# ReDIF file generated from NLM/PubMed XML (UTF-8) # Archive: dbk, Series: netnog # Generated on: 2025-10-24 21:15:40Z Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eduardo Romero Cano Author-Name-First: Eduardo Author-Name-Last: Romero Cano Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México. México Author-Name: Karla Duarte Crespo Author-Name-First: Karla Author-Name-Last: Duarte Crespo Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero. México Title: The visible that does not transform: simulated activism, digital aesthetics, and symbolic power in brand culture Abstract: This paper critically analyzes brand activism in digital culture, using the lingerie brand Savage X Fenty, founded by Barbadian singer Robyn Rihanna Fenty, as a case study. The text studies the social inclusion promoted by this and other brands and how visibility does not necessarily imply structural transformation, but rather favors an aesthetic and symbolic strategy within digital capitalism. Through concepts such as simulacrum, aestheticization, aesthetic citizenship, and symbolic consumption, it examines how difference is represented in a spectacular way, but with its disruptive potential deactivated. The text draws on the theories of Baudrillard, Han, Butler, Zafra, Canclini, and Reguillo to show the impact of digital platforms, their algorithms, and transmedia narratives on the configuration of subjectivities, desires, and forms of effective participation. The paper warns that the visibility of diverse bodies, far from questioning the status quo, can reinforce power structures by turning difference into a commodity. In this case, brand activism is shown to be a form of symbolic management of dissent, where politics becomes spectacle. The authors propose rethinking digital communication not only as a channel of representation, but as a space for symbolic contestation with high transformative potential. Journal: Netnography Pages: 104-104 Volume: 3 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.62486/net2025104 Handle: RePEc:dbk:netnog:2025v3a104 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luciana Arcanjo Olave Author-Name-First: Luciana Author-Name-Last: Arcanjo Olave Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Santiago de Chile. Chile Title: Aesthetics and affective resistance in manga in Latin American digital culture Abstract: This paper seeks to address how the study of manga allows us to think critically about contemporary social, political, and cultural challenges in Latin America. It argues that the relevance of manga lies not only in its mass appeal or entertainment value, but also in its potential to activate forms of sensitivity, reflection, and resistance that allow us to question the hegemonic structures that shape everyday life in globalized capitalism. Through its visual, aesthetic, and affective narratives, manga offers a space for intercultural mediation where meanings, values, and emotions are brought into play and can be reinterpreted from local Latin American contexts, enabling new forms of critical reading and symbolic appropriation. In contexts such as Latin America, it is important to highlight manga’s ability to incorporate critical discourses on neoliberalism, precariousness, and collective trauma. From a cultural communication perspective, manga creates a space where meanings, affections, and forms of micro-political resistance are negotiated, favoring readings that integrate the intimate and the structural, the global and the local. Thus, it becomes a key tool for thinking critically about the contemporary world from a predominantly digital culture. On the other hand, access to manga has historically been mediated by unofficial technological practices, such as piracy, fansubbing, and scanlation, which allowed Latin American fan communities to access content that was not available in their languages or countries. These practices not only facilitated access, but also generated new forms of active participation, where fans were not mere consumers, but translators, curators, and mediators of meaning, marking a pioneering form of digital literacy, collective use of software, collaborative online work, and decentralized distribution. Journal: Netnography Pages: 102-102 Volume: 3 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.62486/net2025102 Handle: RePEc:dbk:netnog:2025v3a102 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: José Porfirio Bravo Moreno Author-Name-First: José Porfirio Author-Name-Last: Bravo Moreno Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto Michoacano de Ciencias de la Educación (IMCED). México Author-Name: Rosalía López Paniagua Author-Name-First: Rosalía Author-Name-Last: López Paniagua Author-Workplace-Name: Centro de Investigaciones Interdisciplinarias en Ciencias y Humanidades, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). México Title: Using YouTube to teach reading and writing workshops Abstract: Teaching practice in upper secondary education, in an increasingly digital global context, cannot ignore the fact that high school students currently use cell phones and social media for many hours a day and for various purposes, and are therefore familiar with and knowledgeable about the use of these technological resources. On the other hand, the COVID-19 pandemic led to the creation of educational videos to teach the Reading and Writing Workshop course in the Advanced High School and Higher Education System (SABES) in Guanajuato, as an emerging teaching strategy in response to the need for effective remote communication with high school students. This strategy was refined in the post-pandemic period through a dedicated YouTube channel, which is now incorporated into the teaching plan for the subject. In this plan, basic content is prioritized and synthesized, topics are selected, and then shared with students. The short duration of the 72 videos, no more than four minutes, is due to the limited amount of time that a teenager can maintain attention on a specific topic. During the pandemic, the videos were shared via WhatsApp and other technical and pedagogical resources used in virtual classes through the Teams platform. Currently, they are used as teaching aids in face-to-face classes. Based on this teaching experience, the objective of this work is to analyze, using the action research method, the impact of digital media on student learning at SABES. Journal: Netnography Pages: 101-101 Volume: 3 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.62486/net2025101 Handle: RePEc:dbk:netnog:2025v3a101 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raúl Escalona Abella Author-Name-First: Raúl Author-Name-Last: Escalona Abella Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. México Title: Freedom of expression and the right to communication in Latin American constitutionalism Abstract: This article analyzes the rights to freedom of expression and communication in the context of Latin American constitutionalism, highlighting the influence of classical liberalism and its critiques from Marxist thought and the political economy of communication. It presents a historical evolution that ranges from entrepreneurial freedom of the press, through its professionalization, to international recognition as a collective right. However, limitations are identified, such as media concentration, the commodification of information, and legal restrictions that affect media plurality and social responsibility. The concept of the “right to communication” emerges as an extension that seeks to guarantee equal access to the media and promote diversity of voices in a context of media concentration and globalization in Latin America. A comparative analysis of the constitutions of Mexico, Cuba, Argentina, and Bolivia reveals different perspectives, ranging from liberal approaches to models focused on social ownership and the protection of collective rights. The research highlights the need to strengthen the legal framework for effective democratization of communication and to guarantee universal rights in the region. Journal: Netnography Pages: 103-103 Volume: 3 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.62486/net2025103 Handle: RePEc:dbk:netnog:2025v3a103 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yolier Izquierdo Cuellar Author-Name-First: Yolier Author-Name-Last: Izquierdo Cuellar Author-Workplace-Name: Doctorado en Comunicación, Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México. México Author-Name: Carlos Daniel Hernández Orozco Author-Name-First: Carlos Daniel Author-Name-Last: Hernández Orozco Author-Workplace-Name: Licenciatura en Derecho y Criminología, Universidad Nacional “Rosario Castellanos”. México Title: Social Media, Humanism, and Democracy: The Role of TikTok in the 2024 Presidential Campaign in Mexico Abstract: This article will address the use of TikTok as a political communication tool in Jorge Álvarez Máynez's presidential campaign in the 2024 Mexican elections. In a context of apathy toward traditional politics and the exponential growth of social media, TikTok is emerging as one of the main platforms in the electoral battlefield, where more than competing for ideas, it's competing for the attention of young audiences. Theoretical Foundation: The research is based on contributions from digital political communication, emotional technopolitics, and algorithm theory. Authors such as Castells (2009), Gerbaudo (2018, 2022), Cervi, Tejedor and Blesa (2023) and Rodríguez (2025) explain how digital environments reconfigure the political map, privileging aesthetics, charisma and virality over programmatic argumentation. Methodology: A qualitative content analysis was carried out on thirty videos officially published on Máynez's account, between March and May 2024. The speeches, performative elements, musical and humorous resources, as well as citizen interaction were studied, paying special attention to user reception and participation. Results: The campaign was characterized by a strategic and intensive use of the platform, with visual and emotional narratives that generated high levels of interaction. In a poorly regulated electoral environment, Máynez achieved an unprecedented communication advantage, driven by algorithms that favored performative and emotional discourses, giving her disproportionate visibility compared to her opponents. Conclusion: TikTok doesn't democratize, but rather personalizes; it doesn't equalize but fragments; and far from strengthening democratic deliberation, it displaces it toward an attention market dominated by algorithmic logic. Journal: Netnography Pages: 110-110 Volume: 3 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.62486/net2025110 Handle: RePEc:dbk:netnog:2025v3a110 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ernesto Moreira Sardiñas Author-Name-First: Ernesto Author-Name-Last: Moreira Sardiñas Author-Workplace-Name: Maestría en Derechos Humanos, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, México Title: International Law, Transnational Corporations, and Human Rights: An Approach to the Political and Economic Conditions and the Actors Involved Abstract: This article analyzes the relationship between international law, transnational corporations (TNCs), and human rights, highlighting the political, economic, and social conditions that influence this dynamic. Driven by globalization, TNCs have accumulated power that challenges the regulatory capacity of states, especially in developing countries. Historically, attempts to regulate them have ranged from proposals for binding treaties to voluntary corporate social responsibility mechanisms, such as the Global Compact and the UN Guiding Principles, although the latter have been criticized for their lack of effectiveness. The roles of the actors involved are also examined: TNCs, which often evade responsibility; states, divided between geopolitical interests; and civil society, which plays a key role in reporting violations. The conclusion is that the problem lies in an imbalance of power and a struggle of interests, underscoring the need for political solutions so that international law can be effective in protecting human rights in the face of corporate power. Journal: Netnography Pages: 118-118 Volume: 3 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.62486/net2025118 Handle: RePEc:dbk:netnog:2025v3a118 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Evelyn Rabí Isla Author-Name-First: Evelyn Author-Name-Last: Rabí Isla Author-Workplace-Name: Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de La Habana, Profesora Instructora, Cuba Author-Name: Alberto Antonio Carballo Soca Author-Name-First: Alberto Antonio Author-Name-Last: Carballo Soca Author-Workplace-Name: Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de La Habana, Profesor Auxiliar, Cuba Title: Digital competence of upper secondary school teachers in Havana Abstract: Technological changes in society have made it necessary to transform various sectors. The educational sphere of the 21st century requires the incorporation of digital technologies into teaching and learning processes. In the Cuban context, the incorporation of technologies into education has been a growing objective. Therefore, evaluating teachers' digital competence has become a fundamental task. The research has a representative sample of upper secondary school teachers in Havana, covering the following areas of teaching: pedagogy, professional technical education, and pre-university education. The data were collected using the Digital Competence Scale for Teachers proposed by García (2023), with a quantitative approach. This was done in order to characterize teachers' digital competence and compare it with other sociodemographic or contextual variables. The study proposes a detailed theoretical review in a national context where this topic has been vaguely studied. It also provides useful and novel results. In this sense, it was found that the five competency areas studied indicate that upper secondary school teachers in Havana have a second-level (basic) competency level. Furthermore, gender does not have a significant influence on any of the competencies studied, while the type of teaching and work experience do influence some of them. Finally, age, access to digital devices and resources, and the frequency of social media use condition the development of various digital teaching competencies. Journal: Netnography Pages: 122-122 Volume: 3 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.62486/net2025122 Handle: RePEc:dbk:netnog:2025v3a122 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dayron Martínez Rodríguez Author-Name-First: Dayron Author-Name-Last: Martínez Rodríguez Author-Workplace-Name: Maestría en Asuntos Políticos y Políticas Publicas, El Colegio de San Luis, A.C.México Author-Name: Raúl E. Padilla Morales Author-Name-First: Raúl E. Author-Name-Last: Padilla Morales Author-Workplace-Name: Maestría en Asuntos Políticos y Políticas Publicas, El Colegio de San Luis, A.C.México Author-Name: Bismario Saldiña Silvera Author-Name-First: Bismario Author-Name-Last: Saldiña Silvera Author-Workplace-Name: Maestría en Asuntos Políticos y Políticas Publicas, El Colegio de San Luis, A.C.México Title: Communication in relation to the fulfillment of Educiac's strategic objectives: an organizational intervention. Abstract: This article presents an organizational intervention at Educiac, a civil society organization dedicated to promoting human rights, with the aim of analyzing how communication affects the implementation of its strategic planning. A qualitative-descriptive methodology was used, based on participatory action research, which included interviews, surveys, non-participant observation, and a focus group. The findings indicate that, although there are functional communication channels and participatory spaces, limitations persist, such as the absence of a communication strategy, overload of the area in charge, and a focus on communication production over processes of this type. These conditions hinder the alignment between daily actions and strategic objectives. The analysis identified strengths (professionalism of the team, horizontal management) and weaknesses (lack of planning and systematic evaluation). Based on the diagnosis, an improvement plan was designed to professionalize the communication area, establish feedback mechanisms, strengthen the organizational culture, and align communication with the institutional strategy. The intervention is based on a perspective that articulates theory and practice and demonstrates the value of organizational communication as a tool for improving strategic implementation and, thereby, organizational effectiveness. Journal: Netnography Pages: 139-139 Volume: 3 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.62486/net2025139 Handle: RePEc:dbk:netnog:2025v3a139 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Diego Antonio Maza Calviño Author-Name-First: Diego Antonio Author-Name-Last: Maza Calviño Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Maestría en Derechos Humanos Title: Hegemonic masculinity based on the American presidential model Abstract: Hegemonic masculinity seeks to subjugate femininity through the legitimization of power provided by patriarchy. At a structural level, hegemonic masculinity normalizes inequalities between genders and within the various factors of intersectionality. These inequalities lead to the exclusion of human rights for vulnerable groups, both non-hegemonic men and women. The effects of hegemonic masculinity will be analyzed from the particular case of the power dynamics exercised by President Trump and the factors that, from his position of power, cause him to exercise this model of masculinity. From the actions and policies of the US government, a discourse and ideology that seeks to preserve power where it is can be seen. Through governance, a president can establish and preserve a system of domination such as hegemonic masculinity. The reflection of this research is: how is the position of power used to continue feeding the system that defends hegemonic masculinity? A critical sense in these reflections is essential in order not to reproduce a hegemonic model of masculinity. That said, it is important to note that there can be no human rights without the depatriarchalization of the discourse on rights and the material sphere, recognizing the structures that hinder the guarantee of substantive equality. Journal: Netnography Pages: 146-146 Volume: 3 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.62486/net2025146 Handle: RePEc:dbk:netnog:2025v3a146 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daniella Pérez Muñoa Author-Name-First: Daniella Author-Name-Last: Pérez Muñoa Author-Workplace-Name: El Colegio de San Luis, Maestría en Asuntos Políticos y Políticas Públicas. México Title: Disinformation in presidential campaigns on TikTok: the case of the 2024 presidential elections in Mexico Abstract: This study analyzes the misinformation spread on TikTok during the 2024 Mexican presidential campaign, with an emphasis on its possible influence on electoral behavior. The research is based on the context of the growing use of social media as a space for political communication, where TikTok has established itself as a key platform due to its capacity for virality and its reach among young audiences. The most relevant hoaxes debunked by the fact-checking sites Animal Político and Verificado between March and June 2024 are examined, categorizing their textual and visual narratives, as well as their discursive resources and manipulation strategies. The methodology combines content analysis, critical discourse analysis, and semiotic analysis, along with interviews with fact-checkers and specialists in political communication. The areas analyzed include political gender violence, the delegitimization of political actors, the use of deepfakes, and strategies to reconfigure the political agenda. This work seeks to contribute to the understanding of how false content can influence voting intentions, the perception of candidates, and the civic engagement of citizens, particularly young voters. The results aim to contribute to the academic debate on the challenges facing democracy in the digital age and the need to strengthen verification practices and media literacy. Journal: Netnography Pages: 165-165 Volume: 3 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.62486/net2025165 Handle: RePEc:dbk:netnog:2025v3a165 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maria Cynthia Alquicira Vasquez Author-Name-First: Maria Cynthia Author-Name-Last: Alquicira Vasquez Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Maestría en Comunicación y Política, México Title: Animation and affective performance: Kimetsu no Yaiba and K-pop Demon Hunters as contemporary aesthetic devices Abstract: Animation has ceased to be a marginal medium and has become one of the most influential languages of contemporary culture, articulating image, music, narrative, and symbolic corporeality. This work analyzes Kimetsu no Yaiba and K-pop: Demon Hunters as aesthetic devices that reconfigure the way audiences see, feel, and act, activating aesthetic experiences that transcend the screen. Drawing on the approaches of Jean-Louis Déotte, Jan Mukařovský, Gilles Deleuze (via Spinoza), and Diana Taylor, this paper proposes a reading in which animation operates as a technical, normative, affective, and performative device. Both works break established narrative and visual codes, generate affects that modulate the viewer's power, and stimulate bodily practices that shape community repertoires (cosplay, dance, fan art) as living forms of cultural transmission. It concludes that contemporary animation not only produces images, but also organizes collective sensibility and is embodied in the bodies of its audiences, becoming a relational and embodied art. Journal: Netnography Pages: 179-179 Volume: 3 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.62486/net2025179 Handle: RePEc:dbk:netnog:2025v3a179 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elizabeth Sánchez Vázquez Author-Name-First: Elizabeth Author-Name-Last: Sánchez Vázquez Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana - Unidad Iztapalapa, Doctorado en Ciencias Antropológicas, México Title: Clean look, dirty politics: visual neo-fascism and fashion as a weapon Abstract: During the COVID-19 pandemic, three fashion trends served as a harbinger of the rise of neo-fascism in the US. These trends are considered to have systematically promoted racism, nepotism, social inequality, and patriarchy. These trends are: old money, Tradwife, and the clean look, trends that have become popular on social media and which were a silent cry foreshadowing a change of regime. This paper will expose the intrinsic relationship between fashion as a tool of power, the resurgence of neo-fascism, and seduction as invisible and desired coercion, where digital social media has constructed the appropriate stage for the aesthetic presentation of certain political communities, as the media is the privileged space for political mediation. This paper draws a historical parallel with Benito Mussolini's fascist Italy, where fashion was used in a similar way. At that time, clothing served to accentuate differences with “the other” and, at the same time, to forge a hegemonic aesthetic that reinforced the values of the regime, similar to what Trumpist neo-fascism has done with its MAGA sect. Thus, this analysis highlights how fashion, both in the past and in the present, can be a subtle but powerful vehicle for the dissemination of political ideologies. Journal: Netnography Pages: 182-182 Volume: 3 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.62486/net2025182 Handle: RePEc:dbk:netnog:2025v3a182 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: María Karla Acosta Toledo Author-Name-First: María Karla Author-Name-Last: Acosta Toledo Author-Workplace-Name: Departamento de Periodismo, Facultad de Comunicación, Universidad de La Habana, La Habana, Cuba Author-Name: Roxana Romero Rodríguez Author-Name-First: Roxana Author-Name-Last: Romero Rodríguez Author-Workplace-Name: Departamento de Periodismo, Facultad de Comunicación, Universidad de La Habana, La Habana, Cuba Author-Name: Ernesto Teuma Taureaux Author-Name-First: Ernesto Author-Name-Last: Teuma Taureaux Author-Workplace-Name: Departamento de Filosofía, Estética y Teoría Política, Universidad de las Artes (ISA), Habana, Cuba Title: Analysis of the aestheticization of presidential candidate Javier Milei on TikTok during the 2023 election campaign in Argentina Abstract: This research describes the aestheticization of political communication by then-presidential candidate Javier Milei on the digital social network TikTok during the August–November period of the 2023 election campaign in Argentina. The study adopts a qualitative and descriptive approach from an aesthetic perspective to address the phenomenon. Through a comparative analysis of the aesthetic resources used in the content of the official account @javiermileii and the most influential support account, among the many linked to the candidate, @elpelucamilei, to understand how the aesthetic elements expressed in the audiovisual discourse contributed to the consolidation of his political image. Documentary literature review and unstructured interview techniques, as well as historical-logical, analytical-synthetic, comparative, and dialectical methods, complete the methodological structure of this study. The results reflect the strategic use of aestheticization and personalization in the communication of then-candidate Javier Milei, allowing him to effectively channel popular frustration and anger in an Argentina characterized by multiple crises. The constant break with the codes of the Argentine political establishment, young voters as the target audience, and the sensitive mobilization of his content are some of the characteristics that distinguished the libertarian, whose electoral victory joins those of Donald Trump in the United States and Jair Bolsonaro in Brazil, in a trend toward conservative and radical positions in the hemisphere that requires urgent and comprehensive analysis. Journal: Netnography Pages: 188-188 Volume: 3 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.62486/net2025188 Handle: RePEc:dbk:netnog:2025v3a188 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andry González Pacheco Author-Name-First: Andry Author-Name-Last: González Pacheco Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Artemisa “Julio Díaz González”, Jefe Grupo de Comunicación Institucional, Cuba Title: The creation of educational content on physics in digital social networks: a challenge in professional training Abstract: Digital social networks are essential spaces for interaction in the lives of Internet users. When used in moderation, they can be a constructive tool for learners and students in training, although their potential as a complement to educational activities has not been widely explored. In view of this, this research presents the results of a study carried out at the Rubén Martínez Villena Teacher Training College in the province of Artemisa, which aims to analyze the use of digital social networks among students training to be secondary school teachers specializing in physics. The methodological basis of this study is mixed, quantitative, and qualitative, and consists of a survey applied to students and a series of interviews with students and teachers, with statistical work counting frequencies and percentages in the survey and interpreting meanings in the testimonies obtained in the interviews. The importance of the educational use of this type of network by students is highlighted, within the framework of collaborative learning. Journal: Netnography Pages: 201-201 Volume: 3 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.62486/net2025201 Handle: RePEc:dbk:netnog:2025v3a201 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rossana Bouza Fajardo Author-Name-First: Rossana Author-Name-Last: Bouza Fajardo Author-Workplace-Name: Doctorado en Comunicación, Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México. México Title: Aesthetics of resistance: hashtags and Cuban artivism Abstract: Growing tensions between the independent art scene and cultural institutions in Cuba, intensified by censorship and widespread access to the Internet, have given rise to new forms of digital resistance. This paper analyzes Cuban artivism through the hashtags #00BienalDeLaHabana (2017-2018) and #NoALaBienalDeLaHabana (2021-2022), with the aim of examining how these campaigns shape critical discourses and produce new forms of aesthetic and political expression. The analysis of 300 Instagram posts associated with both hashtags allowed us to observe how digital artivism has redefined the modes of circulation of countercultural art and reorganized the Cuban cultural field. As Lev Manovich argues, technologies and platforms not only change the tools of creation, but also the epistemological structures from which we think and relate to image, authorship, and visual culture. Using a historical-critical approach combined with digital methods, the research traces a cartography of dissent, identifies visual patterns, and maps transnational networks. This paper proposes a situated reading of Cuban digital artivism as a practice of resistance that reactivates the languages of contemporary art and activism. Following Jacques Rancière, it argues that hashtags not only communicate, but also suspend ordinary sensory experience by challenging the hierarchies between seeing, saying, and acting. Despite the ephemeral nature of hashtags, they are powerful tools for questioning ossified institutional structures and opening up interstitial spaces in authoritarian contexts. Journal: Netnography Pages: 213-213 Volume: 3 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.62486/net2025213 Handle: RePEc:dbk:netnog:2025v3a213 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Junior Hernández Castro Author-Name-First: Junior Author-Name-Last: Hernández Castro Author-Workplace-Name: Maestría de Investigación en Antropología, Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales (FLACSO). Ecuador Title: Symphony of the Damned. Infrapolitics of the Cuban rock community virtual community in the context of the Cuban crisis (2020-2024) Abstract: This article describes some of the infrapolitical practices and discourses of the metal community in the Facebook group Mundo Rock Cubano within the context of the multidimensional Cuban crisis (2020-2024). In a context marked by historical censorship and state regulation of cultural otherness, the article explores the subtle, everyday, and non-confrontational ways in which this virtual community negotiates its symbolic space and reaffirms its cultural identity in the digital environment. The research is based on a qualitative methodology that combines digital ethnography with non-directive interviews conducted with active members of the group. This approach allows for capturing the communicative dynamics and strategies of symbolic resistance that manifest infrapolitics as a mode of cultural resistance. Thus, everyday practices are identified that are expressed through discourses, symbols, codes, and narratives that creatively and discreetly challenge official cultural restrictions and policies. Furthermore, it examines how digital platforms, particularly Facebook, enable spaces for culturally marginalized communities to meet and express themselves, fostering the circulation of ideas and the construction of alternative identities in authoritarian contexts. Ultimately, it provides a deeper understanding of cultural resistance in digital spaces and contributes to studies on infrapolitics in contexts of high political and cultural regulation. Journal: Netnography Pages: 221-221 Volume: 3 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.62486/net2025221 Handle: RePEc:dbk:netnog:2025v3a221 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: José Humberto Puente Author-Name-First: José Humberto Author-Name-Last: Puente Author-Workplace-Name: Investigador Independiente, Maturín, Monagas, Venezuela Title: Digital Business Designs in Latin America: A 2025 Literature Review Abstract: Digital transformation in Latin America has evolved from mere technological adoption to a strategic approach of "digital-native design," where technology is organically integrated into business models. This 2025 literature review identifies a critical tension between the push for frontier technologies (AI, IoT) and regional structural constraints: infrastructure gaps, human capital, and fragmented regulatory frameworks. The success of digital businesses depends less on technological sophistication and more on the organizational capacity to manage this complex interaction. The study is structured around four thematic pillars: 1) The "twin transition" (integration of digitalization and sustainability), which faces contradictions by excluding SMEs with limited resources; 2) Frontier technologies, which widen sectoral gaps (e.g., AI in 80% of banks vs. 15% of manufacturing SMEs); 3) Business model innovation (fintech, e-commerce); and 4) Foundational asymmetries, such as regulatory fragmentation that fosters "regulatory arbitrage" (digital rates ranging from 8% in Peru to 35% in Argentina). A scoping review using bibliometric (VOSviewer) and qualitative (NVivo) methods reveals an 81% concentration of publications in Brazil, Mexico, and Chile, while Bolivia and Paraguay show a critical lag. The findings reveal urgent thematic gaps: only 12% of studies address gender, 8% digital sovereignty, and 5% resilience. It is proposed to expand the concept of "twin transition" to include resilience and sovereignty, developing a scalable maturity model that integrates critical socioeconomic dimensions for an equitable digital transformation in the region. Journal: Netnography Pages: 217-217 Volume: 3 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.62486/net2025217 Handle: RePEc:dbk:netnog:2025v3a217