem that has existed for many years, however, it was not always a relevant issue as it is today and that is why this article will highlight the factors. that must be taken into account so that they can actively participate in the workplace. Objective: determine the aspects that influence the adequate labor inclusion of people with disabilities in companies and identify their employability trend. Method: a documentary review was carried out of the research and documents published during the last 5 years in relation to labor inclusion and employability trends for people with disabilities in Colombia. This collection of information had the library as its main source. digital CUN from which much of the data contained in this document was extracted. Analysis and integration of information: For the analysis of the information, the background of the topic, the laws and regulations, as well as the data collected quantitatively and qualitatively, were taken into account. Conclusions: labor inclusion is a very broad issue in which both employing companies and the government play an important role since they must provide the necessary guarantees to achieve active participation in the business environment of people with disabilities Pages: 10.56294/pa202553 DOI: 10.56294/pa202553 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202553:id:202553 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alan Daniel Torruco González Title: Municipal Contentious-Administrative Courts and Their Role in Promoting Social Welfare: A Comparative Analysis Abstract: Introduction: The right of access to justice in Mexico is guaranteed by the Constitution and international treaties. In the judicial sphere, the General Directorate of Judicial Statistics (DGEJ) is responsible for collecting and analyzing data to evaluate the administration of justice. However, municipal administrative courts, such as the Administrative Litigation Court of the Municipality of Mérida (TCAMM), are not included in these statistics, making their evaluation difficult. Despite regulations requiring the publication of reports, no records were available for 2021 and 2022, affecting transparency and the right of access to justice. Development: The TCAMM was created in 2016 following a constitutional reform that allowed the establishment of municipal courts in certain states. In Yucatán, this court was established in the local Constitution and regulated by the Law of Government of the Municipalities of the State. However, previous reports identified threats such as the public’s lack of awareness about the court and the unilateral jurisdiction assumed by the Administrative Justice Court of the State of Yucatán (TJAY). This has led to jurisdictional conflicts, impacting the effectiveness of administrative justice. Conclusion: The lack of public awareness about the TCAMM and its jurisdictional overlap with the TJAY have negatively impacted access to justice in Mérida. The absence of clear and accessible information regarding its operations and its role in resolving administrative disputes poses a barrier for citizens. Greater transparency and regulatory adjustments are needed to prevent jurisdictional duplication. Pages: 10.56294/pa202552 DOI: 10.56294/pa202552 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202552:id:202552 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Agni Hazael Garduño Dávila Title: Cuba-Argentina-Mexico literary stops: from queer-cuir to the unclassifiable Abstract: Introduction: The article explored the meaning of sexogenic dissidence and its relationship to queer theories, questioning the boundaries of identity and classification. It highlighted how language and labels have attempted to name diverse identities and practices, although without managing to encompass all the existing diversity. The importance of visibility and problematization of the systems that organize and control gender identity and sexuality was also mentioned. Development: It was analyzed how the State and the market have intervened in the classification of identities, either to exercise control or to generate consumption niches within capitalism. Through the examples of Blanco, Sosa and Portela, it was shown how literature has questioned binarisms and power structures that exclude those who do not fit into them. In addition, the need to reimagine spaces of oppression from a Latin American perspective, moving away from an exclusively U.S. interpretation of queer, was highlighted. Conclusion: The article concluded that the visibilization of sex-gender dissidence was not enough if it continued to be absorbed by neoliberal logic. It emphasized the importance of articulating these struggles with other forms of oppression, seeking to deconstruct a dichotomous, modern, colonial and capitalist system. Finally, an approach was proposed that would allow solidarity with other social demands, transcending simple inclusion in the market. Pages: 10.56294/pa2024.51 DOI: 10.56294/pa2024.51 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:51:id:51 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daniella Cancino-Jiménez Author-Name: Miguel Valencia-Contrera Author-Name: Flérida Rivera-Rojas Author-Name: Jenifer Villa-Velasquez Title: Ethical aspects in research con native peoples in America Abstract: Introduction: Research involving indigenous populations is not exempt from ethical dilemmas during its execution. These populations are susceptible to being compromised, given that each indigenous group possesses its own culture, language, beliefs, and connection to their lands. Such research must navigate challenges such as respect for autonomy, justice, beneficence, and non-maleficence. Objective: To analyze the ethical considerations involved in research with indigenous peoples of the Americas. Methods: A rapid literature review was conducted across scientific databases including PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science (WOS), and the Virtual Health Library (BVS); in Spanish, English, and Portuguese; with no discrimination regarding the type of study. A total of 668 studies were identified, with the final sample consisting of 13 studies. Results: Ethical concerns have predominantly centered on individual rights, with free, prior, and informed consent being the most frequently compromised aspect. There is a need to protect this process and its application from the perspective of each indigenous group's worldview. Conclusions: It is necessary to develop strategies that are centered on the characteristics of indigenous peoples, including the adaptation and/or expansion of ethical principles in a manner that is coherent and respectful of their beliefs, practices, customs, and health phenomena. Pages: 10.56294/pa2024.50 DOI: 10.56294/pa2024.50 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:50:id:50 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yilena Montero Reyes Author-Name: Andreina Baque Estefany Author-Name: Yaritza Yanina Bravo Ordoñez Author-Name: Wilson Israel Ortega Lema Author-Name: Alexandra Patricia Parrales Ramírez Author-Name: Christian Genaro Ronquillo Figueroa Title: Technological resources to promote dynamic participation in the area of social studies of seventh grade students of basic education in the educational unit "Education and Truth" in the 2024-2025 school year Abstract: Introduction: in the current educational context, the strategic use of technological resources has become an essential component to enrich the learning experience of students. Objective: to determine the influence of technological resources in the area of social studies to promote the dynamic participation of seventh-year students of basic education in the "Education and Truth" school during the 2024-2025 school year. Method: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out on the importance of technological resources to promote dynamic participation in the area of social studies of seventh grade students of basic education in the educational unit "Education and Truth" in the 2024-2025 school year. Results: regarding the frequency with which they use technological devices for educational activities, 53% responded that they do so 4 to 6 times a week, 33% stated that the use of these updated resources within the social sciences subject is very important, a considerable proportion (30.00%) considers the implementation of technological resources important, according to them they consider that innovative teaching methods could improve learning, the vast majority of participants (83.33%) totally agree, the vast majority of participants (76.67%) totally agree that social sciences classes would be more interesting if technological resources were implemented. Conclusions: this methodology provides valuable information to strategically adapt the integration of technology in the classroom, promoting more effective, participatory and meaningful learning Pages: 10.56294/pa202548 DOI: 10.56294/pa202548 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202548:id:202548 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aldo César Guzmán Title: Faust and the History of Sanity: The Social Representations of Mental Health Abstract: Introduction: The article analyzed sanity as a social construct, shaped by various discourses throughout history. It examined how sanity, beyond mental health, was expressed in language, art, and literature. From the 19th century onwards, its conceptualization was influenced by modern science and psychiatry, establishing it as a form of social control. Development: The evolution of the concept of sanity was explored from Antiquity to modern times. In the Middle Ages, it was associated with prudence and cardinal virtues, whereas in the 19th century, it took on a normative role within the psychiatric field. Foucault pointed out that psychiatric power used sanity as a mechanism of control. Freud, in turn, questioned the existence of absolute sanity and highlighted the arbitrariness of its definition. Furthermore, literature reflected these ideas; in Faust, Goethe ridiculed modern reason and its impact on the construction of sanity. Conclusion: The article concluded that sanity did not have a single or universal meaning but rather varied according to historical contexts and power relations. Its conceptualization depended on philosophical, scientific, and artistic discourses, demonstrating that it cannot be objectively defined. Through Faust, Goethe criticized modern rationality and showed how sanity became a socially constructed illusion. Pages: 10.56294/pa202547 DOI: 10.56294/pa202547 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202547:id:202547 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Diego Armando Guzmán Villalba Title: Transvestism in the SS: Political Discourses Against Sexual Diversity During Nazi Germany Abstract: Introduction: In 2018, Martin Dammann, in collaboration with sociologist Harald Welzer, published Soldier Studies: Cross-dressing in der Wehrmacht, a photographic compilation of Nazi soldiers dressed in women’s clothing. This publication sparked immediate interest because, during the Nazi regime, homosexuality was persecuted under Article 175 of the Penal Code. The study of this phenomenon was relevant to gender and masculinity studies, as it demonstrated the complexities of self-expression, identity, and body politics. The Nazi regime imposed strict binary gender norms, rejecting any deviation from traditional masculinity. Consequently, transvestism, like homosexuality, was heavily stigmatized. Development: The theoretical framework of Michel Foucault’s concept of dispositif (apparatus) was used to analyze how discourses and power structures shape social norms. The Nazi discourse on sexuality was rooted in a rigid gender binary that condemned non-reproductive sexual practices. Historically, Germany had seen progressive attitudes toward sexual diversity during the Weimar Republic, with Berlin emerging as a safe space for LGBTQ+ individuals. However, when the Nazis seized power in 1933, they enacted policies that criminalized homosexuality and non-conforming gender expressions. Ernst Röhm, a high-ranking SA officer and an openly homosexual man, was assassinated during the Night of the Long Knives, demonstrating the Nazi regime’s intolerance. Institutions like the Reichszentrale zur Bekämpfung der Homosexualität und der Abtreibung were established to police sexuality, and thousands of homosexuals were arrested and sent to concentration camps, where they suffered extreme violence and medical experiments. Conclusion: Dammann’s photographic evidence suggested an underlying contradiction within Nazi ranks. While homosexuality and gender non-conformity were persecuted, soldiers in the Wehrmacht engaged in cross-dressing performances. This practice was framed as artistic expression rather than an identity claim, but it revealed an inherent tension in the hyper-masculine image the Nazi state sought to project. The study of these images exposed the gap between ideological discourse and lived reality, highlighting the complexity of gender and sexual diversity even within the most oppressive regimes. Pages: 10.56294/pa202545 DOI: 10.56294/pa202545 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202545:id:202545 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elena Montserrat Hernandez Luna Author-Name: Justino Castro Rodríguez Title: Municipality 59: Transition from the Delegation of Villa de Pozos Abstract: Introduction.The transition process of the Delegation of Villa de Pozos into a Free Municipality represented a milestone in the political and territorial history of San Luis Potosí. This transformation brought various challenges for its inhabitants, including legislative modifications, territorial reorganization, and changes in public administration. With more than 100,000 residents, Villa de Pozos underwent an evolution that culminated in its consolidation as the 59th municipality of the state. Development: Since its foundation in 1592, Villa de Pozos played a crucial role in the local economy as a benefit hacienda. Over the centuries, its political status changed multiple times, transitioning from a congregation to a municipality at different points in the 19th century. In 1946, its municipal status was abolished, and it was incorporated as a delegation of the municipality of San Luis Potosí. Starting in 1995, multiple attempts were made to regain its municipal status, but it was not until 2024, through Decree 1074, that its reinstatement as a Free Municipality was formally recognized. Conclusion:The creation of the Free Municipality of Villa de Pozos marked the culmination of a historic struggle for administrative and territorial autonomy. Despite governance and development challenges, the transition opened the door to a municipal administration with greater capacity to manage its own resources. With the appointment of a Municipal Council, Villa de Pozos embarked on a new stage in its institutional development, committed to strengthening its political and social structures. Pages: 10.56294/pa202544 DOI: 10.56294/pa202544 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202544:id:202544 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jorge Valido Alvarez Title: The Hegemonic Order in Water Management as a Guarantee of the Unequal Access to the Resource in Cuba Abstract: Introduction: Access to water has been considered one of the main challenges facing humanity today. Various narratives have framed water scarcity as an inevitable crisis, linking it to natural factors and population growth. However, this study analyzed whether this scarcity was genuinely a natural phenomenon or, instead, the result of a hegemonic order that promoted the commodification of water and the consolidation of unequal access. It examined how official narratives contributed to legitimizing policies that prioritized certain economic sectors to the detriment of the most vulnerable populations. Development: The study addressed the concept of domination in water management, understanding it as the imposition of administrative models by privileged groups that controlled access and distribution of the resource. It observed how government policies used scarcity discourses to justify the privatization and exploitation of water under market-driven logics. Internationally, it was evident that many nations adopted water management systems that favored the industrial and tourism sectors, while marginalized communities faced limited access to potable water. In the case of Cuba, the study identified the construction of an official narrative that concealed the precariousness of supply in vulnerable areas and used indoctrination mechanisms to minimize citizens' demands. Conclusion: The analysis concluded that the water crisis was not solely due to natural factors but was strongly influenced by political and economic decisions that reinforced inequality in access to the resource. The scarcity narrative served as a tool to legitimize water commodification, while the lack of an equitable approach to water management perpetuated social disparities. Pages: 10.56294/pa202543 DOI: 10.56294/pa202543 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202543:id:202543 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Iliana Viridiana Roa González Title: Youth Strategies in the Face of Climate and Educational Vulnerability Abstract: Introduction: The study analyzed the risk and vulnerability in the educational trajectory of indigenous youth as they progressed to postgraduate studies. It focused on students from Intercultural Universities and assessed the social, economic, and cultural conditions that influenced their academic development. The research explored the accumulation of disadvantages throughout their education and how transversal factors such as gender, age, and ethnicity impacted their access to and retention in higher education. Development: The analysis was based on semi-structured interviews with postgraduate students from various public universities in Mexico City. It was identified that educational vulnerability was not only a result of structural conditions but also of material and symbolic inequalities. The study examined educational segmentation and the creation of Intercultural Universities as a governmental strategy to include marginalized populations, although it also revealed that these institutions perpetuated institutional differences. Additionally, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was addressed, which amplified inequalities and forced indigenous students to develop strategies to cope with distance education, such as using community networks and strengthening digital literacy. Conclusion: The study concluded that the educational vulnerability of indigenous youth was exacerbated by the pandemic, highlighting structural inequality in access to education. However, it emphasized their resilience and the strategies they implemented to mitigate adverse effects. The denaturalization of disasters helped understand the intersection of social, economic, and political factors in the education of vulnerable populations. Pages: 10.56294/pa2024.42 DOI: 10.56294/pa2024.42 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:42:id:42 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miranda Ruiz Darien Title: differentiated vulnerability in age groups to the effects of climate change: the case of the metropolitan area of pachuca, hidalgo, mexico.vulnerabilidad Abstract: In Mexico, differentiated vulnerability is not recognized as a social and historical process that aggravates the fragility of populations in the face of urban risks related to climate change. The “Ley General de Protección Civil” does not consider specific vulnerabilities, resulting in the absence of specialized public policies. In the Metropolitan Zone of Pachuca (ZMP), Hidalgo, population growth and aging make it crucial to evaluate the conditions and resources to face climate risks, with a particular focus on the elderly, who are especially sensitive to these effects. The objective of the research is to establish the basis for designing public policies that address the differentiated vulnerability of age groups in the MPA, Hidalgo. For this purpose, it is necessary to dimension the vulnerability of this group and develop specific policy models to reduce disaster risk. In addition, environmental education is incorporated as a key tool to raise awareness among the population and stakeholders about the effects of climate change, in order to mitigate these risks and promote resilience. A mixed methodology was employed that includes documentary analysis on vulnerability, public policy design, evaluation of the existing legal framework and participatory action research for the educational component, aligned with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), 3 (Health and well-being), 11 (Sustainable cities), 13 (Climate action) and 17 (Partnerships to achieve the goals), with the aim of promoting partnerships between government, civil society and institutions involved. Pages: 10.56294/pa2024.41 DOI: 10.56294/pa2024.41 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:41:id:41 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: José Fernando Chávez Durán Author-Name: Rosalía López Paniagua Title: Water and Environmental Education: Pedagogical Field-Object in the Purépecha Indigenous Community of Naranja de Tapia, Michoacánagua Abstract: The present work outlines the guidelines of an ongoing research project within the framework of the Doctorate in Education program at the Michoacan Institute of Educational Sciences. Linking formal educational processes with the community space of Indigenous peoples for the generation of environmental knowledge is a growing trend in educational research. This approach is based on the practice and experience of teachers and co-producing social actors, emphasizing the relationship between the school and community spheres. The body of contributions generated by educational experiences in the community's hydric and social space makes it a relevant pedagogical field-object. The interactions among community actors manifest in norms, knowledge, actions, and practices related to both natural and artificial objects associated with water. From Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory perspective, these interactions create a vast repertoire of cultural and social capital, which basic education teachers can integrate into didactic strategies within formal education curricula. The importance of proximity between the school and its community environment suggests the relevance of a curricular pedagogical intervention, intertwining the knowledge from official educational programs with that learned through everyday community life related to water use and management. This approach aligns with the framework of the New Mexican School. The ongoing research employs horizontal methodologies such as ethnographic work and participatory mapping. Pages: 10.56294/pa202540 DOI: 10.56294/pa202540 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202540:id:202540 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Javier Almazán Aboytes Title: An Analysis of Socio-environmental Resistance in México Abstract: Introduction: The article analyzed socio-environmental resistances as a mechanism of struggle employed by communities and territories to defend themselves from external agents threatening their environment. It highlighted the opposition between a communitarian vision of the environment and the capitalist logic of exploitation, evidencing the constant repression and violence exercised against those who defend their territory. Development: From the perspective of political ecology, a perspective was presented that made it possible to understand socio-environmental resistance not only as a reaction, but as an articulated strategy in defense of life. It was emphasized that the struggle should not be limited to a theory, but should be translated into concrete actions that guarantee the continuity of resistance. It was mentioned that the climate and social crisis represented imminent threats to humanity, and that ignoring them would mean accepting environmental and social devastation Conclusions: The article concluded that vindicating and replicating socio-environmental struggles was fundamental for the protection of the planet and communities. A call was made to not forget those who sacrificed their lives for the cause, highlighting the importance of continuing the battle in different contexts. Resistance was presented as an act of hope and a commitment to the future of humanity. Pages: 10.56294/pa2024.39 DOI: 10.56294/pa2024.39 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:39:id:39 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yilena Montero Reyes Author-Name: Solange Jurado Author-Name: Marco Pullaguari Author-Name: Alexander Llano Title: Social perception of the legalization of abortion in young people aged 18 to 25 years at the University of the Armed Forces Espe, Latacunga Centro Campus Abstract: Introduction: the legalization of abortion can be deduced as a current issue since it can be evidenced by various factors and events that have been put into public discussion around the world. Objective: to determine the perception of students regarding the legalization of abortion. Method: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out on the social perception of the legalization of abortion in young people aged 18 to 25 years at the University of the Armed Forces Espe, Latacunga Centro Campus. The information was collected using a survey. Results: 16.50 % totally agreed, 22.40 % agreed, 41.20 % neutral and 20 % disagreed with the legalization of abortion. 65.90 % of young people are in complete agreement that adequate sexual education could reduce cases of unwanted abortion, 38.50 % are not sure if legalizing abortion is a right by law. The opinion held by the majority of respondents with 36.70 % is to be in complete agreement that legalization of abortion only occurs in specific cases of rape or incest Conclusions: the main finding indicates that they perceive abortion as a normal medical practice like any other that should have safe hospital care. The issue of decriminalization is still controversial in the country because the Ecuadorian constitution does not approve the legality of this Pages: 10.56294/pa202538 DOI: 10.56294/pa202538 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202538:id:202538 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Quetzalcóatl Tonatiuh Uribe Sánchez Title: Superstition and judgments against the Indians in the bishopric of Michoacán Abstract: Justice in New Spain was divided into ordinary and special. The former included the Supreme Council of the Indies, the Royal Courts and local authorities such as mayors and magistrates. The latter, of a religious nature, was in the hands of ecclesiastical judges, who dealt with crimes of faith and public morality. In 1573, Philip II established that ordinary justice should assist ecclesiastical justice in cases involving indigenous people. The royal government supervised the administration of justice to prevent abuses, although corruption remained a latent problem. The chief magistrates and senior mayors represented the Crown and ensured that conflicts were not resolved arbitrarily. The Church, for its part, regulated religious practices and prosecuted crimes of superstition such as idolatry and sorcery, which were considered offenses against both the faith and the social order. The judicial process in cases of superstition combined civil and ecclesiastical jurisdiction, under the principle of mixed jurisdiction. The indigenous people, due to their special legal status, were tried with less severe penalties, avoiding corporal punishment. In the autos de fe, the guilty received public penances. The New Spain justice system sought social control through the fusion of political and religious power, ensuring that the indigenous people were integrated into the colonial structure under the rule of the Crown and ecclesiastical tutelage. Pages: 10.56294/pa2024.37 DOI: 10.56294/pa2024.37 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:37:id:37 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Francisco Ytalo de Lima Silva Title: Oral history as a way of constituting the history of rural youth organizations in Cariri, Ceará (1990-2000) Abstract: This article is an offshoot of ongoing doctoral research, the subject of which is the history of the Rural Youth Ministry (PJR) in the Cariri region of Ceará, from 1994 to 1999. Due to the lack of documentary sources on its history, we opted for the methodology of oral history for the construction of sources and analysis. Regarding the PJR, it is important to note that it emerged in 1983, as a dissidence of the youth groups of the Pastoral da Juventude Meio Popular, in Pernambuco, and the Pastoral da Juventude, in Rio Grande do Sul. From these localized experiences in the South and Northeast, the pastoral gradually won over more rural youth and expanded to other regions and states of the country. In Ceará, the first groups emerged in the Cariri region in 1994, when a commission made up of 10 young people took on the responsibility of forming groups in their communities. Furthermore, the PJR is a progressive and ecumenical organization linked to the Catholic Church. Having made the necessary considerations about the object that inspired this article, our aim in this work is to reflect on the possibilities of oral history in the constitution of sources and analysis in the field of history, in order to historicize the historical course of rural youth organizations and social movements. In this sense, we believe that oral history has been fundamental in enabling us to learn about the mobilization processes and socio-political and cultural organization strategies of various social groups, in this specific case, rural youth, through oral narratives. By conducting interviews with the protagonists of these organizational processes, we can revive their memories and access relevant information about the past. Therefore, by means of a qualitative bibliographical review of oral history, we intend to reflect on the possibilities that this methodology offers for research in the field of history, especially when it comes to dealing with young people and their various forms of socio-political and cultural organization. Pages: 10.56294/pa202536 DOI: 10.56294/pa202536 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202536:id:202536 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vivian Mustelier Puig Author-Name: Virgen Maite Llamos Acosta Author-Name: Daiana Suárez Gómez Title: Emerging from silence, Afro-Cubans in the colony Abstract: Colonial Cuban society was defined by the construction of models based on the color of people's skin, which led to the emergence of racist theories and white supremacy that justified the imposed system: slavery. In this sense, the economic and social situation of black women in Cuba was the most complex due to their opposition to the paradigms of power of the time. The research addresses elements of Cuban history from the end of the 18th century to the second half of the 19th century from a gender perspective. Hence, the general objective is aimed at analyzing the situation of Afro-descendant women in the context of colonial Cuba. The work was developed from a qualitative methodological perspective with the use of theoretical methods, where the bibliographic review was used as the main methodological strategy. The results obtained reflected how female identities were based on the intersection of multiple variables, legal status or degree of miscegenation, which resulted in the formation of racialized femininities, reflected in the painting of the time, especially in the work of Víctor Patricio de Landaluze. The experiences of Afro-Cuban women are a powerful testimony to human resistance and resilience. Studying them allows us to learn important lessons about the fight against oppression and discrimination, in the interest of building a more just and egalitarian society. Pages: 10.56294/pa202535 DOI: 10.56294/pa202535 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202535:id:202535 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Karla Picart Rodriguez Author-Name: Maribel Acosta Damas Title: Gender in the interdisciplinary intersections of Art, Archives and Communication as pillars of journalists' training Abstract: Although feminist approaches and those of a sustainable world as a whole have been making exponential progress since the 1990s, the shock of the vulnerability of human life and the planet during the global Covid 19 epidemic (2020-2021) called into question the timing of this awareness and the matrices that until now seemed defined. We agree on a perspective that establishes these dialogues in communication, art and the archive as a record, memory, junction and a return to looking at ourselves as part of the training of future journalists in Cuba. We are anchored in the class exercise Álbum de Familia (Family Album) (2017-2018-2019-2020- 2021-2022). Without a doubt, there is a before and after 2020, but the before allows us to structure the after-now to redefine the platforms of sustainable life. That is why the objective of this research is to systematize the results of the application of the teaching exercise Family Album as a practice of the introduction of the gender-memory-communication triad. Pages: 10.56294/pa202534 DOI: 10.56294/pa202534 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202534:id:202534 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nazarena Moriconi Author-Name: Sebastián Gabini Author-Name: Ariel Blajos Title: Self-care of sexual health in people with vulva who have sexual practices with other people with vulva, city of Rosario (Santa Fe), year 2023 Abstract: Introduction: Self-care refers to the set of actions that a person performs with their body and their environment, in order to regulate internal or external factors that are perceived to be related to one's own health. Objective: To learn about sexual health self-care in people with vulva who have sexual practices with other people with vulva in the city of Rosario during the year 2023. Materials and Methods: Quantitative, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study. Duration of the study was 6 months, in the city of Rosario. The study population consisted of women who had had sex with other women, over 18 years of age, regardless of their sexual orientation and who went to the squares and parks of the city of Rosario during the study period. A 30-item instrument was applied. The data were analyzed with SPSS software. Results: 89% were cis females with a mean age of 30.94 ± 8.18 years (min.18; max. 57). Forty-two percent identified as heterosexual and 30% as lesbian. In the romantic relationship 29% (n=51) were in a monogamous relationship, 25% in an open relationship, 21% without an affective relationship but with sexual partner(s), 15% in a polyamorous relationship and 9% without an affective relationship, nor sexual partner(s). Of these, 84% had sexual relations exclusively with persons with vulva and 16% exclusively with persons with a penis. Ninety-seven percent had had sexual intercourse, and the mean age of sexual intercourse was 16.77 ± 2.77 years. Sixty-two percent reported the use of sex toys, 70% have practiced tribadism and 66% have practiced oral sex. 65% referred to have never used STI preventive methods in such practices, 34% sometimes use them and 1% always use preventive methods. Conclusions: The study found that the average age of sexual debut was 16 years, the population was sexually active with use of sex toys, oral sex and tribadism. It was observed that the population studied does not make adequate use of condoms during sexual intercourse as a method of protection against sexually transmitted diseases, based on the lack of information about these diseases by health care providers. Pages: 10.56294/pa202533 DOI: 10.56294/pa202533 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202533:id:202533 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Caren Yuliet Pardo Vásquez Author-Name: Giovanni Gómez Rodríguez Title: Artificial intelligence and its impact on corporate social responsibility Abstract: Artificial intelligence has been a technology that is constantly innovating interaction, consumption and expression in society itself. It is essential to examine the interaction and link between corporate social responsibility and artificial intelligence. To analyze the impact of artificial intelligence on corporate social responsibility commitments and evaluate how these impacts are perceived by organizations, identifying possible benefits and threats. An exhaustive literature review was conducted on artificial intelligence and its influence on corporate social responsibility. This review allowed identifying the possible positive and negative aspects that organizations present when adapting to different social changes. It is necessary to evaluate the link between corporate social responsibility and human capital, since both areas are crucial and complement each other in an organization. It highlights an innovative approach to strategies that identifies the contributions of CSR to different aspects of human talent, both internal and external, and analyzes its influence on personnel performance, a critical factor in organizational decision-making Pages: 10.56294/pa202532 DOI: 10.56294/pa202532 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202532:id:202532 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yilena Montero Reyes Author-Name: Andreina Baque Estefany Author-Name: Yaritza Yanina Bravo Ordoñez Author-Name: Wilson Israel Ortega Lema Author-Name: Alexandra Patricia Parrales Ramírez Author-Name: Christian Genaro Ronquillo Figueroa Title: Technological resources to encourage dynamic student participation in the area of social studies Abstract: Introduction: in the current educational context, the strategic use of technological resources has become an essential component to enrich the learning experience of students. Objective: to determine the influence of technological resources in the area of social studies to promote the dynamic participation of students. Method: a review of the available bibliography in databases such as SciELO, Scopus and ClinicalKey was carried out, from which a total of 15 related articles were consulted, empirical methods such as logical history and analysis and synthesis were used. Results: the need to involve students in a technology-driven society is very beneficial for an updated education. The integration of technology in social studies lessons improves the learning experience, increases student participation and motivation. Technological resources offer a promising opportunity to support the active and dynamic participation of students. Technological resources, currently, receive different conceptualizations depending on the area in which they are applied. Technological resources play a fundamental role in education, since technology is constantly evolving. Conclusions: the integration of technology in the teaching and learning process promotes more effective, participatory and meaningful instruction, the development of critical thinking, analysis and collaboration skills, preparing students to face the challenges of an increasingly digitalized world. Pages: 10.56294/pa202531 DOI: 10.56294/pa202531 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202531:id:202531 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Belinda Bencomo Naranjo Title: The quinta huapanguera in the huapango arribeño and in the son huasteco: an ethnomusicological vision of this musical instrument in two traditional expressions Abstract: The quinta huapanguera is a type of Mexican guitar that is part of the instrumental ensemble that performs music in the Huasteca, which constitutes the main musical instrument of the son huasteco and the huapango arribeño. These two musical expressions are currently recreated in the Huasteca area and in the Sierra Gorda (San Luis Potosí, Querétaro, Hidalgo, Guanajuato, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Puebla). The son huasteco and the huapango arribeño have common and different sociomusical features and functions. Therefore, the role of the quinta huapanguera varies, since it fulfills different rhythmic, harmonic and technical-musical functions, so comparing these roles will allow an analysis and systematization from a musicological perspective. Certain actions of individuals within sociocultural, historical and geopolitical contexts propitiate and define the existence of this sonorous instrument and the musical genres it performs. Identifying such anthropological issues will contribute to an understanding of the phenomena and codes that cause and make possible the genesis and development of musical instruments with their sonorous expressions. The ethnographic analysis that allows to see music as a cultural practice, the musical analysis that makes possible the definition of the structures and sonorous qualities of the quinta huapanguera and the two musical genres it plays, will allow to collect the necessary data and information to obtain a holistic vision of this sonorous instrument. The comparative analysis of the quinta huapanguera in both sonorous expressions, from the Ethnomusicology or also called Musical Anthropology, will contribute to the promotion of the cultural identity, since it will allow the understanding of these sociomusical phenomena. Pages: 10.56294/pa202369 DOI: 10.56294/pa202369 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202369:id:202369 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jose Adriano Barbosa Corredor Title: Male Writing on the Body-Territory of Two Rural Multigrade Schools Abstract: This paper explores the construction of masculinities in two rural multigrade schools located in Boyacá, Colombia, and San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Using an ethnographic approach, the daily dynamics and relationships between children and educational communities were investigated, focusing on how male children hegemonically dominate the playground. This dominance is based on a hierarchy where physical prowess confers greater male status. Rural schools are seen as bodies of domination where hegemonic masculinities are manifested, although affective practices that challenge this hegemony are also observed. Theoretically, the analysis is supported by concepts of hegemonic masculinity and gender regime of Connell (1995, 2001, 2016) and the masculinity mandate of Segato (2003). The methodology included observation of educational contexts, field diary records and interviews with teachers, students and family members. In San Luis Potosí, boys are organized in a "gang" that defends an exclusive space and excludes girls, reinforcing male dominance. In Boyacá, male "teams" occupy the playing field, excluding both girls and other males who do not meet the standards of hegemonic masculinity. Affective relationships also play an important role, as boys express affection and love in more private spaces such as bathrooms, challenging adult-centered authority Pages: 10.56294/pa202376 DOI: 10.56294/pa202376 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202376:id:202376 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rivaldo Jordanny Amado Dionicio Author-Name: Yrma Pamela Osorio Serna Author-Name: Brian Andreé Meneses Claudio Author-Name: Jorge Arturo Zapana Ruiz Title: Sales processes of the consultants of a company in the bakery industry Abstract: The present research carried out on a company in the bakery business where they do not promote an adequate system of continuous training to their sales advisors, since they do not feel prepared to face various situations, they agree with customer visits, they do not have an adequate presentation in front of the customer and at the time of responding they have no arguments, due to a lack of active listening. The study main objective is to determine the impact of the sales processes of a company's advisors in the bakery business in Lima city, 2023. The methodology used in the research is basic, with a qualitative approach, non-experimental design and descriptive scope. Through the results based on 6 interviewees and a guide of 8 questions was captured, where each sales process the advisor has different criteria, as a constructive way and at the same time, in an improvised way, however, the consultants look for solutions to the users, also building loyalty based on the time they have been internally in the company. According to the general conclusion, the impact of the sales processes of the consultants is significant for the company and also for the client, since these processes achieve success in sales and by following an adequate process it is determined to identify the needs and interests of the user, which in turn the consultants improve their performance. Therefore, they generate benefits for them and the company Pages: 10.56294/pa20232 DOI: 10.56294/pa20232 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:20232:id:20232 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Manuel David Blas Gonzales Author-Name: Jorge Arturo Zapana Ruiz Author-Name: Brian Andreé Meneses Claudio Title: Transportation management and distribution of goods in a transportation company in the department of Ancash Abstract: Problems were detected in the logistics management of a transportation company in the Áncash department. The issues are related to the management of transportation and goods distribution. This is because there were instances of lost and damaged products during the routes to each vehicle's destination, indicating a logistical immaturity on the part of the company. Therefore, this research aims to determine the relationship between transportation management and goods distribution in a transportation company in the Áncash department in 2023. The methodology used is a basic correlational study, employing the hypothetical-deductive method. As it is a quantitative approach, a questionnaire was used as the instrument in a population of 84 employees of the company, based on a census sampling. With data processing in the SPSS system, the result is a Spearman's Rho correlation coefficient of 0,602, indicating a significant relationship between the two variables under study. In conclusion, this study confirms the connection between transportation and distribution, as both processes are integral to logistics, which, in turn, is part of the supply chain. This connection is essential for achieving logistical objectives in business environments or industries that require transportation and distribution logistics services Pages: 10.56294/pa20234 DOI: 10.56294/pa20234 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:20234:id:20234 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Melanny Xiomara Casavilca Jeronimo Author-Name: Alison Yeny Pedraza Basilio Author-Name: Brian Andreé Meneses Claudio Author-Name: Jorge Arturo Zapana Ruiz Title: Human talent management and the work performance of employees in a textile company in Comas Abstract: This paper addresses the fact that companies in the textile sector are unaware of the value or importance of human talent, which is why shortcomings have been detected in the recruitment process, personnel selection and shortcomings in the application of both training and performance evaluation. Therefore, the main objective is based on determining whether there is a relationship between human talent management and labor performance. Likewise, the methodology used is of a basic type, with a correlational scope, the application of a non-experimental design, a transversal cut, with the choice of the hypothetical deductive method and, to culminate, a survey was used as a technique, in which to collect information a questionnaire was applied to 85 collaborators of the apparel area. In addition, in relation to the results, a Spearman's Rho coefficient of 0,757 was obtained between human talent management and work performance, which means that there is a high positive correlation; likewise, with respect to the degree of significance, a result of <0,001 was obtained, since this means that the null hypothesis is denied and the alter hypothesis is approved, since it is less than 0,005. In summary, based on the result obtained, it can be said that, through the proper management of the talents, an optimal performance will be obtained, fulfilling the expectations expected by the organization Pages: 10.56294/pa20235 DOI: 10.56294/pa20235 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:20235:id:20235 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Oscar Camilo Puerta Dussan Author-Name: Álvaro Díaz Cruz Author-Name: Verenice Sánchez Castillo Title: Characterization of the technical aspects of the agricultural production system in the swine sector in the production farm of Vereda Caldas Abstract: The article exposes how the methods of pig production are established in a producing family of the Vereda Caldas, identifying the management that occurs within this productive sector, thus showing the factors of nutrition and care of the pigs for the optimization in production in search of improving economic, conservation and health aspects where quality standards are established, where the family aims to seek sustainability of the productive sector by establishing and appropriating agroecological production methods Pages: 10.56294/pa20237 DOI: 10.56294/pa20237 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:20237:id:20237 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carlos Alberto Perdomo Rios Author-Name: Fredyvan Rojas Leyton Author-Name: Verónica Claros Romero Author-Name: Natalia Gonzales López Author-Name: Verenice Sánchez Castillo Title: Analysis of the social perception of a producer about the pig production system and his experience with alternative feeding Abstract: This study was carried out in the municipality of Florencia Caquetá. The purpose of the following investigation was to analyze the social perception of a producer of breeding sows, regarding the production system and their experience in the use of alternative feeds, for which the interview was used as an information gathering tool. Data was found around three important families for the producer, the first was the productive technical part, which covered everything related to the productive process, taking topics such as genetics, reproduction and hygiene. The next family was economics, dealing with topics such as marketing, inflation, the market, and profitability. Finally, the pig family, where the importance of knowledge, dedication and replicating the same knowledge was highlighted, thus understanding the motivations of the producer, how he visualizes his future production and wanting to share his knowledge with other producers who want to venture in new ways of producing bristles Pages: 10.56294/pa20238 DOI: 10.56294/pa20238 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:20238:id:20238 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Erick Martín Gargate Ñope Author-Name: Brian Andreé Meneses Claudio Author-Name: Jorge Arturo Zapana Ruiz Title: The Service Quality of a Feed Industry Company Abstract: Currently, there are companies that focus only on sales and not on the customer experience, downplaying the impact that service treatment can have, as aspects such as empathy and satisfaction, which are strong determinants in today’s purchasing decision, are not taken into account. The objective of this research was to determine the impact of service quality on companies in the balanced food sector in 2023, under a qualitative approach, with a non-experimental design, of a basic type with a descriptive scope and a case study method. To collect the information, the interview technique was used with a total of 6 participants through open questions. Subsequently, after obtaining information based on the perspectives of the interviewees, it is obtained as a result that there is an impact of service quality on companies in the balanced food sector as long as the public’s expectations are met based on a good product and attention in the service. In conclusion, customers highlight the commitment of companies in terms of service quality, likewise, organizations benefit from obtaining a loyal audience and greater demand in the market Pages: 10.56294/pa20239 DOI: 10.56294/pa20239 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:20239:id:20239 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yenifer Gutiérrez Villanueva Author-Name: Luz Albenis Villaquiran Chacon Author-Name: Verenice Sánchez Castillo Title: Identification of local strategies for the management and control of Hypothenemus hampei in coffee farms in the Miraflores district of the municipality of Garzón Huila Abstract: The coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei affects the quality and quantity of coffee beans, which generates economic losses that are often associated with inefficient crop management practices. For this reason, with the objective of identifying local strategies for the management and control of Hypothenemus hampei in coffee farms in the department of Huila-Colombia, a study was carried out in the Villa Alejandra farm located in the municipality of Garzón-Huila. A semi-structured interview was applied in order to know the methods used by the producer to control the CBB, the results were analyzed using ATLAS ti software version 9.0. It was found that the producer practices a combination of two control methods: cultural and chemical. The empirical knowledge of the producers has been built through generations and is influenced by the training institutions in the management of coffee cultivation Pages: 10.56294/pa202310 DOI: 10.56294/pa202310 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202310:id:202310 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Karen Vanessa Granados Marcelo Author-Name: Brian Andreé Meneses Claudio Author-Name: Jorge Arturo Zapana Ruiz Title: Impact of Work Motivation on service advisors of a public institution in North Lima, 2023 Abstract: In the public sector, today work motivation for its collaborators is a great challenge; taking into account to achieve the development of the objectives it is extremely important that as a public entity they have the appropriate good work environment, so that the human capital feels motivated. Committed because they are the pillars of the institution. The current governments are under pressure to continue with the austerity policy, that is, to continue with a policy of reducing public spending, and this results in the freezing of salaries, workers with more than one year of service as service providers, increase in workload, lack of training, and also the demotivation of collaborators. The objective of the research work is to resolve the impact of the work motivation of the service advisors of a public institution in Lima Norte, 2023. The research methodology had a qualitative approach, with a non-experimental design; the research method was a study of case. We worked with six collaborators from public institutions, using the interview technique and the instrument of nine open questions. As general consequences, which we obtained from the responses, the lack and importance of work motivation in the public sector is evident, the lack of monetary and non-monetary recognition, lack of leadership, lack of training, lack of tools to meet goals or objectives, etc. Likewise, the degree of importance of work motivation for employees of public institutions was concluded, because they are responsible for the quality of care and satisfaction for citizens who carry out procedures in different offices nationwide, for which their workforce must be reinforced. (Training, recognition, benefits, etc.), previously understanding the values and reason for being of public institutions and strengthening appropriate and achievable decisions Pages: 10.56294/pa202311 DOI: 10.56294/pa202311 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202311:id:202311 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Evelyn Janeth Huillca Viera Author-Name: Adriana Nicoll Narcizo Meléndez Author-Name: Brian Andreé Meneses Claudio Author-Name: Jorge Arturo Zapana Ruiz Title: Selection process in the Operations area of a company in the ecological sector Abstract: The present research to investigation shows different problematics in the selection to process for the operational area, and that occurs in the national and international companies so omit certain procedures that do not allow them too correctly future personal. Hence, it could be observed that the objective is to know how rigorous they are when selection at new personnel and see which aspects they fail or see that take more importance. The methodology to be used was the qualitative approach, basic type, with a descriptive method and no experimental that permit to analysis and study the environmental problems. According to mention before, the result that was obtained in the personnel selection processes for the operational area are performed in short- term and not always all the processes were used by the company, the ecological company needs to immediately to fill the position, so the work isn’t delayed and then be able to meet the specific deadlines that the company requests. Therefore, it’s recommended to the company train the personnel in the RR. HH area for this type of work, so the decisions taken it can be harmful, by collaborators who only stay a short-term or that collaborators that not find a solution for a present problem, especially in the technical part Pages: 10.56294/pa202313 DOI: 10.56294/pa202313 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202313:id:202313 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Geraldine Clarita Lopez Salazar Author-Name: Miguel Francis Manuelo Medina Author-Name: Brian Andreé Meneses Claudio Author-Name: Jorge Arturo Zapana Ruiz Title: Product quality and profitability at Masisa Abstract: This research work was born to address the problem of the negative impact generated by defective products of Masisa Peru during 2022 on its profitability, given that according to the background researched, it is certain that these defective products generate higher operating costs and customer dissatisfaction, thus resulting in lower profits; The main objective of the study is to determine the influence that the quality of these products has on the company's profits, for which a qua entitative methodology with causal descriptive scope was used, and it was executed through the documentary content analysis technique of the historical records corresponding to the number of defective units per month, the number of good products, total sales, costs and profitability obtained during the period 2022 in order to establish the possible relationship between these variables. The results showed through a linear regression statistical model that defective products have a significant negative correlation that explains almost 80 % of the variability in profitability; however, a strong linear connection between melamine in good condition and sales or operating costs was not found, but this does not eliminate the possibility that in the long term there could be a strong relationship between defective products and costs, if the company continues with its current economic activity and does not implement corrective measures. Therefore, it was concluded that the poor quality represented by defective products causes economic losses by reducing profits, as well as this negative relationship generates an adverse effect on profits, causing economic losses, customer dissatisfaction, bad reputation, and even legal problems Pages: 10.56294/pa202314 DOI: 10.56294/pa202314 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202314:id:202314 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eliana Mayerly Vargas Ome Author-Name: Erika Rodríguez Cantillo Author-Name: Verenice Sánchez Castillo Title: Identification of the successes and failures of conservation and rural development projects in Los Aletones and La Pradera, in the mountain range sector of the municipality of Belén de Los Andaquíes, Caquetá. In a five-year retrospective Abstract: This research was based on an analysis of the successes and failures of rural development projects developed in the last five years in two villages near the municipality of Belén de los Andaquíes, Caquetá; these two areas were Los Aletones and La Pradera. Different activities were carried out with producers who are or were part of these projects, in order to collect information through interviews, surveys and visits to the different farms. As a result, we obtained information about the positive and negative contributions of each community, including the lack of technical support during the entire process involved in these projects, the acquisition of plant material that is not suitable for the area, the supply of poor quality machinery, and finally, the access roads are a limitation for people to take part in these activities, the importance of which is significant for the conservation of the natural environment. Despite the difficult circumstances, good results were also obtained, such as an increase in the learning of processes such as the elaboration of organic fertilizers, and greater care of natural resources Pages: 10.56294/pa202315 DOI: 10.56294/pa202315 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202315:id:202315 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Axel Jonathan Ortiz Llana Author-Name: Jorge Arturo Zapana Ruiz Author-Name: Brian Andreé Meneses Claudio Title: Quality of service and citizen satisfaction in a Lima district municipality Abstract: In the context of a district municipality in Lima in 2023, quality of care and citizen satisfaction are vital areas of study to understand the effectiveness of local government policies. This research approach dives into assessing how public services, municipal administration, and citizen interactions intertwine to influence the overall perception of inhabitants regarding the quality of services received. Exploring citizen satisfaction involves analyzing how different initiatives, programs and local government management impact residents' daily lives, well-being and trust in institutions. This study seeks to identify factors that influence the perception of quality of care, addressing the effectiveness of implemented policies and their alignment with the expectations and needs of the community, thus contributing to the continuous improvement of municipal services and the citizen experience Pages: 10.56294/pa202317 DOI: 10.56294/pa202317 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202317:id:202317 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nachely Pérez Guedes Author-Name: Alfredo Arufe Padrón Title: Antonio Gramsci's Thought as a Tool for Social Transformation in Latin America Abstract: Antonio Gramsci made great contributions to Marxist theory. His work presents a set of conceptual elements that allow the understanding of the historical forms in which domination is exercised. Gramsci shows the political and cultural mechanisms that support these forms. The present paper will analyze the Gramscian precepts related to the problematization of relations between the State and civil society. In addition, we will observe the journey of this thought through the region and its presence in the search for new emancipatory areas and forms of popular struggles. The study of Gramscian thought has great validity, because it constitutes a theoretical weapon in the process of strengthening and democratizing civil society. Based on a bibliographical study of the Gramscian work, the precepts relating to the problematization of relations between the State and civil society are analyzed and conclusions are reached. This study has shown the innovative nature of Gramsci’s precepts. The link he established between the class struggle and cultural aspects allowed him to enrich previous Marxist thought. The evidence of the emergence and development of a leftist intellectuality in Latin America allowed us to appreciate that Gramsci’s works led to a change of logic in the thinking of social transformation in which the Sandinista Revolution stands out, the Workers' Party in Brazil, the Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front, the Plurinational State of Bolivia and the Republic of Ecuador Pages: 10.56294/pa202362 DOI: 10.56294/pa202362 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202362:id:202362 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yanela Lázara Rosabal Segarte Title: The development of media and information skills in the elderly: a horizon under construction Abstract: Media and information literacy is a social phenomenon whose development is increasing. The purposes for which millions of users use information and the media have diversified over the years, which requires the mastery of certain skills for an optimal use of the multimedia resources of cyberspace. In this sense, education for communication is presented as a paradigm that, from collaborative learning, aims to make subjects independent and capable of self-managing knowledge, based on principles of social justice, equity and collective responsibility. In this work, the general objective was formulated as the design of an edu-communicative strategy aimed at strengthening media and informational competences in elderly people of the Senior Citizen Chair of the University of Havana, in the Plaza de la Revolución municipality. For this purpose, a systematization of the theoretical-methodological assumptions on edu-communicative strategies and media and informational competences was carried out, which made possible a better understanding of the central terms of the research. A characterization of the political, social and cultural conditions of the Plaza de la Revolución municipality that intervene in the full access to opportunities for this age group was carried out. Through a questionnaire and two focus groups, the current state of the media and information competences of this sector of the population was diagnosed. At the same time, the multi-stakeholder participation in the public sphere, transversalized the process of inquiry and conformation of the final proposal Pages: 10.56294/pa202363 DOI: 10.56294/pa202363 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202363:id:202363 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Katia Gisett Roché Guerrero Author-Name: Hayla Massiel Alonso Valle Title: The rise of the ultra-right and neo-fascism in Europe in the 21st century Abstract: With the capitulation of Germany and its allies in World War II, the classical manifestations of fascism seemed to have been defeated. However, the reality indicates that this ideology has been reconfiguring itself into an alternative phenomenon, although with the same essence at the core of its conception: neo-fascism. As a result, contemporary societies have witnessed in recent decades the rise of the extreme right and the rise of conservative and violent discourses. Based on this context, the present research investigates the trends of the extreme right-wing fascist movement in Europe in the 21st century. At the same time, it includes a review not only of political forces and parties, but also of the main factors that have determined its political-electoral advance. To achieve this, it is based on the study of the German case, from the point of view of two of its parties: the German National Democratic Party (NPD) and Alternative for Germany (AfD). Finally, the following elements emerge as having a major impact on the rise of these neo-fascist projects: the reconfiguration of their political discourses, the presence of Euroscepticism in European society, and the behavior of traditional parties in the face of the 2008-2009 global economic crisis and the migration crisis of 2015-2016 Pages: 10.56294/pa202364 DOI: 10.56294/pa202364 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202364:id:202364 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raquel Elena Sicilia Lorenzo Author-Name: Yuniel De la Rua Marin Author-Name: Aurora Aguilar Núñez Title: Confluences between gender and religion: a research experience in Cuba Abstract: The dialogue between gender and religion in Cuba reveals both female empowerment and the perpetuation of stereotypes and discrimination. Despite policies promoting equality, women still assume greater domestic responsibilities, limiting their participation in paid work. A study by the Department of Socioreligious Studies (DESR) of CIPS in Havana showed that more than 86 % of the Cuban population has religious elements in their consciousness, highlighting the need to address gender and religion in the country. The study "New Religious Movements in Cuba" and other reports reveal that traditional religious practices, such as the Ocha-Ifá and Palo Monte Rules, assign subordinate roles to women. Evangelical and Neo-Pentecostal churches also limit female leadership, while Spiritualism and Buddhism show greater gender equity. The research "Religious freedom and social coexistence in Cuba" focused on rights in religious communities, evidencing perceptions of gender equity and inequity in the Workshops for Integral Transformation of the Neighborhood (TTIB). Interviews and focus groups with adults and children in the TTIBs revealed that gender inequities are easily recognized and discussed. Women expressed criticism of their religions, identifying hegemonic male participation and the assignment of traditional domestic roles. Children also recognized inequity and proposed actions to promote gender equity, such as education and equal distribution of responsibilities. The DESR research underscores the importance of a culture of peace and the eradication of gender-based violence, promoting education that fosters equity from childhood. Despite efforts, cultural and dogmatic constructs continue to perpetuate gender inequality in religions Pages: 10.56294/pa202365 DOI: 10.56294/pa202365 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202365:id:202365 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antonio Rojas Canela Title: What happens when a town hits the lottery? Participatory Budgeting and Local Politics in Mexico City Abstract: In 2019, the institutions that regulate citizen participation in Mexico City were substantially modified. This change included relevant modifications to the participatory budget (PB), such as an increase in the portion of income that the mayor's offices allocate to it and a change in the formula for allocating resources among the neighborhoods of each mayor's office. While some neighborhoods now receive much more resources, others remained almost unchanged and others receive even less. This paper analyzes the effect of this redistribution of resources both on citizen participation and on the competitiveness of the PB decision-making process Pages: 10.56294/pa202367 DOI: 10.56294/pa202367 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202367:id:202367 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lilian Lleana González Rodríguez Title: Stage of establishment of Pentecostalism in Cuba Abstract: Studies on the diversity of existing religious groups are a recurring theme in current historiographical production. Among them, it is worth mentioning the Pentecostal movement as one of the most investigated from the different fields of knowledge, given its rapid expansion and impact within societies. The present work aims to explain the establishment of the Pentecostal movement in Cuba, taking into account the historical context of its arrival and its development until the forties of the 20th century. In order to achieve this goal, we begin by explaining how Pentecostalism arose, and in a second stage we will deal with how this religious denomination was introduced in the island, who were the main precursors of the movement in the country and where they came from Pages: 10.56294/pa202375 DOI: 10.56294/pa202375 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202375:id:202375 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yasmani Pérez Forteza Title: Evaluation of the gender perspective from a public policy perspective in Cuba Abstract: Cuba has been working on gender and gender equity issues for decades after the triumph of the Cuban Revolution on January 1, 1959 from legal frameworks to addressing gender equity in aspects such as education, violence and political participation. In turn, the Cuban government has implemented a series of legal, judicial and administrative measures with the purpose of eliminating any type of inequality or discrimination related to gender. Within this context, this paper aims to evaluate the gender approach in Cuban public policies, which introduce the concept of mainstreaming the perspective in legislation, policies and programs implemented in the period from 2019 to 2023 with emphasis on the Program for the Advancement of Women and the Comprehensive Strategy for the Prevention of Gender and Domestic Violence. Pages: 10.56294/pa202374 DOI: 10.56294/pa202374 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202374:id:202374 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Esmeralda Oliva Ramírez Title: Geography of memory. The roads of the arriería in San Pedro Chapulhuacán, Hidalgo (1950) Abstract: This ethnohistorical research focuses on the arriería in San Pedro Chapulhuacán, Huasteca hidalguense, from an ethnographic perspective to understand social, economic and geographical processes. Historical ethnography allows us to explore economic aspects of the arriería, such as commercial routes and transactions, using oral sources to capture local memories and experiences. San Pedro Chapulhuacán, located in the north of the state of Hidalgo, has a rich history and geography that influences its social and economic dynamics. In pre-Hispanic times, the town was inhabited by Chichimecas, Otomíes and Nahuas, and after the conquest, it went through several changes in its administration and name. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, it experienced agrarian movements and revolution, impacting its social and economic structure. The semi-warm climate and the abundant vegetation of the municipality make it favorable for diverse agricultural and commercial activities. Muleteers, such as Don Vicente Ángeles Amador, played a crucial role in itinerant trade, transporting agricultural products through mountainous routes with pack animals. Don Vicente, born in 1929, began muleteering at the age of eight and continued until the 1990s, adapting to changes such as the use of cargo trucks. Commercial transactions in San Pedro Chapulhuacán included barter, "al tiempo" sales and other forms of exchange. Trust and word of mouth were fundamental to these arrangements. Local trade involved not only the distribution of products, but also the creation of social and cultural networks. The research highlights the importance of arriería in the economy and social life of the village, reflecting how commercial practices have evolved over time, influenced by geographical, historical and cultural factors Pages: 10.56294/pa202373 DOI: 10.56294/pa202373 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202373:id:202373 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andrés Raymundo Zuccolotto Villalobos Title: History and Archaeology: An Analysis of Narrative Construction through Multiple Sources in the Case of Muntz Metal Abstract: In the world of history and archaeology, the construction of narratives has become a multidisciplinary process that draws on a variety of sources. This paper focuses on one case study: the Muntz Metal as an example of these processes. As we explore history and archaeology in tandem, we dive into the unique narrative surrounding this material and its impact on various epochs. Muntz Metal, a copper and zinc alloy, has left a significant historical footprint, from its use in maritime vessels to applications in industry. Through archaeological research and historical interpretation, an account of how this alloy shaped key sectors of society has been developed. What makes the study of Muntz Metal particularly interesting is the diversity of sources that have been employed to reconstruct its history and impact. This paper seeks to understand the interplay between history and archaeology, highlighting how various sources, such as trade records, recovered artifacts, and historical testimony, have intertwined to form a more complete picture of the importance of Muntz Metal over time. By examining how these sources complement each other, a dynamic process of narrative construction is revealed, with each piece of information adding a layer of understanding. The study of Muntz Metal not only provides a glimpse into its evolution and application throughout history, but also serves as an exemplary case of how history and archaeology work in harmony to weave narratives Pages: 10.56294/pa202372 DOI: 10.56294/pa202372 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202372:id:202372 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Katia Gisett Roché Guerrero Author-Name: Arianne Medina Perera Author-Name: Jonathan Mckenzie Monés Title: Policy initiatives in response to the humanitarian crisis in the Lake Chad Basin Abstract: The territories in the Lake Chad Basin are experiencing an unprecedented humanitarian crisis. In the region, the effects of climate change, economic and political marginalization, and the impact of terrorist groups' actions converge negatively. All this has given rise to an environment characterized by high levels of instability and violence, the effects of which have a negative influence on the development of the countries involved. This research identifies the main factors that determine the existence of this crisis, in addition to describing, in a succinct manner, its most evident manifestations. In addition, it evaluates, from a multidimensional approach, the political initiatives carried out to face it. In this sense, the isolated, insufficient and uncoordinated nature of the actions taken so far, both by regional and international actors, is noted Pages: 10.56294/pa202371 DOI: 10.56294/pa202371 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202371:id:202371 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yolier Izquierdo Cuellar Title: Cuba's participation in international development cooperation and its relationship with North-South imbalances in global governance Abstract: The research focuses on Cuba's participation in international development cooperation and its relationship with North-South imbalances in global governance, examining how Cuba has developed its international cooperation strategy. Cuba's international cooperation policies and practices are analyzed, including its technical and humanitarian assistance programs, and it is examined how they have adapted to the changing political and economic circumstances of the region. It assesses Cuba's role in global governance, particularly in relation to international and regional organizations, and discusses how it has used its position to further its development interests and goals. The research shows that Cuba's participation in international development cooperation has been significant and has had a positive impact on reducing North-South imbalances. However, Cuba's ability to influence global governance is still limited, due to its political and economic situation and the hegemony of the North in global decision-making Pages: 10.56294/pa202370 DOI: 10.56294/pa202370 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202370:id:202370 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Virgen Maité Llamos Acosta Author-Name: Juan Pablo Bencomo Herrera Title: The origin and development of gangs in El Salvador Abstract: For more than four decades, violence has characterized the political and social dynamics in El Salvador, beginning with the armed conflict of 1980 and the formation of the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN). This conflict, part of the Cold War, lasted almost twelve years and left deep social scars, especially in areas of overcrowding, poverty and unemployment. Subsequently, the deportation of gang members from the United States transformed the local gangs, giving them a more complex structure and organization. Since the 1990s, street gangs, known as "maras", became a significant cultural-generational phenomenon. Despite the Peace Accords, violence became socially sedimented. Gangs such as Mara Salvatrucha 13 and Barrio 18 consolidated in El Salvador, exacerbated by the deportation of experienced gang members from the United States. These deportees, upon their return, found themselves in marginalized conditions that favored the expansion of the gang phenomenon. The paper explores how gangs developed in a context of accelerated urbanization, economic crisis and a culture of post-conflict violence. It also examines the influence of government policies such as the emergency regime implemented by Nayib Bukele in 2022, which has reduced the gangs' capacity for territorial control and recruitment, albeit with criticism for human rights violations. The evolution of gangs in El Salvador is the result of multiple historical, social and economic factors, reflecting a complex interaction between internal and external influences that have perpetuated violence and social exclusion. Pages: 10.56294/pa202368 DOI: 10.56294/pa202368 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202368:id:202368 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Manuel Frank Author-Name: Ernesto Ricci Title: Education for sustainability: Transforming school curricula Abstract: The article addresses the integration of Education for Sustainable Development in school curricula, aligning with the UN Sustainable Development Goals, especially SDG 4, which promotes inclusive and quality education. A comprehensive reform is proposed that incorporates sustainability as a transversal axis, with emphasis on continuous teacher training in digital competencies and active methodologies such as Project Based Learning. The proposal suggests the use of emerging technologies such as augmented reality for experiential learning and the implementation of evaluation systems that measure the application of competencies in real contexts. Pages: 10.56294/pa20233 DOI: 10.56294/pa20233 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:20233:id:20233 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Octavio Godoy Morales Title: Teotihuacan, analysis of the city from an ethnohistorical approach Abstract: Teotihuacan, located in the present-day State of Mexico, is an archaeological zone famous for its architectural complexes and pyramids. The city is known for sites such as La Ventilla, Tetitla, Tepantitla, Teopanzolco and the Palace of Quetzalpapálotl, as well as for its three main pyramids: the Pyramid of the Moon, the Pyramid of the Sun and the Temple of the Feathered Serpent. The history of Teotihuacán is complex due to the scarcity of information about its original inhabitants, which has led to various theories about its evolution. The paper examines three key periods: the rise of the city (200 BC - 250 AD), the rise of the second power group (250 - 450 AD) and the apogee of the city (450 - 550 AD). During these periods, the institutionalization of workers and military power stand out, with symbols such as the jaguar representing the ruling power. The planning of the city suggests a meticulous design, aligned with natural and symbolic elements, such as Cerro Gordo. The city reached its maximum splendor with a population of close to 100,000 inhabitants and an influence that extended throughout Mesoamerica. However, its decline between 550 and 650 A.D. is attributed to a fire and internal conflicts, especially between artisans and rulers. Finally, the paper explores the Mexica interpretation of Teotihuacán, who saw the city as a sacred place where gods were created. This legacy has contributed to maintain the importance and mystery of Teotihuacán in Mesoamerican history Pages: 10.56294/pa202366 DOI: 10.56294/pa202366 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202366:id:202366 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: María Angélica Vargas Author-Name: Diego Armando Osorio Author-Name: Leonela Narváez Author-Name: Verenice Sánchez Castillo Title: Interpretation of the imaginary of farmers about the products obtained through urban agriculture Abstract: The present investigation was carried out with the objective of identifying the factors that affect the adoption of urban agriculture practices in the municipality of Florencia, Caquetá. To achieve this objective, an exploratory study was carried out that involved the collection and analysis of data through surveys and interviews with Mr. José. The result of this research was analyzed in detail on the interpretation of the farmers' imaginary about the products obtained through urban agriculture, as well as recommendations to promote their adoption and improve their impact on the local population. So that is why urban agriculture is a useful tool to promote the sustainable development of cities. This is because it offers a viable solution to satisfy the growing demand for food and self-consumption in the urban area, discovering food sovereignty in addition to creating important social, economic and environmental benefits Pages: 10.56294/pa202312 DOI: 10.56294/pa202312 Handle: RePEc:dbk:perspe:v::y::i::p:202312:id:202312