Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maria Fernanda Zarai Calla Fuentes Author-Name-First: Maria Fernanda Zarai Author-Name-Last: Calla Fuentes Title: Adaptive Architecture: Architectural Projects in Peru's Diverse Climates Abstract: Objective: The main objective of this research is to understand how the climatic conditions of each region of Peru influence the design and construction of buildings. The aim is to achieve functional and comfortable spaces that are in harmony with the natural environment of each region. Methodology: The methodology used in the study is based on a narrative review, in which data and previous studies on architectural projects in the various climatic regions of Peru are compiled. In addition, successful case studies were carried out to analyze the strategies employed in these architectural projects. Results: The results of the article highlight that in each region of Peru (coast, highlands and jungle), architects have developed techniques and used specific materials to guarantee the durability of buildings in extreme climatic conditions. For example, on the coast special paints and coatings are used to protect against corrosion, in the highlands thermal insulation techniques are implemented and in the jungle humidity resistant materials are chosen. Main Conclusions: Peru's climatic diversity has led to the development of adapted architectural techniques that ensure the functionality and comfort of spaces. The influence of climatic conditions is critical to the effective design of buildings in the different Peruvian regions. In addition to climatic factors, Peru's rich cultural diversity has also influenced vernacular architecture, resulting in buildings that reflect the country's identity. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 10 Volume: 1 Issue: Year: 2022 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la202210 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:1:y:2022:i::p:10:id:1056294la202210 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Febys María Vergara González Author-Name-First: Febys María Author-Name-Last: Vergara González Author-Name: Angelica María Sierra Franco Author-Name-First: Angelica María Author-Name-Last: Sierra Franco Author-Name: Salomón Verhelst Montenegro Author-Name-First: Salomón Author-Name-Last: Verhelst Montenegro Title: Representations and Imaginaries of Calle Real in the City of Sincelejo: Streets and Buildings in the Poetics of Living Abstract: This research-creation seeks to make known through the poetics of inhabiting social, cultural, urban and architectural aspects of Real Street, located in the city of Sincelejo-Sucre, containing in this form of expression that meaning given to the experiences and events called representations and imaginary in which indelible facts reflected in the Sincelejo society and in the material elements are shown, In this case, in the Architecture and Urbanism of this street, in order to, through Poetic Art, generate literature that alludes to the identity and belonging to one of the most emblematic streets, and to make known with this, the material and immaterial value that this place of patrimonial connotation possesses. This research-creation of theoretical type presents a qualitative phenomenological approach, in which first of all, research aspects corresponding to the Sincelejan society are disentangled, taking as a focus the interactions of the Real Street through time. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 11 Volume: 1 Issue: Year: 2025 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la202211 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:1:y:2025:i::p:11:id:1056294la202211 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Febys María Vergara González Author-Name-First: Febys María Author-Name-Last: Vergara González Author-Name: Angelica María Sierra Franco Author-Name-First: Angelica María Author-Name-Last: Sierra Franco Author-Name: Salomón Verhelst Montenegro Author-Name-First: Salomón Author-Name-Last: Verhelst Montenegro Title: The poetics of inhabiting: symbolic resignifications in Sincelejo's Calle Real Abstract: Introduction: The research focused on understanding how urban spaces, beyond their physical structure, acquire symbolic value through the social and cultural imaginaries constructed by their inhabitants. The Calle Real in Sincelejo was taken as a case study, recognized for its historical and heritage value, to analyze the social representations that were projected there and to develop a poetic literary creation as a final product. Development: A review of national and international antecedents that approached art as a means to represent and resignify urban space was carried out. Research such as those of Santofimio-Ortiz and Pérez-Agudelo (2020) in Manizales, and Guzmán-Ramírez (2016) in Guanajuato, evidenced the potential of urban art to express collective memories and experiences. At the local level, it was found that, although there are artistic expressions about Sincelejo, a research proposal combining urban analysis with grounded poetic creation had not yet been articulated. Conclusions: It was concluded that Calle Real represents a symbolic scenario of Sincelejo identity that had been little explored from an artistic-research perspective. The research demonstrated that art and literature can be effective vehicles to rescue urban memory and strengthen the sense of belonging. The resulting poetic proposal was positioned as an innovative way to reinterpret the territory, reinforcing the need for more projects that link social sciences, architecture and artistic expressions. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 14 Volume: 1 Issue: Year: 2025 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la202214 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:1:y:2025:i::p:14:id:1056294la202214 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mariano Joaquín Rago Casanova Author-Name-First: Mariano Joaquín Author-Name-Last: Rago Casanova Title: Generation of a 3D environment for a short audiovisual film based on stylised architecture Abstract: Introduction: The project was developed with the aim of creating a stylised 3D environment based on a concept art image. The reference represented a medieval crossroads, influenced by the architecture of Cinque Terre. For its realisation, Blender, Substance Painter and Unreal Engine were used, following a process divided in stages. Development: Firstly, blocking was carried out in Blender, which allowed us to establish proportions and spatial relationships between the elements. Then, we proceeded to the detailed modelling using tools such as loop cut, bevel, array and curve modifiers. Each architectural component was treated individually to ensure accuracy. Once the modelling was completed, the objects were exported to Substance Painter. There, multi-layered textures were applied using generative masks and gradients, simulating materials such as stone and weathered paint. This reinforced the stylised aesthetic based on the original reference. The textured models were then imported into Unreal Engine. In this environment, lighting elements such as Directional Light, Sky Atmosphere, Sky Light and Volumetric Clouds were configured. Finally, a Master Sequence was assembled with virtual cameras to achieve a coherent visual presentation. Conclusions: The project successfully translated a 2D image into a stylised 3D environment, combining planning, technique and aesthetic sensibility. The iterative methodology allowed to adjust each phase, obtaining a final result faithful to the reference and influenced by styles seen in Luca and Loóna. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 8 Volume: 1 Issue: Year: 2022 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la20228 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:1:y:2022:i::p:8:id:1056294la20228 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Albert Jhonatan Diaz Osorio Author-Name-First: Albert Jhonatan Author-Name-Last: Diaz Osorio Author-Name: Andrés Felipe Duque Ramírez Author-Name-First: Andrés Felipe Author-Name-Last: Duque Ramírez Author-Name: Juan José Duque Ramírez Author-Name-First: Juan José Author-Name-Last: Duque Ramírez Author-Name: German José Nader Abad Author-Name-First: German José Author-Name-Last: Nader Abad Title: Digital Transformation of Architecture: A Retrospective Analysis Abstract: Introduction: In recent years, technology profoundly transformed architecture. Digitisation, through tools such as 3D rendering and virtual reality, redefined the way architects designed and presented projects. This evolution responded to new social and market demands for more efficient, accurate and immersive processes. Although the initial investment was high, its long-term profitability justified its implementation. Development: Trend analysis showed that concepts such as ‘digital architecture’ and ‘virtual reality’ were increasingly sought after, especially in leading countries such as the United States and China. In Colombia, although growth was slower, stability was observed, reflecting continued interest. Searches on platforms such as Google Trends and academic databases such as ProQuest showed the rise of these topics, not only at the professional level, but also at the academic level. Scientific output increased significantly, with more than 26,000 publications on digital architecture and more than 64,000 on virtual reality by 2022. Several studies applied these technologies in education, cultural mediation and architectural design, highlighting their usefulness and practical applicability. Conclusions: It was concluded that digitisation was no longer an option but a strategic necessity. These tools redefined architectural practice and enhanced interaction with users. Digital architecture and virtual reality consolidated their role as fundamental elements for the future of the profession, providing competitive advantages, improving the client experience and opening up new opportunities for innovation. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 12 Volume: 1 Issue: Year: 2025 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la202212 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:1:y:2025:i::p:12:id:1056294la202212 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carmelo Edgar Monzón Somazzi Author-Name-First: Carmelo Edgar Author-Name-Last: Monzón Somazzi Author-Name: Carlos Isidro Bustos Author-Name-First: Carlos Isidro Author-Name-Last: Bustos Title: Urban Planning and the Environment in the City of Córdoba Abstract: Introduction: After the constitutional reform of 1994, environmental law gained prominence in the Argentine legal order. In this context, the case ‘Gay Baridon, Alejandro c/ Municipalidad de Córdoba - Amparo Ambiental’ was presented, in which the plaintiff challenged a building project authorised by the municipality, alleging a possible impact on the environment and the cultural heritage of the Villa Warcalde neighbourhood. The conflict involved tensions between economic interests and constitutional principles linked to a healthy environment. Development: Alejandro Gay Baridon filed an environmental protection action on 24 June 2019 before the Administrative Chamber of 1st Nomination of Córdoba. His claim focused on preventing the ‘Punto W - Complejo Villa Warcalde’ project from being carried out without complying with current environmental and cultural regulations. The court partially admitted the action with respect to the possible environmental and patrimonial affectation, and rejected the rest of the claims, as well as the precautionary measure requested by the plaintiff, due to the lack of verisimilitude of the right invoked. The collective nature of the process was recognised. In its analysis, the court considered national and provincial laws such as the General Environmental Law No. 25.675 and Law 10.208 of Córdoba, prioritising the protection of the collective interest over economic development. Conclusions: The ruling constituted a relevant precedent in Córdoba by balancing urban growth with environmental protection. The decision reflected a progressive interpretation of environmental law, promoting sustainability, cultural preservation and respect for collective rights. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 15 Volume: 1 Issue: Year: 2022 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la202215 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:1:y:2022:i::p:15:id:1056294la202215 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mariano Joaquín Rago Casanova Author-Name-First: Mariano Joaquín Author-Name-Last: Rago Casanova Title: Creative Integration for 3D Environments: From Modelling to Rendering Abstract: The rationale for the project was based on the use of three key tools: Blender, Substance Painter and Unreal Engine. Blender was selected for its free, open source nature and its large development community. This cross-platform software enabled modelling, sculpting, UV mapping, texturing, animation and video editing. Its dynamic and customisable interface, together with the use of shortcuts, facilitated the workflow. In addition, the modifiers and sculpting mode offered advantages in the efficient creation of models without altering the original mesh.Substance Painter was mainly used for texturing, excelling in working with PBR materials and providing the possibility to paint directly on the 3D model. Its layer-based system, with tools such as brushes, masks and erasers, allowed a high level of detail to be achieved. The user could import models from Blender and apply complex materials non-destructively. Finally, Unreal Engine was incorporated as a real-time rendering and visualisation engine. Its ‘Lumen’ technology offered dynamic global illumination, improving visual quality through diffuse interreflections. This Blender > Substance Painter > Unreal Engine pipeline was considered optimal for its seamless integration and efficiency, taking advantage of the best of each tool for the development of high quality 3D environments. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 21 Volume: 1 Issue: Year: 2022 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la202221 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:1:y:2022:i::p:21:id:1056294la202221 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cristian Yhojan Flores Gutierrez Author-Name-First: Cristian Yhojan Author-Name-Last: Flores Gutierrez Title: Vernacular Architecture and Modern Design: Towards a New Aesthetics and Functionality Abstract: The article aims to investigate the influence of vernacular architecture on modern design, seeking to understand how the latter can integrate traditional principles and techniques to address contemporary challenges related to sustainability, cultural identity and energy efficiency. Methodology: The study was carried out through a comprehensive review of related scientific literature. Databases such as Scielo and Google Scholar were used, searching for relevant articles with terms such as “vernacular architecture” and “modern design”. The search process was conducted between August and September 2023, reviewing articles published between 2021 and 2023 and excluding less relevant manuscripts, resulting in a final corpus of four articles relevant to the review. Results: The results show that vernacular architecture has a significant influence on the sustainable housing model, especially in rural areas, by employing local materials and techniques that promote energy efficiency and climate adaptation. In Europe, its integration into modern design promotes the preservation of cultural traditions and fosters innovation by combining traditional practices with contemporary technologies. In Central America, this architecture helps strengthen the sense of belonging and improves the comfort of living spaces. Main Conclusions: Vernacular architecture is not only relevant to preserve cultural identity, but also offers practical and sustainable solutions that align with current needs. The fusion of traditional techniques with modern innovations can result in buildings that are more efficient and adapted to their surroundings, promoting an environmentally responsible approach. Through adaptation to local conditions and the use of available materials, vernacular architecture can serve as a model for developing housing solutions that respond to contemporary challenges. These conclusions highlight the importance of integrating lessons learned from vernacular architecture into modern design to improve the sustainability and functionality of our built spaces. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 50 Volume: 2 Issue: Year: 2023 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la202350 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:2:y:2023:i::p:50:id:1056294la202350 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juan Alberto Almirón Cuentas Author-Name-First: Juan Alberto Author-Name-Last: Almirón Cuentas Author-Name: David Hugo Bernedo-Moreira Author-Name-First: David Hugo Author-Name-Last: Bernedo-Moreira Title: Ephemeral Architecture as a Solution in the Evolution of Public Spaces Abstract: The article aims to describe the empirical and conceptual production on the lack of ephemeral architecture in public spaces, as well as to provide a vision on the subject that will serve as a tool for future research. Methodology: An exhaustive narrative review of the available scientific literature was carried out using databases such as Scopus, Scielo and Google Scholar. The search covered articles published between 2020 and 2023, excluding certain types of publications such as interviews and letters to the editor. Twenty articles were initially identified, from which 12 relevant articles were selected for the review. Results: The results indicate a diversity of studies on ephemeral architecture, highlighting both the geographical context (including countries such as Italy, Colombia, Brazil, Peru and Mexico) and the varied methodological approaches. The characteristics of the studies show an interest in exploring the relationship between users and ephemeral structures, and how these can enhance public spaces and foster social interaction. Main conclusions: The review highlights the importance of ephemeral architecture as a powerful tool to revitalize and transform public spaces. Its ability to promote social interaction, collective creativity and greater cultural identity in communities was highlighted. However, the study also highlights the lack of ephemeral architecture initiatives in many contexts and their implications for the quality of urban life. Future research is suggested to delve deeper into user perceptions and design strategies to maximize the impact of these interventions. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 51 Volume: 2 Issue: Year: 2023 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la202351 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:2:y:2023:i::p:51:id:1056294la202351 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Hugo Bernedo-Moreira Author-Name-First: David Hugo Author-Name-Last: Bernedo-Moreira Author-Name: Jaime Natanael Gonzales-Lopez Author-Name-First: Jaime Natanael Author-Name-Last: Gonzales-Lopez Author-Name: Rafael Romero-Carazas Author-Name-First: Rafael Author-Name-Last: Romero-Carazas Title: Urban Revitalization: The Challenge of Integrating Cultural Heritage into the Growth of Cities Abstract: The main objective of the article is to describe the methods of conservation and transformation of cultural heritage through a review of academic papers, focusing on how these are integrated into sustainable urban development. Methodology: A comprehensive narrative review of the scientific literature was carried out, using databases such as Scopus, Science Direct and SciELO. Specific terms related to “heritage”, ‘culture’ and “development” were used, and Boolean operators were applied to refine the search. The review covered a period from March to April 2023, considering articles published between 2021 and 2023, and resulted in a corpus of 10 relevant articles after a filtering process. Results: The results presented include an analysis of the strategies and approaches that different studies have used to address cultural heritage conservation. Several articles were identified that discuss both tangible and intangible heritage, highlighting the importance of social participation and the multidisciplinary approach. Main Conclusions: The main conclusions of the article indicate that: Heritage conservation and urban development are not opposites; they can complement each other if integrated into urban planning. The need for an integrated approach that balances heritage conservation with the demands of economic growth and tourism is emphasized. The article stresses the importance of conducting impact assessments before initiating development projects that may affect cultural heritage, which helps to minimize or avoid damage. The most important lesson is that it is essential to adopt sustainable approaches to urban development in order to protect the cultural and heritage identities of cities. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 52 Volume: 2 Issue: Year: 2023 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la202352 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:2:y:2023:i::p:52:id:1056294la202352 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Florangel Arotaype Taco Author-Name-First: Florangel Author-Name-Last: Arotaype Taco Title: Minimalism as Architectural Language: Reinterpretation and Adaptation in Modern Design Abstract: The article aims to examine the main theories, approaches and practices related to minimalism in architecture, from its historical origins to contemporary trends. It seeks to explore the aesthetic, functional and emotional benefits of minimalism, as well as the challenges associated with its application in various architectural contexts. Methodology: The methodology employed is a comprehensive narrative review of the existing scientific literature on minimalism in architecture. Several databases were consulted, such as Archidaily, Google Scholar, Scielo and the Journal of Architectural Lighting, using specific terms and Boolean operators to refine the search. The period covered by the review included articles published between 2020 and 2023, and at the end, 11 articles relevant to the study were identified. Results: The article results indicate that minimalism allows for the reduction of the superfluous, allowing spaces to speak for themselves and highlight the beauty of materials and functionality. This fosters a deeper connection between humans and their environment, making it a meaningful response to contemporary challenges. In the practical context, it is suggested that architects and urban policy makers consider minimalism as a key approach to creating livable spaces that promote sustainability and well-being. Main Conclusions: The main conclusions of the article include: Minimalism in architecture is not only an aesthetic trend, but also a way of life that contributes to visual clarity and emotional calm. Its practice can improve quality of life by optimizing the use of space and fostering an environment that promotes reflection and introspection. Integrating minimalist principles into architecture can result in more functional and pleasant environments, helping to create a more balanced and harmonious world. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 53 Volume: 2 Issue: Year: 2023 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la202353 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:2:y:2023:i::p:53:id:1056294la202353 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juan Alberto Almirón Cuentas Author-Name-First: Juan Alberto Author-Name-Last: Almirón Cuentas Author-Name: David Hugo Bernedo-Moreira Author-Name-First: David Hugo Author-Name-Last: Bernedo-Moreira Title: Designing Spaces for Learning: The Role of Architecture in Education Abstract: The article explores and synthesizes architectural design in educational environments, academic performance and the well-being of students and teachers, through which it seeks to offer a guide for future implementations that improve educational processes through the conscious design of spaces. Methodology: The research is carried out through a narrative review, which includes: Exhaustive search of scientific literature. Use of databases such as Google Scholar, Dialnet and Scielo with key terms related to the educational influence of architecture. Selection of 6 relevant articles, eliminating duplicates and those that did not meet the established criteria. Results Six relevant articles were identified that address different aspects of the influence of architecture on education, highlighting the importance of aspects such as natural lighting, acoustics, ventilation and furniture design. These elements are key to creating an effective and positive learning environment. Main Conclusions: Architectural spaces can influence academic performance, student and teacher behavior, as well as creative and critical development. Pedagogical proposals such as Escuela Nueva, the Montessori method and the Waldorf philosophy highlight the need to create flexible spaces in harmony with nature. Smaller, well-located schools can provide more conducive learning environments and improve teacher attitudes. Structural improvements and innovative architectural design can raise the quality of teaching; however, careful resource planning is needed to measure their effectiveness. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 54 Volume: 2 Issue: Year: 2023 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la202354 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:2:y:2023:i::p:54:id:1056294la202354 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jhon Anthony Canaza Apaza Author-Name-First: Jhon Anthony Author-Name-Last: Canaza Apaza Title: Architecture and Nature: Creating Spaces that Promote Human Well-Being Abstract: The article aims to explore the relationship between architecture and nature, focusing on how this integration can foster human well-being and sustainability in built environments. Objective: The study seeks to contribute to knowledge about natural architecture and to act as an educational resource that raises awareness of the importance of integrating nature and technology in architectural design. Methodology: An exhaustive narrative review of the existing scientific literature was carried out, consulting databases such as SCIENCEDIRECT, SCOPUS and SCISPACE. Specific terms and Boolean operators were used to refine the search, compiling a final corpus of ten articles relevant to the review. Results: The results of the review highlight the importance of integrating nature in architecture, showing that a biophilic design can reduce stress and improve people's health and well-being, as well as highlighting the need to adopt sustainable technologies in architecture to achieve a harmonious relationship with the environment, in addition, the importance of empathy in design was highlighted, considering the emotional experiences of users. Conclusions: This study concludes that there is a growing need to comprehensively address environmental and social challenges, and to promote an awareness of the fragility of ecosystems and their relationship to contemporary architecture. It is suggested that integrating nature not only affects design but also improves people's quality of life. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 55 Volume: 2 Issue: Year: 2023 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la202355 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:2:y:2023:i::p:55:id:1056294la202355 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jesús Adrián Pisco-Palacios Author-Name-First: Jesús Adrián Author-Name-Last: Pisco-Palacios Author-Name: Adrián Eliceo Reyna-García Author-Name-First: Adrián Eliceo Author-Name-Last: Reyna-García Title: Spacial patterns of the commercial activity in the city of Portoviejo, province of Manabí (2017-2022) Abstract: The objective of this article is to conduct an exploratory analysis of the spatial patterns of commercial activity in the city of Portoviejo, highlighting the importance of the degree of dispersion and concentration within the urban area. This analysis uses information available in the GAD Portoviejo database, which allows us to determine the exact location of commercial activities in the city. ArcGIS 10.3 was used to conduct this analysis. The results reveal a strong pattern of concentration in the central area of ​​the urban space. This work contributes to a better understanding of creative urban areas and provides a source of information for the formulation of public policies aimed at the creation of innovative, knowledge-based sectors. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 97 Volume: 2 Issue: Year: 2023 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la202397 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:2:y:2023:i::p:97:id:1056294la202397 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jeniffer H. Aitken Gutierrez Author-Name-First: Jeniffer H. Author-Name-Last: Aitken Gutierrez Author-Name: Carlos Ernesto Gamonal Torres Author-Name-First: Carlos Ernesto Author-Name-Last: Gamonal Torres Author-Name: Carlos A. Ordoñez Mejia Author-Name-First: Carlos A. Author-Name-Last: Ordoñez Mejia Author-Name: Sandra X. Fernández Gastelo Author-Name-First: Sandra X. Author-Name-Last: Fernández Gastelo Title: Improving thermal comfort in educational environments: an innovative approach Abstract: Thermal comfort in educational environments is essential to promote an environment conducive to learning and student well-being. This article presents an innovative approach to improve thermal conditions in classrooms, integrating bioclimatic design strategies, natural ventilation and efficient use of materials. It analyzes how building orientation, the selection of materials with high thermal inertia and the implementation of cross-ventilation systems can contribute to regulate indoor temperature effectively. In addition, the importance of creating spaces that are not only functional, but also promote students' academic performance and emotional health is discussed. Through case studies and empirical data, the impact of these strategies in various educational institutions is evaluated. The results indicate that an improvement in thermal comfort translates into a significant increase in concentration and school performance. This comprehensive approach not only seeks to optimize the physical conditions of the classroom, but also to inspire educators and architects to adopt sustainable practices that will benefit future generations. The research highlights the need to prioritize thermal comfort as an essential component of modern educational design. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 103 Volume: 3 Issue: Year: 2024 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2024103 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:3:y:2024:i::p:103:id:1056294la2024103 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juan Alberto Almirón Cuentas Author-Name-First: Juan Alberto Author-Name-Last: Almirón Cuentas Author-Name: David Hugo Bernedo-Moreira Author-Name-First: David Hugo Author-Name-Last: Bernedo-Moreira Title: Multisensory Design in Education: How Architecture Enhances the Learning Experience Abstract: The aim of the article is to explore the existing scientific literature on sensory architectural training in education, establishing an approach to enhance the learning experience and recommending the effective implementation of multisensory architecture in educational settings. Methodology: The study used a comprehensive narrative review that consulted databases such as Scopus, Scielo, and Scispace. Specific terms related to architecture and education were used, applying Boolean operators to refine the search. The search period covered from March to April 2024, focusing on articles published between 2020 and 2024. A total of 86 articles were selected, from which 26 relevant articles were selected for the review, after eliminating duplicate articles and those that did not meet the established inclusion criteria. Results: The results of the review revealed that multisensory architecture in education is essential to positively influence users' emotions and behaviors. It was concluded that educational spaces should be transformed into dynamic environments that stimulate creativity, concentration and learning through sensory stimuli. In addition, it was emphasized that architectural design plays a crucial role in the educational experience, encompassing not only sight but also other senses. Conclusions: The main conclusions indicate that multisensory architecture transcends the creation of simple structures, transforming spaces into landscapes that encourage exploration, experimentation and learning. It emphasizes the need to empower students through experiences that engage all their senses, thus redefining the educational landscape. Furthermore, it is suggested that the educational experience should be a constant flow of stimuli that awaken curiosity and nurture learning. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 104 Volume: 3 Issue: Year: 2024 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2024104 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:3:y:2024:i::p:104:id:1056294la2024104 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jhon Jefferson Chambi Apaza Author-Name-First: Jhon Jefferson Author-Name-Last: Chambi Apaza Author-Name: Juan Alberto Almirón Cuentas Author-Name-First: Juan Alberto Author-Name-Last: Almirón Cuentas Author-Name: David Hugo Bernedo-Moreira Author-Name-First: David Hugo Author-Name-Last: Bernedo-Moreira Title: Redefining Urban Spaces with Natural Elements: Biophilic Architecture Abstract: Objective: The aim of the article is to examine how to connect people with nature through biophilic architecture, based on the idea that proximity to nature can improve health and well-being, promoting a balance between urban and natural environments. It also seeks to analyze the physical and emotional benefits that these spaces can provide to those who inhabit them. Methodology: An exhaustive narrative review of the existing scientific literature was carried out. Databases such as Scopus, Scielo and Scispace were consulted using terms related to “architecture”, “design”, “biophilic” and “emotional”. The search period covered publications from 2020 to 2024, and less empirical manuscripts such as letters to the editor or theses were excluded. Results: The review identified a total of 86 articles initially, of which 10 were selected that addressed biophilic architecture and its impact on well-being. The results suggest that biophilic architecture can improve cognitive function, reduce stress, and create a calmer environment in built spaces. It also underscores the importance of opportunities to experience nature within urban environments. Main Conclusions: The article's conclusions highlight that biophilic architecture is an innovative approach to integrating nature into architectural design, improving human well-being and fostering a deeper connection with the natural environment. The implementation of natural elements in built spaces not only improves occupant comfort and health, but also promotes sustainability and urban biodiversity. Overall, biophilic architecture presents an effective strategy for creating more pleasant and healthy environments for living and working. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 105 Volume: 3 Issue: Year: 2024 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2024105 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:3:y:2024:i::p:105:id:1056294la2024105 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: María Belén Miño Author-Name-First: María Belén Author-Name-Last: Miño Author-Name: Nicolas Grappasonno Author-Name-First: Nicolas Author-Name-Last: Grappasonno Title: Environmental Law: “A Look at the Environment and its Care” Abstract: The study analysed a ruling by Civil and Commercial Court No. 7 of Paraná, Entre Ríos, handed down on 15 May 2023, in the context of an environmental protection action brought by the Los Zorzales Neighbourhood Commission against the Municipality of Colonia Avellaneda. The lawsuit arose from the poor management and disposal of urban and industrial solid waste on an unauthorised site, which created an open-air rubbish dump near the neighbourhood. The situation seriously affected the health of residents and damaged the local environment, violating fundamental rights. For more than a decade, the neighbourhood's residents filed multiple administrative complaints without receiving satisfactory responses. Finally, after exhausting all formal channels, they filed a lawsuit requesting the closure and relocation of the dump. The court considered that the injunction was the most appropriate procedure, given the urgency and seriousness of the environmental damage demonstrated, and decided to uphold the lawsuit, urging the Municipality to adopt measures to prevent further damage. The ruling recognised the violation of regulations such as National Law No. 25,916 and Provincial Law No. 10,311 on waste management, as well as the constitutional right to a healthy environment. It concluded that the municipal authorities had been negligent in failing to implement an adequate waste management system. The author agreed with the plaintiffs, pointing out the urgent need to review institutional practices and promote a responsible relationship with the natural environment. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 135 Volume: 3 Issue: Year: 2024 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2024135 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:3:y:2024:i::p:135:id:1056294la2024135 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Federico José Cerdera Author-Name-First: Federico José Author-Name-Last: Cerdera Title: Environmental impact assessment as a turning point for the effective protection of the environment, its resources, and human life Abstract: In 2023, the Supreme Court of Justice of the Province of Buenos Aires ruled on the case “Foro Medio Ambiental San Nicolás Asociación Civil y otro c/ Prochem Bio S.A. s/Amparo,” ordering the company to cease industrial activity until it obtained the required environmental permits. The ruling took a novel approach to environmental impact assessment (EIA) as a tool for evidence and a constitutional guarantee of the right to a healthy environment. The controversy revolved around the lack of environmental permits for a chemical plant that, according to the findings, was operating without complying with current regulations, posing risks to the health, environment, and self-determination of the local population. The Court determined that this was a third-category industry and gave preeminence to the EIA as a preventive technical-administrative mechanism, highlighting its legal obligation and its role in environmental planning. It also criticized previous rulings for failing to adequately apply the principles of prevention and precaution. The ruling applied an integrated interpretation of provincial environmental legislation (Laws 11,459 and 11,723), consolidating the notion of a “regulatory block.” The ruling also highlighted the importance of citizen participation and public hearings in the permit granting process. Ultimately, the ruling set a key precedent in environmental law by recognizing the EIA as a central instrument for protecting the environment and ensuring sustainable development. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 134 Volume: 3 Issue: Year: 2024 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2024134 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:3:y:2024:i::p:134:id:1056294la2024134 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jorge Daniel Enriquez Ccaccasaca Author-Name-First: Jorge Daniel Author-Name-Last: Enriquez Ccaccasaca Author-Name: Haydee Candy Paco Huacani Author-Name-First: Haydee Candy Author-Name-Last: Paco Huacani Author-Name: Ruth Glenia Afaraya Tacanahui Author-Name-First: Ruth Glenia Author-Name-Last: Afaraya Tacanahui Author-Name: Jhon Jefferson Chambi Apaza Author-Name-First: Jhon Jefferson Author-Name-Last: Chambi Apaza Author-Name: Josías Alexander Sucapuca Machaca Author-Name-First: Josías Alexander Author-Name-Last: Sucapuca Machaca Author-Name: Jhon Antony Vilca Gómez Author-Name-First: Jhon Antony Author-Name-Last: Vilca Gómez Author-Name: David Hugo Bernedo-Moreira Author-Name-First: David Hugo Author-Name-Last: Bernedo-Moreira Title: Quality public space and pedestrian flows: an architectural approach to urban development Abstract: Investing in the quality of urban space and pedestrian mobility not only improves the quality of life of the inhabitants, but also establishes a solid foundation for the sustainable growth and future development of a city. Under this premise, the objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the quality of urban space and pedestrian mobility in the city of Juliaca, 2024. The methodology was basic, non-experimental, cross-sectional and correlational. The instrument was a questionnaire whose reliability was a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.873, which was applied to a sample of 224 residents neighboring the unit of analysis. The results were a Spearman correlation coefficient (Rho = 0.779) and a p-value (p = 0.000) indicating a strong positive correlation between the study variables, in general, as the quality of urban space improves, pedestrian mobility increases. This strong correlation suggests that urban spaces that are architecturally designed, safe, accessible and aesthetically pleasing tend to be used more by pedestrians. In conclusion, the study has provided convincing evidence that the quality of urban space is a key determinant of pedestrian mobility in Juliaca. By focusing on improving these spaces, Juliaca has the opportunity to transform its urban environment into a more active, inclusive and pleasant place for all its citizens. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 136 Volume: 3 Issue: Year: 2024 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2024136 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:3:y:2024:i::p:136:id:1056294la2024136 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joseph Daniel Copa Cáceres Author-Name-First: Joseph Daniel Author-Name-Last: Copa Cáceres Author-Name: Mariafernanda Zarai Calla Fuentes Author-Name-First: Mariafernanda Author-Name-Last: Zarai Calla Fuentes Author-Name: Leonardo Esteban Gómez Flores Author-Name-First: Leonardo Esteban Author-Name-Last: Gómez Flores Author-Name: Rossmery Eva Huahuacondori Livise Author-Name-First: Rossmery Eva Author-Name-Last: Huahuacondori Livise Author-Name: Anai Yuliana Suxo Ramos Author-Name-First: Anai Yuliana Author-Name-Last: Suxo Ramos Author-Name: Helar Renso Quispe Turpo Author-Name-First: Helar Renso Author-Name-Last: Quispe Turpo Author-Name: Kimberly Sarai Flores Carita Author-Name-First: Kimberly Sarai Author-Name-Last: Flores Carita Author-Name: David Hugo Bernedo-Moreira Author-Name-First: David Hugo Author-Name-Last: Bernedo-Moreira Title: Relationship between inclusive architecture and urban design in Andean environments Abstract: Inclusivity in urban design not only improves the quality of life of people with disabilities, but also benefits the general population, such as the elderly and families with young children, by creating safer and more comfortable spaces. Under this premise, the objective of the present study was to determine the relationship between inclusive architecture and urban design in the city of Juliaca, 2024; for this purpose, a basic, correlational, non-experimental, cross-sectional study was used. The sample consisted of 119 people, to whom an instrument was applied whose reliability established by Cronbach's Alpha was 0.761. The results were a coefficient Rho=0.700 and a p-value=0.001, this correlation suggests that as one aspect of inclusive architecture improves, there is a significant tendency for another aspect of urban design to improve as well, and vice versa. It is concluded that fostering greater awareness of the importance of inclusive architecture and urban design among planners, architects, and the community at large can lead to more significant and lasting change in how cities develop. The significant and strong correlation between these aspects reinforces the idea that a truly inclusive city requires a holistic approach that transcends traditional disciplines and embraces an integrated view of the built environment. This is essential not only to comply with legal regulations but to foster a more inclusive and equitable society. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 114 Volume: 3 Issue: Year: 2024 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2024114 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:3:y:2024:i::p:114:id:1056294la2024114 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sergio Oleider Angulo Rincón Author-Name-First: Sergio Oleider Author-Name-Last: Angulo Rincón Author-Name: Claudia Magali Solarte Solarte Author-Name-First: Claudia Magali Author-Name-Last: Solarte Solarte Title: Green innovation and territorial development in cocoa-growing communities Abstract: Introduction: This research addressed the problem of cocoa cultivation in the municipality of Roberto Payán, Nariño, a region historically affected by illicit crops and armed conflict. The main objective was to propose strategies that would allow local farmers to adopt cocoa as a main, viable and sustainable economic activity, thus displacing interest in illegal crops. Development: The study identified multiple challenges faced by cocoa harvesters, including lack of institutional support, low profitability, competition with illicit crops and lack of knowledge about efficient production techniques. However, it was also recognised that producers possessed valuable empirical knowledge. In this context, the research promoted the adoption of green innovation as an integral solution. This allowed for the improvement of cocoa quality through sustainable practices, technical training of farmers, and the valorisation of the product at national and international level. The experience of Tumaco, a leader in cocoa production in the department, served as a reference for replicating successful models in Roberto Payán. Conclusion: It was concluded that strengthening cocoa cultivation in Roberto Payán, with public policy support, investment in infrastructure and rural education, would allow not only economic reconversion, but also sustainable regional development. This transformation required the articulation of local, institutional and community actors, positioning cocoa as a symbol of legality, progress and territorial reconciliation. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 107 Volume: 3 Issue: Year: 2024 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2024107 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:3:y:2024:i::p:107:id:1056294la2024107 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jheison Edilson Arteaga Quistial Author-Name-First: Jheison Edilson Author-Name-Last: Arteaga Quistial Author-Name: Miguel Ángel Velásquez Bravo Author-Name-First: Miguel Ángel Author-Name-Last: Velásquez Bravo Author-Name: Omar Alexander Revelo Zambrano Author-Name-First: Omar Alexander Author-Name-Last: Revelo Zambrano Title: Application of predictive models for territorial planning in Pasto, Colombia Abstract: The research analysed urban growth in the city of Pasto between 2000 and 2022. The need to properly manage large volumes of data using technological tools that would allow for the organisation, analysis and prediction of urban expansion behaviour was identified. To this end, a predictive model was implemented, supported by software developed with open-source technologies such as Python and Laravel, with an interface based on HTML and CSS. This software facilitated the identification of growth patterns through data mining and multi-criteria analysis techniques. The project received institutional support from the University of Nariño, as well as the participation of teachers and researchers from the fields of engineering and architecture. In addition, data was collected both digitally and through fieldwork in order to build a reliable repository to feed the information system. The study showed that urban growth is a multifactorial process influenced by social, economic, demographic and political variables. Finally, it was concluded that the predictive model made it possible to determine interactive scenarios of urban expansion and offered an effective tool for territorial planning. The results confirmed that it is possible to apply methodologies such as EMC and information systems to support strategic decisions in urban planning. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 110 Volume: 3 Issue: Year: 2024 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2024110 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:3:y:2024:i::p:110:id:1056294la2024110 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: María Belén Miño Author-Name-First: María Belén Author-Name-Last: Miño Author-Name: Nicolas Grappasonno Author-Name-First: Nicolas Author-Name-Last: Grappasonno Title: Environment and justice: an analysis of the Márquez case and its impact on Argentine environmental law Abstract: The text analysed the development of environmental law in Argentina as a response to the harmful effects of human activity on the environment. This field of law emerged with fundamental principles such as prevention, precaution, intergenerational equity, participation and sustainability. The 1994 constitutional reform, through Article 41, granted constitutional status to the right to a healthy environment, consolidating it as a fundamental right of collective incidence. Within this framework, national and provincial laws were enacted, such as the General Environment Law and specific regulations on waste, which established minimum standards for environmental protection. Authors such as Valls, Lorenzetti and Bidart Campos contributed comprehensive views on the environment, recognising its natural, cultural and social dimensions. At the international level, the value of the environment as a basic human right has been highlighted since the 1972 Stockholm Declaration. In case law, the Supreme Court and other courts have reinforced the justiciability of this right through landmark rulings, validating environmental protection against state inaction. The case of Márquez, Evangelina et al. v. Municipality of Colonia Avellaneda was presented as a paradigmatic example where the lack of waste management violated fundamental rights. The legal action brought by the community reflected the importance of citizen participation and the State's obligation to implement effective environmental policies. The analysis concluded that environmental law should be conceived not only as technical regulations, but as part of a collective commitment to a sustainable and equitable development model. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 139 Volume: 3 Issue: Year: 2024 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2024139 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:3:y:2024:i::p:139:id:1056294la2024139 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amrita Prakash Author-Name-First: Amrita Author-Name-Last: Prakash Author-Name: Amir Khusru Akhtar Author-Name-First: Amir Author-Name-Last: Khusru Akhtar Title: A hybrid environmental multi-objective optimization algorithm for eco-friendly vehicle routing in smart cities Abstract: Introduction: this paper presents HEMO, an intelligent vehicle routing system designed to address urban sustainability challenges in smart cities. The algorithm optimizes transportation networks by simultaneously evaluating multiple environmental and operational parameters, including route efficiency, vehicular emissions, fuel efficiency, noise pollution, and traffic regulation compliance. Method: our comprehensive evaluation demonstrates HEMO’s superior performance compared to conventional routing approaches, achieving significant improvements across all measured metrics: a 19,3 % reduction in travel distance, 20,7 % decrease in harmful emissions, and 19,5 % lower fuel consumption. Notably, the system shows exceptional effectiveness in mitigating urban nuisances, with 75 % fewer noise violations and 77,8 % reduction in speed limit infractions. Results: these results establish HEMO as a balanced solution that harmonizes ecological preservation with traffic management objectives. The algorithm’s multi-criteria optimization framework represents a substantial advancement over existing eco-routing methods, offering municipal authorities a practical tool for implementing sustainable mobility solutions. Conclusions: by dynamically adapting to real-time urban conditions while prioritizing environmental protection, HEMO provides a scalable model for smart city infrastructure that addresses both immediate traffic concerns and long-term sustainability goals. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 151 Volume: 4 Issue: Year: 2025 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2025151 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:4:y:2025:i::p:151:id:1056294la2025151 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rasul Dashdamirli Author-Name-First: Rasul Author-Name-Last: Dashdamirli Author-Name: Vuqar Abdullayev Author-Name-First: Vuqar Author-Name-Last: Abdullayev Title: Artificial intelligence-based smart city ecosystem development Abstract: The idea of a smart city has become increasingly relevant lately. It's all about making city life better by using digital tech and new methods. As cities grow bigger and faster, they have to deal with things like traffic jams, pollution, and limited resources. To solve these issues, we can use Artificial Intelligence (AI) to run urban systems smoothly. Cities can use AI to make transport better, save energy, and make cities safer for everyone. This text will look at how AI can create interconnected, smart urban areas. It also highlights how important it is to plan carefully and involve the public. The aim is to show that if AI is used correctly, it can change cities into places that are sustainable and can handle the needs of the future. Smart cities are all about using technology and data to make life better for people in urban areas while making things more efficient. It also changes how people interact with the city by using various digital tools and connected systems. These systems improve services, transport, living conditions, and safety. Smart cities are important because they can help solve problems like climate change and crowded cities. The way smart cities combine sustainable methods shows how connected social, economic, and environmental factors are. It also shows that we need to take a broad view of how cities grow. Therefore, using Artificial Intelligence to build smart city systems is key to creating sustainable and adaptable cities for the future. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 180 Volume: 4 Issue: Year: 2025 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2025180 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:4:y:2025:i::p:180:id:1056294la2025180 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vugar Abdullayev Author-Name-First: Vugar Author-Name-Last: Abdullayev Author-Name: Osmanli Nazrin Author-Name-First: Osmanli Author-Name-Last: Nazrin Title: Artificial intelligence in smart homes: innovative approaches and application opportunities Abstract: Artificial intelligence-supported smart home technologies are evolving rapidly, offering users enhanced living standards. This article analyzes the current state of AI-integrated smart homes, exploring both academic literature and product applications on the market. The primary goal is to understand the technological development trends and how theoretical research aligns with real-world products. The article explains how AI enhances automation, management, and human-robot interaction in smart homes. The results indicate a delay between literature advancements and market implementations, suggesting that AI-powered smart home systems will become more widespread in the near future. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 181 Volume: 4 Issue: Year: 2025 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2025181 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:4:y:2025:i::p:181:id:1056294la2025181 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Saavedra Peña Francis Soledad Author-Name-First: Saavedra Peña Author-Name-Last: Francis Soledad Author-Name: Hebandreyna González García Author-Name-First: Hebandreyna Author-Name-Last: González García Author-Name: Carmen Cecilia González Francés Author-Name-First: Carmen Cecilia Author-Name-Last: González Francés Title: Ecotourism for sustainable development in the municipality of Costa de Oro, Venezuela Abstract: Sustainable development is the promotion of the well-being of communities, especially those located in environmentally significant areas and subject to some form of protection. As an alternative to contribute to their economic and social development, the state has proposed various social programs and laws that propose the preservation of the environment with a focus on sustainability and careful use of tourism resources, guaranteeing not only their existence but also their permanence as an economic activity that yields economic returns for the protection of the environment in order to safeguard its existence, through strategies designed within parameters based on the development of sustainable ecotourism. This study was carried out using the feasible project research method as a reference, supported by field and documentary research, the results of which made it possible to identify and characterize the cultural heritage and natural resources that characterize the geographical area studied. The study units provided relevant information for developing the indicators established in the table of variables and are represented by the inhabitants of the three communities located in the geographical area of Caserío Periquitos and its visitors. The proposal focused on three strategies: resource inventory, zoning, and studies of tourist carrying capacity. The proposal was defined based on the recommendations made by the members of the populations under study and the legal framework on environmental matters, as well as the regulations governing the use and enjoyment of natural resources. In addition to being innovative, since the state of Aragua has not implemented environmental tourism strategies of an educational and recreational nature that offer the environment and tourist awareness. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 182 Volume: 4 Issue: Year: 2025 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2025182 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:4:y:2025:i::p:182:id:1056294la2025182 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Awais Azam Author-Name-First: Awais Author-Name-Last: Azam Author-Name: Sakshi Rai Author-Name-First: Sakshi Author-Name-Last: Rai Title: Revolutionizing Home Price Forecasting Through Machine Learning Abstract: Introduction; This study develops a data-driven framework for accurate house price prediction using machine learning techniques. Method; We implement a comprehensive methodology involving rigorous data preprocessing, exploratory visualization through multiple chart types, and comparative evaluation of predictive models. Our approach demonstrates the effectiveness of combining analytical visualization with algorithmic modeling for real estate valuation. Result; The research contributes to both academic discourse and practical applications by establishing robust data cleaning protocols and validating model performance. Results indicate significant improvements in prediction accuracy, offering valuable insights for homeowners, investors, and urban planners. Conclusion; This work advances the field of property analytics while providing a replicable methodology for housing market analysis in different socioeconomic contexts. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 153 Volume: 4 Issue: Year: 2025 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2025153 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:4:y:2025:i::p:153:id:1056294la2025153 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Deepa Sonal Author-Name-First: Deepa Author-Name-Last: Sonal Author-Name: Md. Abu Azhar Wasi Author-Name-First: Md. Abu Author-Name-Last: Azhar Wasi Author-Name: Aprajita Krishna Author-Name-First: Aprajita Author-Name-Last: Krishna Author-Name: Sangeeta Kumari Author-Name-First: Sangeeta Author-Name-Last: Kumari Title: Evaluating the impact of real-time NPK sensor integration on crop productivity insmart farming systems Abstract: This research examines the impact of integrating real-time NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium) sensors within smart farming systems on crop productivity. A model-based approach was employed to design and implement a precision nutrient management system that combines sensor data acquisition, cloud analytics, and algorithm-driven decision-making for fertilizer application. The objective was to optimize nutrient delivery based on current soil conditions, crop type, and growth stage. Field experiments were conducted with wheat crops across two controlled plots: one managed using conventional methods and the other utilizing the proposed sensor-based system. The results emphasize that sensor-integrated precision farming significantly enhances input efficiency, minimizes environmental impact, and boosts economic returns. These findings support the broader adoption of NPK sensor technology in smart agriculture. Recommendations are made for integrating such systems into scalable agricultural models, particularly in regions experiencing high input costs or facing environmental sustainability challenges. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 154 Volume: 4 Issue: Year: 2025 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2025154 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:4:y:2025:i::p:154:id:1056294la2025154 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anil Kumar Sinha Author-Name-First: Anil Author-Name-Last: Kumar Sinha Author-Name: Ankit Kumar Author-Name-First: Ankit Author-Name-Last: Kumar Author-Name: Khusboo Kumari Author-Name-First: Khusboo Author-Name-Last: Kumari Author-Name: B. K. Mishra Author-Name-First: B. Author-Name-Last: K. Mishra Title: Keyword Searching and Digital Archives on Web: Challenges and Innovations in GLAM Abstract: Introduction; In the evolving digital landscape, keyword searching plays a pivotal role in facilitating access to information stored in cultural heritage archives. Objective; This paper explores the current challenges and recent innovations in keyword search technologies within the Galleries, Libraries, Archives, and Museums (GLAM) sector, emphasizing web-based retrieval systems. With the growth of digital archives such as Europeana and the Digital Public Library of America (DPLA), institutions face complexities in semantic search, multilingual access, and metadata standardization. Method; We evaluate traditional keyword models like TF-IDF against advanced AI-based approaches such as BERT, focusing on their effectiveness in web contexts. Result; Through case studies and performance evaluations, we identify promising methodologies that improve semantic relevance and user accessibility. Conclusion; The findings reveal that BERT-based models significantly outperform legacy methods, particularly in multilingual and semantically ambiguous search environments. The paper concludes with strategic recommendations for implementing AI-driven keyword search frameworks in GLAM archives. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 155 Volume: 4 Issue: Year: 2025 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2025155 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:4:y:2025:i::p:155:id:1056294la2025155 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Irada Seyidova Author-Name-First: Irada Author-Name-Last: Seyidova Author-Name: Elgun Gamzaev Author-Name-First: Elgun Author-Name-Last: Gamzaev Title: Big Data Processing Methods in GIS Abstract: The article discusses methods for processing big data in geographic information systems (GIS) with an emphasis on the use of recurrent neural networks (RNN) for forecasting geospatial processes. Modern approaches are described, including distributed computing on clusters (Hadoop, Spark) and cloud platforms (Google Earth Engine), providing efficient processing of spatial data. Particular attention is paid to RNN architectures, such as LSTM, their application in temporal forecasting problems (weather, transport, land use) and comparison with traditional methods. The article provides a numerical example illustrating the use of RNN for time series forecasting, with an accuracy analysis and visualization of the results. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 183 Volume: 4 Issue: Year: 2025 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2025183 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:4:y:2025:i::p:183:id:1056294la2025183 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Graciela A González C Author-Name-First: Graciela A Author-Name-Last: González C Author-Name: Eteida Del C Navarro Noriega Author-Name-First: Eteida Del C Author-Name-Last: Navarro Noriega Title: Integrated design and quality in government buildings Abstract: Introduction: Institutional architectural design represented a tangible manifestation of the values and aspirations of public entities. In this context, architecture not only responded to a functional need, but also materialised concepts such as authority, efficiency and accessibility. The integrated approach to design required the collaboration of diverse actors throughout the life cycle of a project, from conception to operation. Development: In the case of the Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF) of Panama, it was shown how a public institution was able to consolidate its articulating function through an adequate infrastructure. Key elements of quality design were identified, such as functional zoning, internal circulation and contextual response, which allowed the design of buildings that reflected the principles of sustainability and modernity. Through theoretical and conceptual frameworks, it was understood that an institution should reflect its values in its architecture, addressing administrative and social needs. The integrated design also promoted the incorporation of quality management systems, aimed at improving operational efficiency and citizen experience. Conclusion: The analysis of buildings such as the National Archives, the Legislative Palace in Panama and ministerial headquarters in Chile and Brazil showed that successful institutional architecture combined functionality and symbolism. These structures not only fulfilled their operational function, but also represented the state's commitment to its citizens. Institutional architecture, conceived as a strategic investment, had a direct impact on the quality of the public service provided. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 152 Volume: 4 Issue: Year: 2025 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2025152 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:4:y:2025:i::p:152:id:1056294la2025152 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Karen Daniela Carranza Alfonso Author-Name-First: Karen Daniela Author-Name-Last: Carranza Alfonso Author-Name: Milton Eduardo Rojas Pacacira Author-Name-First: Milton Eduardo Author-Name-Last: Rojas Pacacira Author-Name: Mitchel Richard Ninco Tiempos Author-Name-First: Mitchel Richard Author-Name-Last: Ninco Tiempos Author-Name: Hebandreyna González García Author-Name-First: Hebandreyna Author-Name-Last: González García Title: Design Alternative of a Portico System for the Municipal Palace of the Mayor's Office of Acacias Meta, in the central zone of the urban area Abstract: Acacias, a key municipality in Meta, suffered a serious impact on May 2, 2021, when a fire that occurred during a social protest destroyed the mayor's office, causing great material damage and affecting the functionality of the offices. Currently, the offices are dispersed, making it difficult for the community to carry out administrative procedures. Therefore, the objective of this degree work is to design a new building for the mayor's office that unifies all the offices in a single location. To do this, the methodology used is a quantitative approach, including all the calculations required for the structural design of the building. The work was carried out in 5 phases: Research and bibliographic review, preliminary design, analysis and technical evaluation, estimation of the cost of the structure (without finishes) and finally the final delivery. The final results obtained from this work include topographic survey activities, preparation of architectural plans, structural report and budget of the work. Likewise, quantity reports, general budget and structural designs were prepared. In conclusion, the unification of the offices in a single location will resolve the current difficulties for citizens, which will improve administrative efficiency and optimize the use of resources. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 163 Volume: 4 Issue: Year: 2025 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2025163 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:4:y:2025:i::p:163:id:1056294la2025163 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joel Ricardo Alvia Fiallos Author-Name-First: Joel Ricardo Author-Name-Last: Alvia Fiallos Author-Name: Gina San Andrés–Zevallos Author-Name-First: Gina Author-Name-Last: San Andrés–Zevallos Title: Environmental Management of the Coastal Boundary: Sustainable Solutions for the Green Area Deficit in Manta Abstract: This study analyzes the current state of green areas along the coastal boundary of the city of Manta, Ecuador—a zone undergoing rapid urbanization with negative consequences for environmental sustainability. Using a mixed methodological approach of a non-experimental and cross-sectional nature, which combined spatial analysis, direct observation, interviews, and regulatory review, the study identified a fragmented and limited distribution of green spaces, particularly in areas such as Playa Murciélago, Barbasquillo, and the Malecón. The results reveal high levels of environmental degradation, loss of ecosystem services, pollution, and poor ecological connectivity—factors that impact both biodiversity and citizen well-being. Furthermore, the study identified uncontrolled urbanization, persistent environmental pollution, and the effects of climate change as structural causes of the deficit. The research proposes technical and legal guidelines focused on ecological restoration and sustainable urban planning, including the implementation of green infrastructure and participatory environmental governance mechanisms. It concludes that the coordination of public policies, land-use planning, and citizen participation is essential to revalue the coastal landscape as a common good of high ecological, cultural, and social value, thereby ensuring a fairer and more resilient urban development for the city of Manta. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 221 Volume: 4 Issue: Year: 2025 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2025221 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:4:y:2025:i::p:221:id:1056294la2025221 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ross Jurgen Apaza Salcedo Author-Name-First: Ross Jurgen Author-Name-Last: Apaza Salcedo Author-Name: Alex Zander Nina Loza Author-Name-First: Alex Zander Author-Name-Last: Nina Loza Author-Name: Lian Alejandro Cutipa Chambilla Author-Name-First: Lian Alejandro Author-Name-Last: Cutipa Chambilla Author-Name: Anghela Caro Jara Cuno Author-Name-First: Anghela Caro Author-Name-Last: Jara Cuno Author-Name: Daniel Vannishterroy Monroy Condori Author-Name-First: Daniel Vannishterroy Author-Name-Last: Monroy Condori Author-Name: Estefany Yadhira Yucra Pari Author-Name-First: Estefany Yadhira Author-Name-Last: Yucra Pari Author-Name: Alvaro Enrique Condo parillo Author-Name-First: Alvaro Enrique Author-Name-Last: Condo parillo Author-Name: David Hugo Bernedo-Moreira Author-Name-First: David Hugo Author-Name-Last: Bernedo-Moreira Title: Road infrastructure design and urban visual experience: evidence for decision-making in emerging cities Abstract: In expanding urban areas, road infrastructure has an impact on traffic efficiency, logistics, visual comfort, and urban aesthetics; these elements are fundamental to improve the quality of life of the inhabitants and modify the perception of urban space for both residents and visitors. In this context, the objective of this study was to determine the relationship between road infrastructure and visual comfort in the city of Juliaca, 2024. The study was of non-experimental, transectional and correlational design. An instrument with a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.983 was applied to a sample of 182 inhabitants. The results were a Rho coefficient of 0.956, and a p-value of 0.000. It is concluded that there is a relationship between urban road infrastructure and the visual comfort of the inhabitants of the city of Juliaca, 2024. This result not only underlines the importance of planning and architectural design of road infrastructure in the urban visual experience, but also provides a solid empirical basis for future planning and development decisions by the specialized professional in these matters. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 223 Volume: 4 Issue: Year: 2025 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2025223 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:4:y:2025:i::p:223:id:1056294la2025223 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jhon Anthony Canaza Apaza Author-Name-First: Jhon Anthony Author-Name-Last: Canaza Apaza Author-Name: Andre Gonzalo Sucasaca Cutimbo Author-Name-First: Andre Gonzalo Author-Name-Last: Sucasaca Cutimbo Author-Name: Jhon Alexander Calsina Flores Author-Name-First: Jhon Alexander Author-Name-Last: Calsina Flores Author-Name: Jose Antonio Obregon Lipa Author-Name-First: Jose Antonio Author-Name-Last: Obregon Lipa Author-Name: Alejandro Raul Gutierrez Bravo Author-Name-First: Alejandro Raul Author-Name-Last: Gutierrez Bravo Author-Name: Anyeli Arazeli Rivera Mayta Author-Name-First: Anyeli Arazeli Author-Name-Last: Rivera Mayta Author-Name: Ali Jovany Nuñez Guerra Author-Name-First: Ali Jovany Author-Name-Last: Nuñez Guerra Author-Name: Juan Sebastian Condori Alanoca Author-Name-First: Juan Sebastian Author-Name-Last: Condori Alanoca Author-Name: David Hugo Bernedo-Moreira Author-Name-First: David Hugo Author-Name-Last: Bernedo-Moreira Title: Synergies between urban rehabilitation and sustainable architecture: a cross-sectional study applied to the city of southern Peru Abstract: Urban rehabilitation and sustainable architecture are essential components for the development of cities that are not only functional and economically viable, but also equitable, safe and environmentally responsible. In this context, the objective of this study was to determine the relationship of urban rehabilitation and sustainable architecture in the city of Juliaca, 2024. The methodology was quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional and correlational. The instrument was a questionnaire, whose reliability index was 0.838, which was applied to a sample of 193 neighbors of the roads, parks and squares that are being rehabilitated in the unit of analysis. The results were a Pearson correlation coefficient r=0.727 and a value of p=0.000 which indicates a strong positive correlation between the variables studied, suggesting that as urban rehabilitation improves in Juliaca, so does sustainable architecture, and vice versa. It is concluded that implementing policies and projects that consider the variables together could lead to a more sustainable, resilient and equitable future for Juliaca, improving the quality of life of its inhabitants and preserving its urban environment for future generations. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 230 Volume: 4 Issue: Year: 2025 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2025230 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:4:y:2025:i::p:230:id:1056294la2025230 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gabriela María Elena Huanca Guillermo Author-Name-First: Gabriela María Elena Author-Name-Last: Huanca Guillermo Author-Name: Danna Dáyali Beltrán Quispe Author-Name-First: Danna Dáyali Author-Name-Last: Beltrán Quispe Author-Name: Wendy Salas Vilca Author-Name-First: Wendy Author-Name-Last: Salas Vilca Author-Name: Brayan Apaza Samillán Author-Name-First: Brayan Author-Name-Last: Apaza Samillán Author-Name: David Hugo Bernedo-Moreira Author-Name-First: David Hugo Author-Name-Last: Bernedo-Moreira Author-Name: Rafael Romero-Carazas Author-Name-First: Rafael Author-Name-Last: Romero-Carazas Title: Parks as urban nodes: effects of public space design on pedestrian mobility Abstract: The quality of urban public space and pedestrian mobility are two crucial aspects that significantly influence urban life, especially in the current context, where cities face growing challenges related to sustainability, public health and social welfare. In this context, the objective of this study was to determine how the quality of urban public space is related to pedestrian mobility; for this purpose, it was necessary to conduct a basic, correlational, non-experimental, cross-sectional study. A questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.902 was used to collect the information, which was applied to a sample of 162 residents neighboring the unit of analysis. The results were a coefficient Rho=0.728 and a P value of 0.000, which indicate the existence of a positive and strong correlation between the quality of public urban space and pedestrian mobility, suggesting that as the quality of public urban space improves, pedestrian mobility also tends to improve. It is concluded that the quality of public urban space and pedestrian mobility are essential for the development of more livable, healthy and sustainable cities, and that professional, architecturally sound urban design planning is essential to meet the current and future challenges of urbanization. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 227 Volume: 4 Issue: Year: 2025 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2025227 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:4:y:2025:i::p:227:id:1056294la2025227 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hamit Kosikoillur Sotomayor Suni Author-Name-First: Hamit Kosikoillur Author-Name-Last: Sotomayor Suni Author-Name: Geldy Jhocabeth Choque Yujra Author-Name-First: Geldy Jhocabeth Author-Name-Last: Choque Yujra Author-Name: Gleny Julieta Mamani Gutiérrez Author-Name-First: Gleny Julieta Author-Name-Last: Mamani Gutiérrez Author-Name: Raquel Luzmerida Mamani Bautista Author-Name-First: Raquel Luzmerida Author-Name-Last: Mamani Bautista Author-Name: Ruth Sonia Condori Nina Author-Name-First: Ruth Sonia Author-Name-Last: Condori Nina Author-Name: Davis Matthew Huayhua Chambi Author-Name-First: Davis Matthew Author-Name-Last: Huayhua Chambi Author-Name: David Hugo Bernedo-Moreira Author-Name-First: David Hugo Author-Name-Last: Bernedo-Moreira Author-Name: Rafael Romero-Carazas Title: Relationship between the quality of municipal management and progress of the urban environment Abstract: Municipal management and urban development are two interrelated aspects that shape the environment and the quality of life of the inhabitants in local communities. Based on this statement, the objective of this study was to determine the relationship between municipal management and urban development in the district of Juliaca, 2024. The methodology used was quantitative, non-experimental and correlational. The instrument was a questionnaire with a reliability index of 0.910, which was applied to a sample of 169 passers-by. The results were a correlation coefficient Rho=0.736 and a value of p=0.000 indicating a strong positive correlation between municipal management and urban development in the district of Juliaca, suggesting that as the quality of municipal management improves, urban development also improves significantly. It is concluded that good municipal management has a direct and considerable impact on the progress and quality of the urban environment. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 262 Volume: 4 Issue: Year: 2025 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2025262 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:4:y:2025:i::p:262:id:1056294la2025262 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yoel Alexander Quispe Saavedra Author-Name-First: Yoel Alexander Author-Name-Last: Quispe Saavedra Author-Name: Percy Roman Larico Viamonte Author-Name-First: Percy Roman Author-Name-Last: Larico Viamonte Author-Name: Roy Saul Salas Ballejo Author-Name-First: Roy Saul Author-Name-Last: Salas Ballejo Author-Name: Jhandy Robert Avalos Condori Author-Name-First: Jhandy Robert Author-Name-Last: Avalos Condori Author-Name: Alejandro Paucar Guzman Author-Name-First: Alejandro Author-Name-Last: Paucar Guzman Author-Name: Louis Enrique Ali Quispe Author-Name-First: Louis Enrique Author-Name-Last: Ali Quispe Author-Name: David Hugo Bernedo-Moreira Author-Name-First: David Hugo Author-Name-Last: Bernedo-Moreira Author-Name: Rafael Romero-Carazas Author-Name-First: Rafael Author-Name-Last: Romero-Carazas Title: Functional performance of green areas and public space architecture Abstract: Well-designed and accessible green spaces offer residents places for recreation and relaxation, helping to reduce stress and encourage physical exercise. In this sense, the objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the functionality of green areas and urban design in the city of Juliaca. For this purpose, a quantitative, non-experimental and correlational approach was used. The sample consisted of 223 inhabitants and neighbors of the main parks and squares of the unit of analysis, to whom a questionnaire was administered, with a reliability index of 0.889. The results showed a coefficient Rho=0.670 and a p value of 0.000, indicating a moderately strong positive correlation. This suggests that as one variable increases, the other also tends to increase in an orderly fashion, although not necessarily at a constant or linear rate. It is concluded that a well-integrated architecture with the design of green areas not only improves the aesthetics and functionality of these spaces, but also contributes to the quality of life of its citizens. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 246 Volume: 4 Issue: Year: 2025 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2025246 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:4:y:2025:i::p:246:id:1056294la2025246 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xiomara Ingrid Rojas Lupaca Author-Name-First: Xiomara Ingrid Author-Name-Last: Rojas Lupaca Author-Name: Mylena Nahomy Zapana Cáceres Author-Name-First: Mylena Nahomy Author-Name-Last: Zapana Cáceres Author-Name: Isaac Alberto Idme Alegre Author-Name-First: Isaac Alberto Author-Name-Last: Idme Alegre Author-Name: Michael Jackson Paredes Quicaño Author-Name-First: Michael Jackson Author-Name-Last: Paredes Quicaño Author-Name: Yudith Jaquelyn Antallaca Torres Author-Name-First: Yudith Jaquelyn Author-Name-Last: Antallaca Torres Author-Name: Ditther Eliel Flores Carita Author-Name-First: Ditther Eliel Author-Name-Last: Flores Carita Author-Name: David Hugo Bernedo-Moreira Author-Name-First: David Hugo Author-Name-Last: Bernedo-Moreira Title: Green areas as an element of urban configuration: relationship between their management and the quality of the environment Abstract: Efficient management of green areas is essential to improve the quality of urban life; in the current context, these spaces contribute to the physical and mental health of the inhabitants, foster social cohesion, promote economic development, and help build more sustainable and resilient cities in the face of environmental challenges. Under this premise, the objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the management of green areas and the quality of urban life in the city of Juliaca, 2024; for this purpose, a non-experimental, correlational and cross-sectional design was used. The sample consisted of 192 residents of the main parks and squares of the unit of analysis, to whom an instrument was applied, with a reliability of 0.808. The results were a correlation coefficient of Rho=0.617 and a value of p=0.000, which indicate the existence of a moderate to strong positive correlation between the management of green areas and the quality of urban life in the city of Juliaca. It is concluded that it is critically important to improve the management of these spaces as a key strategy to improve the overall well-being of the inhabitants; local authorities, architects, urban planners and the community must work together to develop and maintain green areas that contribute positively to a healthier, more inclusive and sustainable urban life. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 269 Volume: 4 Issue: Year: 2025 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2025269 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:4:y:2025:i::p:269:id:1056294la2025269 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adrián Eliceo Reyna-García Author-Name-First: Adrián Eliceo Author-Name-Last: Reyna-García Author-Name: Douglas Gabriel Pichucho-Morales Author-Name-First: Douglas Gabriel Author-Name-Last: Pichucho-Morales Title: The Digital Transformation: Challenges in Topographer Education Abstract: From its origins, topography has been a cornerstone in the design and materialization of civil engineering projects, forming the basis for accurate planning and construction. Globalization and technological evolution have minimized historical limitations in topographic surveys, enabling more extensive work with less personnel and in less time. Currently, this progress is driven by digital transformation, such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), which is revolutionizing the discipline by potentially influencing nearly most of topographers' main tasks in the next decade, according to a recent report by the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS). This presents the challenge of training professionals capable of mastering these new technologies and generating high-quality geoinformation for construction projects. This essay explores how digital transformation is modifying the field of topography and geomatics, analyzing the benefits and risks that emerge for professionals and the training of future topographers, in a context where the importance of topography is undeniable, but its evolution requires a deeper and more current examination. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 266 Volume: 4 Issue: Year: 2025 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2025266 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:4:y:2025:i::p:266:id:1056294la2025266 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicole Valeria Cabrera Pantoja Author-Name-First: Nicole Valeria Author-Name-Last: Cabrera Pantoja Title: Environmental impact in low-income housing: Sustainability strategies for impact reduction Abstract: The research analyzed the environmental impact of Social Interest Housing (VIS) in the Carlos Pizarro neighborhood of Pasto. The study was based on the architectural survey of a typical house, in which the masses of the materials used were calculated and evaluated using Eco-Indicator 99. The results showed that materials such as steel, brick and acrylic paint generated the greatest environmental load, with a total impact estimated at 3,109,076 millipoints. Based on this diagnosis, two improvement proposals were formulated. The first consisted of replacing the internal walls with light structures of wood, fiberglass and gypsum panels. However, the reduction achieved was only 0.6%, which showed that partial interventions had a limited effect. The second proposal proposed a comprehensive transformation through the use of sustainable and recycled materials, such as PVC, polyaluminum and Tetrapak tiles. This redesign allowed a 92% reduction in the initial environmental impact, demonstrating that sustainable construction strategies were effective only when applied from the beginning of the construction process. Additionally, the incorporation of photovoltaic and rainwater harvesting systems was evaluated. The solar panels guaranteed the energy supply of the houses, even with the possibility of injecting surpluses into the grid. The rainwater collection system made it possible to replace up to 71.6% of the monthly potable water consumption, mitigating the pressure on this resource. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that sustainability in VIS was achievable through a comprehensive redesign, the selection of low-impact materials and the implementation of energy and water efficiency technologies. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 242 Volume: 4 Issue: Year: 2025 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2025242 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:4:y:2025:i::p:242:id:1056294la2025242 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adriana Sofía Ruiz Salazar Author-Name-First: Adriana Sofía Author-Name-Last: Ruiz Salazar Title: Passive Strategies In Rural Housing: Optimization of thermal comfort in cold humid climate, Vereda San Antonio - Ospina Abstract: The research focused on the application of bioclimatic strategies in rural housing in the village of San Antonio, in Ospina, Nariño. Bioclimatic architecture was defined as a design approach that integrated the climatic environment and natural resources to create comfortable and sustainable spaces. In this context, the study sought to respond to the challenges of the cold humid climate characteristic of the region, where low temperatures and high humidity had a negative impact on the habitability of the houses. To address this problem, a detailed analysis of variables such as temperature, relative humidity, wind direction, topography and vegetation was carried out. Data collection was carried out through IDEAM records and in situ measurements with specialized instruments, which allowed us to understand the climatic patterns and their impact on thermal comfort conditions. The results showed that the relative humidity reached high values, generating risks of condensation and deterioration of materials, while the minimum temperatures represented a challenge for the natural heating of the houses. Based on the Givoni diagram, passive strategies such as the Trombe wall, bioclimatic greenhouses, bioclimatic windows and wood fiber insulation were selected to optimize the capture and conservation of solar energy. These strategies were evaluated through simulations and construction analysis, which demonstrated their effectiveness in improving thermal comfort and energy efficiency. In conclusion, the research validated that the implementation of these passive solutions made it possible to adapt rural dwellings to their climatic context, guaranteeing wellbeing for the inhabitants and reducing dependence on active air conditioning systems. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 265 Volume: 4 Issue: Year: 2025 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2025265 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:4:y:2025:i::p:265:id:1056294la2025265 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eduard Fernando León Getial Author-Name-First: Eduard Fernando Author-Name-Last: León Getial Title: Urban thermal comfort: Mitigation of heat islands in the north-south corridor of 18th and 19th Streets, Pasto Abstract: The study analyzed the presence and magnitude of the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon in the north-south road corridor of Pasto during the period 2013-2023. Historical records from urban and rural weather stations were used, complemented with direct measurements using a digital thermo-hygrometer at 45 strategic points in the study area. The results showed thermal differences of up to 3.9 °C between urban and rural areas, as well as internal contrasts of 3.7 °C over distances of less than one kilometer. These variations were related to building density, the predominant use of impervious surfaces and low vegetation cover. An upward trend in maximum temperatures and a decrease in minimum temperatures was identified, accompanied by a 24% reduction in wind speed and a progressive increase in solar radiation. The inverse correlation between temperature and relative humidity, confirmed by a Pearson coefficient of -0.73, showed the importance of vegetation and permeable soils in microclimatic regulation. Sectors with more trees and shade showed cooler and more humid microclimates, while paved areas intensified thermal storage. The mitigation proposal included passive strategies such as strategic tree planting, five-story buildings with staggered morphology, and the use of high albedo and low thermal inertia materials in pavements and roofs. The implementation of these measures reduced the average temperature by 2.76 °C and increased relative humidity by 5.75%. These interventions demonstrated that sustainable urban planning can improve thermal comfort, reduce areas of discomfort by up to 74% and provide effective solutions to climate change. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 261 Volume: 4 Issue: Year: 2025 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2025261 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:4:y:2025:i::p:261:id:1056294la2025261 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Karen Larisa Pabón Jaramillo Author-Name-First: Karen Larisa Author-Name-Last: Pabón Jaramillo Title: Accessibility analysis: Travel times in high-density sectors in Pasto Abstract: The study analyzed the urban configuration of Pasto from the perspective of mixed land use, mobility and pedestrian accessibility. It was observed that city planning had developed spontaneously, without a clear coherence with the guidelines of the POT 2015-2027, which generated territorial fragmentation and inequality in access to services and facilities. Urban densification led to land uses being defined more by the practices of the inhabitants than by regulations, producing tensions between housing, commerce, services and infrastructure. It was also found that the road network consisted mostly of local and intermediate roads, which limited structural connectivity and the implementation of sustainable mobility. The methodology used, of an empirical-analytical nature, integrated GIS, CAD and cartographic database tools to calculate accessibility and mixed-use indices. Four study areas were identified with densities higher than 175.9 inhabitants/ha, where residential use largely predominated over the others. Despite this, imbalances were found in the distribution of commerce, facilities and public space, reflecting a low functional integration of the land. The results showed that Areas 1 and 3 presented better conditions of connectivity and proximity to services, thus approaching the 15-minute city model. However, the limited network of bicycle paths, unsafe crossings and the lack of continuity in the pedestrian infrastructure restricted equitable access. In conclusion, it was recommended to redistribute facilities, strengthen active mobility and design sectorized strategies that favor a more sustainable, equitable and connected urban development. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 255 Volume: 4 Issue: Year: 2025 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2025255 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:4:y:2025:i::p:255:id:1056294la2025255 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laura Sofía Tulcanás Hernández Author-Name-First: Laura Sofía Author-Name-Last: Tulcanás Hernández Title: Analysis and proposals for an inclusive classroom block Abstract: Introduction: The study addressed universal accessibility in the San Damian University Medium (MUSD) of CESMAG University, in order to identify architectural barriers affecting people with visual, hearing and reduced mobility disabilities. The research started from the need to guarantee inclusion in educational spaces, considering the Colombian regulation NTC 6304 and the principles of universal design. Methods: A qualitative and interpretative approach was adopted through an architectural analysis of the classroom block and its adjacent routes. The process included experimental tours simulating the experience of users with disabilities, as well as the collection of information through plans, regulations, photographic records and direct observations. The hermeneutic method allowed interpreting existing deficiencies and proposing improvement strategies. Results: The analysis revealed multiple accessibility deficiencies.Among them were the lack of tactile signs, incomplete or absent ramps, heavy doors and non-adapted furniture. In addition, it was found that the provisions projected in the plans had not been fully implemented. Although the lighting and some aspects partially complied with regulations, problems with acoustics, evacuation and Braille signage persisted. These limitations compromised user autonomy, safety and participation. Conclusions: The study demonstrated that partial enforcement of regulations limited full inclusion on campus. However, it showed that there are technical, multisensory and low-cost solutions that could be implemented gradually. It also highlighted the importance of consolidating a design culture oriented towards inclusive design, strengthening the training of professionals committed to equity and sustainability in educational architecture. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 251 Volume: 4 Issue: Year: 2025 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2025251 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:4:y:2025:i::p:251:id:1056294la2025251 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Karen Daniela Carranza Alfonso Author-Name-First: Karen Daniela Author-Name-Last: Carranza Alfonso Author-Name: Milton Eduardo Rojas Pacacira Author-Name-First: Milton Eduardo Author-Name-Last: Rojas Pacacira Author-Name: Mitchel Richard Ninco Tiempos Author-Name-First: Mitchel Richard Author-Name-Last: Ninco Tiempos Author-Name: Hebandreyna González García Author-Name-First: Hebandreyna Author-Name-Last: González García Title: Relocation and Recovery of the Municipal Palace of Acacías: An Integrated Urban Management and Development Project Abstract: Introduction: The work proposed the recovery and relocation of the Acacías Municipal Palace to its original location in the centre of the municipality. It sought to unify various government offices into a single structure, facilitating citizens' access to public services and promoting administrative efficiency. Development: The centralisation of administrative offices not only favours public management, but also contributes to the economic development of the surrounding area, stimulating local commerce and improving connectivity by public transport. The Municipal Palace is located in the centre of the city centre, ensuring easy access for the inhabitants of Acacías. At the technical level, the structural design was based on knowledge of basic sciences such as physics, mathematics and chemistry, applying more specialised disciplines such as statics, strength of materials and structural analysis. BIM methodology was also used to optimise the design, management and maintenance of the building throughout its life cycle, ensuring efficiency in each phase of the project. Conclusion: The proposed relocation and reconstruction of the Municipal Palace not only restores an architectural symbol, but also improves the relationship between citizens and local authorities. Centralisation facilitates access to services and promotes efficiency in service delivery. In addition, the economic and social impact is positive, reactivating local commerce and improving connectivity. Compliance with national and international construction and safety regulations guarantees the sustainability of the project. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 150 Volume: 4 Issue: Year: 2025 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2025150 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:4:y:2025:i::p:150:id:1056294la2025150 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Monica K Perez Valbuena Author-Name-First: Monica K Author-Name-Last: Perez Valbuena Author-Name: Tulio Carrillo Ramírez Author-Name-First: Tulio Author-Name-Last: Carrillo Ramírez Title: Color and space in the classroom: reflections on their relationship with learning Abstract: The present study explored the educational environment as an active element that influences students' cognition, emotion, and social interaction. It also addressed the influence of color and space in the classroom on learning, highlighting their role as active elements in students' cognition and emotion. The main objective was to analyze how the chromatic and spatial design of classrooms could enhance or limit concentration and creativity, and how this impacted the holistic development of students. Research from various disciplines was reviewed to examine the relationship between color, space, and educational performance. Studies linking the shape, volume, and color of spaces to academic success were also considered. Findings indicated that an inadequate selection of colors could negatively affect students' mood and motivation. Classrooms with neutral colors and rigid arrangements limit creativity and do not meet individual needs, thereby restricting students' appropriation of the space. It was concluded that it was essential to integrate scientific criteria into the design of educational spaces, prioritizing flexibility and warmth. An interdisciplinary approach that included collaboration among educators, architects, and psychologists proved essential for creating inspiring learning environments that foster creativity and personal development. The appropriate selection of colors and classroom design were considered crucial for enhancing the educational experience. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 156 Volume: 4 Issue: Year: 2025 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2025156 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:4:y:2025:i::p:156:id:1056294la2025156 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juan Manuel Sosa Author-Name-First: Juan Manuel Author-Name-Last: Sosa Author-Name: Pedro Enrique Sosa Veras Author-Name-First: Pedro Enrique Author-Name-Last: Sosa Veras Author-Name: Eva Mejía Author-Name-First: Eva Author-Name-Last: Mejía Title: Digital Photogrammetry and Geographic Information Systems: A Review Abstract: Photogrammetry is an essential technology for the analysis and measurement of objects in geospatial space using photographs. This method is divided into several categories: analog, analytical, aerial, terrestrial, and digital photogrammetry, each with specific applications in geography, architecture, and more. Digital photogrammetry has revolutionized the field by integrating specialized software to process images and generate accurate geospatial information. Its applications include the creation of topographic maps, point clouds, and 3D models used in cartography and agriculture. Likewise, the Structure from Motion (SfM) technique allows for the creation of high-resolution 3D models using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This approach has facilitated data collection at a lower cost and with greater accuracy, excelling in situations where access is difficult. Furthermore, the importance of geodesy, which studies the shape and dimensions of the Earth, has been emphasized as a fundamental pillar for understanding the geographic environment. On the other hand, cartography, which has evolved from paper representations to digital solutions, plays a crucial role in modern geoinformatics, providing tools for analysis and decision-making. Advances in drone technology and GIS software have enabled greater versatility in the collection and analysis of geospatial data, supporting diverse sectors, from urban planning to environmental conservation. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 160 Volume: 4 Issue: Year: 2025 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2025160 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:4:y:2025:i::p:160:id:1056294la2025160 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raúl Andrés Villada Melo Author-Name-First: Raúl Andrés Author-Name-Last: Villada Melo Author-Name: Juan Camilo Caicedo Peña Author-Name-First: Juan Camilo Author-Name-Last: Caicedo Peña Author-Name: Jorge Alveiro Rivera Rosero Author-Name-First: Jorge Alveiro Author-Name-Last: Rivera Rosero Title: Technological innovation for cultural tourism: Virtual assistant at the Las Lajas Shrine, Colombia Abstract: The research focused on improving the tourist experience at the Santuario de las Lajas, located in Ipiales, Colombia, through the use of artificial intelligence applied to image recognition via WhatsApp. The project was part of the artificial intelligence research line, specifically in the sub-line of artificial vision, by implementing a virtual assistant capable of identifying artistic representations of the sanctuary and providing contextualised information to visitors. The sanctuary, recognised as one of the seven wonders of Colombia, lacked significant educational and guidance information for tourists, which created a cultural disconnect and limited appreciation of the heritage site. The proposed virtual assistant used machine learning and natural language processing algorithms to provide accurate and rapid responses through simple interaction via the WhatsApp platform. The study was carried out through surveys, interviews, and data analysis applied to a representative sample of visitors between 2023 and 2024. The results showed improvements in user satisfaction, greater accuracy in visual recognition, and a decrease in response times. The project also had a positive impact on the promotion of sustainable tourism, the strengthening of regional tourism, and the conservation of cultural heritage. In conclusion, the research highlighted the importance of integrating emerging technologies for social and cultural purposes, positioning the virtual assistant as a replicable model in other historical spaces and as an important step forward in the digitisation of heritage. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 184 Volume: 4 Issue: Year: 2025 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2025185 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:4:y:2025:i::p:184:id:1056294la2025185 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Karen Daniela Carranza Alfonso Author-Name-First: Karen Daniela Author-Name-Last: Carranza Alfonso Author-Name: Milton Eduardo Rojas Pacacira Author-Name-First: Milton Eduardo Author-Name-Last: Rojas Pacacira Author-Name: Mitchel Richard Ninco Tiempos Author-Name-First: Mitchel Richard Author-Name-Last: Ninco Tiempos Author-Name: Hebandreyna González García Author-Name-First: Hebandreyna Author-Name-Last: González García Title: Reconstruction of the Municipal Palace of Acacías: A comprehensive engineering solution Abstract: Introduction: The article addressed the situation in Acacías following the riots of 2 May 2021, which caused serious damage to the Municipal Palace. Due to the partial destruction of the building and its limited space, the administrative offices were scattered throughout different areas of the municipality, making it difficult to provide services to citizens and for the institution to operate. Development: Faced with this problem, the municipal administration decided to relocate the Municipal Palace to a peripheral lot. However, this solution generated community discontent, as it increased the distance people had to travel to carry out procedures. Faced with this scenario, the project proposed redesigning the Palace in its original location, integrating all government offices in a single place. To this end, basic scientific principles and structural engineering principles such as statics, material resistance and current technical standards (NSR-10) were applied. In addition, modern technologies such as the portico system and BIM methodology were used to ensure safety, efficiency, and sustainability in the design. Conclusion: The proposal represented a comprehensive response to the social and technical problem, seeking to restore equitable access to administrative services, optimise municipal resources, and promote urban and commercial development in the centre of the municipality. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 172 Volume: 4 Issue: Year: 2025 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2025172 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:4:y:2025:i::p:172:id:1056294la2025172 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raúl Andrés Villada Melo Author-Name-First: Raúl Andrés Author-Name-Last: Villada Melo Author-Name: Juan Camilo Caicedo Peña Author-Name-First: Juan Camilo Author-Name-Last: Caicedo Peña Author-Name: Jorge Alveiro Rivera Rosero Author-Name-First: Jorge Alveiro Author-Name-Last: Rivera Rosero Title: Technological innovation for cultural tourism: Virtual assistant at the Las Lajas Shrine, Colombia Abstract: The research focused on improving the tourist experience at the Santuario de las Lajas, located in Ipiales, Colombia, through the use of artificial intelligence applied to image recognition via WhatsApp. The project was part of the artificial intelligence research line, specifically in the sub-line of artificial vision, by implementing a virtual assistant capable of identifying artistic representations of the sanctuary and providing contextualised information to visitors. The sanctuary, recognised as one of the seven wonders of Colombia, lacked significant educational and guidance information for tourists, which created a cultural disconnect and limited appreciation of the heritage site. The proposed virtual assistant used machine learning and natural language processing algorithms to provide accurate and rapid responses through simple interaction via the WhatsApp platform. The study was carried out through surveys, interviews, and data analysis applied to a representative sample of visitors between 2023 and 2024. The results showed improvements in user satisfaction, greater accuracy in visual recognition, and a decrease in response times. The project also had a positive impact on the promotion of sustainable tourism, the strengthening of regional tourism, and the conservation of cultural heritage. In conclusion, the research highlighted the importance of integrating emerging technologies for social and cultural purposes, positioning the virtual assistant as a replicable model in other historical spaces and as an important step forward in the digitisation of heritage. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 184 Volume: 4 Issue: Year: 2025 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2025184 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:4:y:2025:i::p:184:id:1056294la2025184 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Florangel Arotaype Taco Author-Name-First: Florangel Author-Name-Last: Arotaype Taco Author-Name: Juan Alberto Almirón Cuentas Author-Name-First: Juan Alberto Author-Name-Last: Almirón Cuentas Author-Name: David Hugo Bernedo-Moreira Author-Name-First: David Hugo Author-Name-Last: Bernedo-Moreira Author-Name: Milusca Jaqueline Velarde-Tejada Author-Name-First: Milusca Jaqueline Author-Name-Last: Velarde-Tejada Title: Minimalism as an architectural language: Analysis and perspectives Abstract: Objective: The article examines minimalism in architecture, from its origins to its contemporary applications, highlighting its aesthetic, functional and emotional benefits. It aims to analyze how this philosophy can contribute to sustainability and improve quality of life through simplicity and efficiency. Methodology: This was a comprehensive narrative review of scientific literature published between 2020 and 2024, in databases such as Google Scholar, Archidaily and Scielo. Specific terms related to minimalism were used and 11 relevant articles were selected after applying exclusion criteria. Results: Minimalism eliminates the superfluous to highlight the essence of spaces, creating functional and harmonious environments that encourage reflection and connection with the environment. Its applicability in diverse contexts was observed, integrating environmental, social and psychological aspects to improve well-being and sustainability. Conclusions: Minimalism promotes spaces that contribute to emotional well-being and balanced living. It is recommended that professionals and urban managers adopt this approach, considering its multidisciplinary implications to optimize the human experience and quality of life, recognizing that physical space significantly influences perception and well-being. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 292 Volume: 5 Issue: Year: 2026 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2026292 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:5:y:2026:i::p:292:id:1056294la2026292 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Olmar Reymer Tumbillo Machacca Author-Name-First: Olmar Reymer Author-Name-Last: Tumbillo Machacca Author-Name: Juan Alberto Almirón Cuentas Author-Name-First: Juan Alberto Author-Name-Last: Almirón Cuentas Author-Name: David Hugo Bernedo-Moreira Author-Name-First: David Hugo Author-Name-Last: Bernedo-Moreira Author-Name: Rafael Romero-Carazas Author-Name-First: Rafael Author-Name-Last: Romero-Carazas Title: Between tradition and comfort: the rural habitat as a livable shelter Abstract: Objective: To analyze the design of rural housing at a global level, focusing on the integration of thermal comfort and habitat characteristics, adapting to local climatic conditions through bioclimatic, vernacular and sustainable approaches. Architectural strategies in different regions are reviewed, highlighting the importance of adaptive solutions that consider cultural, environmental and socioeconomic factors. Methodology: This is an exploratory narrative review of the scientific literature between 2021 and 2024, using databases such as Scielo, Google Scholar, Scopus and ScienceDirect. Key terms related to architecture, housing and comfort were applied, and exclusion criteria were applied to obtain a final corpus of 25 relevant articles. Results: Traditional architectural forms are suitable for each local climate and vernacular architecture is a valuable resource for the occurrence of thermal comfort, although it faces challenges in the face of modernization and climate change, and barriers such as lack of awareness, clear policies, accessible financing and technical training to implement sustainable technologies are identified. Conclusions: Rural dwellings face challenges related to thermal comfort, habitability and sustainability, conditioned by climatic, cultural and socioeconomic factors, and that the combination of vernacular and bioclimatic approaches, together with sustainable technologies, is key to improve the quality of life in rural communities. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 293 Volume: 5 Issue: Year: 2026 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2026293 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:5:y:2026:i::p:293:id:1056294la2026293 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lida Priscila Quispe Sullca Author-Name-First: Lida Priscila Author-Name-Last: Quispe Sullca Author-Name: Juan Alberto Almirón Cuentas Author-Name-First: Juan Alberto Author-Name-Last: Almirón Cuentas Author-Name: David Hugo Bernedo-Moreira Author-Name-First: David Hugo Author-Name-Last: Bernedo-Moreira Author-Name: Rafael Romero-Carazas Author-Name-First: Rafael Author-Name-Last: Romero-Carazas Title: Social housing from the perspective of architectural design and socio-urban inclusion Abstract: Objective: To analyze proven and conceptual studies on social housing (VIS), focusing on understanding how these dwellings respond to the housing needs of vulnerable sectors, considering aspects such as quality, sustainability, accessibility and social integration. Methodology: Narrative review based on the collection and analysis of journal articles, surveys and relevant technical documents on SIV. A mixed method with qualitative predominance is applied, including documentary reviews of regulations and historical records, as well as chronological systematization tables and statistical analysis, to assess the quality of design and other aspects of housing. Results: The VIS play a fundamental role in providing decent housing, but face significant challenges related to construction quality, urban integration, sustainability and community participation. It was found that many homes have been built without adequate technical support, have poor interior spaces and are located in environments with social marginalization and urban disintegration. Conclusions: The need to improve VIS with more flexible and quality solutions that consider the economic capacity of the users, encourage self-construction and progressivity, and integrate sustainable practices and resident participation to achieve a long-term positive impact on social equity and quality of life. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 294 Volume: 5 Issue: Year: 2026 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2026294 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:5:y:2026:i::p:294:id:1056294la2026294 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cristian Yhojan Flores Gutiérrez Author-Name-First: Cristian Yhojan Author-Name-Last: Flores Gutiérrez Author-Name: Juan Alberto Almirón Cuentas Author-Name-First: Juan Alberto Author-Name-Last: Almirón Cuentas Author-Name: David Hugo Bernedo-Moreira Author-Name-First: David Hugo Author-Name-Last: Bernedo-Moreira Author-Name: Milusca Jaqueline Velarde-Tejada Author-Name-First: Milusca Jaqueline Author-Name-Last: Velarde-Tejada Title: Vernacular Architecture in the Modern Era: Integrating Traditional Knowledge for Sustainable Buildings Abstract: Objective: To describe studies related to the influence of vernacular architecture in modern design, showing how the integration of traditional principles, materials and construction techniques contributes to responding to contemporary challenges such as sustainability, energy efficiency and cultural preservation. Methodology: It consisted of an exhaustive review of scientific literature, carried out between August and September 2024. Databases such as Scielo and Google Scholar were consulted, using keywords related to vernacular architecture and modern design, as well as Boolean operators to optimize the search. From 15 initial articles, 4 relevant articles were selected after eliminating duplicates and papers not aligned with the objective. Results: In various regions, such as Europe and Central America, vernacular architecture provides solutions adapted to the natural environment through the use of local materials, reducing costs and improving energy efficiency. It also highlights its ability to preserve cultural traditions and promote innovation by combining traditional techniques with modern technologies. Conclusions: Vernacular architecture is an essential source of inspiration for modern design, favoring sustainability, functionality and a balance between human beings and their environment, as well as consolidating an authentic and culturally significant heritage. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 295 Volume: 5 Issue: Year: 2026 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2026295 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:5:y:2026:i::p:295:id:1056294la2026295 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ditther Eliel Flores Carita Author-Name-First: Ditther Eliel Author-Name-Last: Flores Carita Author-Name: Juan Alberto Almirón Cuentas Author-Name-First: Juan Alberto Author-Name-Last: Almirón Cuentas Author-Name: David Hugo Bernedo-Moreira Author-Name-First: David Hugo Author-Name-Last: Bernedo-Moreira Author-Name: Rafael Romero-Carazas Author-Name-First: Rafael Author-Name-Last: Romero-Carazas Title: Sunlight as a Fundamental Resource in Bioclimatic and Sustainable Architectural Design Abstract: Objective: To describe how bioclimatic architecture and sustainable design intelligently integrate sunlight to promote more energy-efficient buildings and create living spaces that promote human well-being and harmony with the natural environment. Methodology: A comprehensive narrative review was conducted by consulting databases such as Archidaily, Google Scholar, Scielo and Journal of Architectural Lighting, using key terms related to the sun and bioclimatic architecture, in publications from 2019 to 2024, and selecting 23 relevant articles after a rigorous filtering process. Results: The historical and contemporary importance of the sun in architectural design is evidenced, evidencing how diverse cultures have implemented strategies to harness sunlight and photovoltaics. Examples of integration of solar technologies, passive techniques for thermal control, and the inspiring influence of the sun on visionary architects such as Le Corbusier were highlighted. Conclusion: The sun is not only a practical source for solving energy and environmental challenges, but also an opportunity to design healthier, more sustainable and aesthetically enriching environments. The need for further research on new methodologies and strategies to enhance the efficient use of solar energy in future architecture is pointed out. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 296 Volume: 5 Issue: Year: 2026 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2026296 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:5:y:2026:i::p:296:id:1056294la2026296 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leonardo Esteban Gómez Flores Author-Name-First: Leonardo Esteban Author-Name-Last: Gómez Flores Author-Name: Juan Alberto Almirón Cuentas Author-Name-First: Juan Alberto Author-Name-Last: Almirón Cuentas Author-Name: David Hugo Bernedo-Moreira Author-Name-First: David Hugo Author-Name-Last: Bernedo-Moreira Author-Name: Milusca Jaqueline Velarde-Tejada Author-Name-First: Milusca Jaqueline Author-Name-Last: Velarde-Tejada Title: Architectural Design and Human Behavior: Narrative Review on the Psychological Influence on Built Space Abstract: Objective: To study architectural design to improve the mental, emotional and behavioral health of people, creating spaces that promote well-being, social interaction, productivity and stress reduction through factors such as lighting, distribution, colors, accessibility and connection with nature. Methodology: Narrative review of recent scientific literature (April 2022 - August 2023), consulting databases such as Scopus, Science Direct and Google Scholar. Ten relevant articles were selected after eliminating duplicates and non-relevant papers. Results: It is highlighted that well-designed spaces can promote physical activity, social engagement and reduce stress. Architectural elements that affect brain responses and behavioral patterns were identified, highlighting the importance of taking into account the emotional and cognitive needs of the user. Conclusions: It is essential to design environments that enhance quality of life and emotional well-being. Understanding spatial perception and environmental cognition allows architects to create functional spaces that meet the psychological and physiological demands of people, although more empirical research is needed to strengthen this evidence. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 297 Volume: 5 Issue: Year: 2026 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2026297 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:5:y:2026:i::p:297:id:1056294la2026297 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Geldy Jhojabeth Choque Yujra Author-Name-First: Geldy Jhojabeth Author-Name-Last: Choque Yujra Author-Name: Juan Alberto Almirón Cuentas Author-Name-First: Juan Alberto Author-Name-Last: Almirón Cuentas Author-Name: David Hugo Bernedo-Moreira Author-Name-First: David Hugo Author-Name-Last: Bernedo-Moreira Author-Name: Rafael Romero-Carazas Author-Name-First: Rafael Author-Name-Last: Romero-Carazas Title: Challenges and Strategies for the Integration of Cultural Heritage in Urban Sprawl Abstract: Objective: To describe the methods of conservation and transformation of cultural heritage through a review of academic papers, focusing on how these are integrated into sustainable urban development. Methodology: An exhaustive narrative review of the scientific literature was carried out, using databases such as Scopus, Science Direct and SciELO. Specific terms related to “heritage”, ‘culture’ and “development” were used, and Boolean operators were applied to refine the search. The review covered a period from March to April 2024, considering articles published between 2021 and 2024, and resulted in a corpus of 10 relevant articles after a filtering process. Results: The results presented include an analysis of the strategies and approaches that different studies have used to address cultural heritage conservation. Several articles were identified that discuss both tangible and intangible heritage, highlighting the importance of social participation and the multidisciplinary approach. Conclusions: Heritage conservation and urban development are not opposites; they can complement each other if integrated into urban planning. The need for an integrated approach that balances heritage conservation with the demands of economic growth and tourism is emphasized. The article stresses the importance of conducting impact assessments before initiating development projects that may affect cultural heritage, which helps to minimize or avoid damage. The most important lesson is that it is essential to adopt sustainable approaches to urban development in order to protect the cultural and heritage identities of cities. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 298 Volume: 5 Issue: Year: 2026 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2026298 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:5:y:2026:i::p:298:id:1056294la2026298 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alvaro Enrique Berny Condo Parillo Author-Name-First: Alvaro Enrique Author-Name-Last: Berny Condo Parillo Author-Name: Juan Alberto Almirón Cuentas Author-Name-First: Juan Alberto Author-Name-Last: Almirón Cuentas Author-Name: David Hugo Bernedo-Moreira Author-Name-First: David Hugo Author-Name-Last: Bernedo-Moreira Author-Name: Rafael Romero-Carazas Author-Name-First: Rafael Author-Name-Last: Romero-Carazas Title: Multisensory Design in Educational Environments: The Influence of Architecture in Enhancing the Learning Experience. Abstract: Objective: To explore the existing scientific literature on sensory architectural training in education, in order to establish an approach that enhances the learning experience and recommend the effective implementation of multisensory architecture in educational environments. Methodology: Exhaustive narrative review of scientific literature, consulting databases such as Scopus, Scielo and Scispace, with a search conducted between March and April 2024. Terms related to architecture, design, multisensoriality and education were used, filtering an initial total of 86 articles to obtain a final corpus of 26 articles relevant to the review. Results: Traditional architectural design has mostly privileged visual perception, relegating other senses such as touch, hearing and smell, although multisensory architecture seeks to stimulate all senses to generate full and enriching emotional experiences, in addition, it is highlighted that multisensory architecture in educational settings should go beyond simple structures, transforming spaces into dynamic landscapes that invite exploration and learning, promoting creativity and concentration,. Conclusions: The integration of multisensory stimuli in educational architecture is fundamental to empower students and redefine the educational landscape, captivating all senses and stimulating more active and enriching learning. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 299 Volume: 5 Issue: Year: 2026 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2026299 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:5:y:2026:i::p:299:id:1056294la2026299 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Iliana Acosta Moré Author-Name-First: Iliana Author-Name-Last: Acosta Moré Author-Name: Ana Isabel Larrondo Somonte Author-Name-First: Ana Isabel Author-Name-Last: Larrondo Somonte Author-Name: Arlenys Rodríguez Montes Author-Name-First: Arlenys Author-Name-Last: Rodríguez Montes Author-Name: Yaima Verdecia Rivero Author-Name-First: Yaima Author-Name-Last: Verdecia Rivero Author-Name: Daniel Román-Acosta Author-Name-First: Daniel Author-Name-Last: Román-Acosta Title: Territory and learning: a review of educational design and spatial justice Abstract: This article presents a critical review of the literature on the intersection of education, territory, and the built environment, with an emphasis on contemporary approaches that view space as an active agent of learning. Through the analysis of recent research (2020–2024), four thematic axes are identified: pedagogies of territory, spatial design as a pedagogical mediator, ethical dimensions of the built environment, and epistemological gaps in the field. The reviewed studies highlight the value of situated pedagogical practices, the potential of participatory design, and the need to integrate frameworks of spatial justice, intersectionality, and sustainability. However, there is a predominance of cases from the Global North, poor articulation between disciplines, and limited incorporation of critical perspectives in educational architecture. A research agenda is proposed aimed at promoting inclusive, culturally contextualized, and socially engaged learning spaces. This work seeks to contribute to the dialogue between architecture, pedagogy, and territorial studies, inviting us to imagine spaces that not only teach, but also care, listen, and transform. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 287 Volume: 5 Issue: Year: 2026 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2026287 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:5:y:2026:i::p:287:id:1056294la2026287 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bernardette Mendez B Author-Name-First: Bernardette Author-Name-Last: Mendez B Title: The use of urban management for the city of 2050, a model of a cultural city Abstract: Creativity and cultural diversity have been the main drivers of urban success. Cultural activities can promote social inclusion and dialogue between diverse communities. Likewise, the tangible and immaterial is an integral part of the identity of a city and generates a sense belonging and cohesion. Culture represents the soul of a city and allows us to progress and build a dignified future for all. A city centered in the human being it is a space centered on culture. we must transform this reality into more effective policies and sustainable urban governance. Culture occupies a central place in renewal and innovation urban and makes cities attractive, creative and sustainable. The History shows us that culture is key to urban development, as they reveal the monuments, heritage and traditions. Without the culture, cities would not exist as dynamic living spaces; they would be so only concrete and steel constructions, prone to fracture and social degradation. It is the culture that makes the difference. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 289 Volume: 5 Issue: Year: 2026 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2026289 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:5:y:2026:i::p:289:id:1056294la2026289 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kenia González González Author-Name-First: Kenia Author-Name-Last: González González Author-Name: Alejandro Hernández Álvarez Author-Name-First: Alejandro Author-Name-Last: Hernández Álvarez Author-Name: Darlene Clavero Rodríguez Author-Name-First: Darlene Author-Name-Last: Clavero Rodríguez Author-Name: Yanerys Camejo Pérez Author-Name-First: Yanerys Author-Name-Last: Camejo Pérez Title: Educational architecture and social transformation: Learning spaces in vulnerable urban contexts Abstract: This article explores the role of educational architecture in social and territorial transformation in vulnerable urban contexts in Latin America (Piña and Acosta, 2024). Using a qualitative and interdisciplinary approach that articulates sociology, pedagogy, and spatial design, two case studies are analyzed: a public school in Comuna 13 of Medellín, Colombia, and a self-managed community education center in Greater Buenos Aires, Argentina. Through interviews, participant observation, and documentary analysis, the article examines how architectural design can foster innovative pedagogical practices, strengthen community ownership of space, and redefine stigmatized territories. The findings show that educational spaces, when conceived from a contextual, participatory, and open perspective, function as social devices that enable new ways of learning, living, and building citizenship. It is concluded that every architectural intervention in the educational field also constitutes a political and cultural intervention, and that design must be understood as a strategic tool for social and spatial justice. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 290 Volume: 5 Issue: Year: 2026 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2026290 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:5:y:2026:i::p:290:id:1056294la2026290 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Ernesto Moreira Moreira Author-Name-First: David Ernesto Author-Name-Last: Moreira Moreira Author-Name: Josselyn Jamileth Delgado Moreira Author-Name-First: Josselyn Jamileth Author-Name-Last: Delgado Moreira Author-Name: Ariel Antonio Franco Intriago Author-Name-First: Ariel Antonio Franco Author-Name-Last: Intriago Title: Bioclimatic Assessment and Thermal-Lighting Comfort in Vernacular Dwellings in the Jejenal District Abstract: This work addressed the issue of vernacular housing in the Jejenal area in the parish of San Isidro, with the aim of determining the climatic adversities such as high temperatures and relative humidity, which condition the capacity for thermal and light comfort of the population. A mixed-approach investigation was carried out that combines in situ measurements and computer simulations. The current conditions of these homes and their performance in relation to the environment were assessed, as well as the strengths and weaknesses that local construction strategies have been generating. The research work aims to make local architectural traditions efficient in order to improve the quality of life of the population that inhabits them through sustainable solutions. Although the homes in the Jejenal area formally represent a cultural heritage, there are important deficiencies, including the utility of the homes, as well as the overheating of the air inside them or an inefficient distribution of the windows. The results obtained demonstrate that, although native materials such as guadua cane or wood have great potential to offer sustainable solutions, their application entails correcting major deficiencies in construction techniques. Strategies such as the correct orientation of homes, the generation of shadows, as well as the use of passive ventilation are identified as key solutions for improving living conditions. This work proposes both construction guidelines, especially those that integrate traditional and bioclimatic knowledge, a model of sustainable rural housing that responds to the climatic and socioeconomic conditions of the region. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 286 Volume: 5 Issue: Year: 2026 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2026286 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:5:y:2026:i::p:286:id:1056294la2026286 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juan Manuel Sosa Author-Name-First: Juan Manuel Author-Name-Last: Sosa Author-Name: Pedro Enrique Sosa Veras Author-Name-First: Pedro Enrique Author-Name-Last: Sosa Veras Author-Name: Eva Mejía Author-Name-First: Eva Author-Name-Last: Mejía Title: Municipal map model for the Dominican Republic, using drone-based digital photogrammetry and GIS. Case study: San José de Ocoa urban area Abstract: Updating urban cartography is essential for territorial development planning and management in the Dominican Republic, where municipalities lack Geographic Information Systems (GIS) that detail local productive components. To address this need, a municipal cartographic model was proposed using digital photogrammetry with a UAV and GIS, focusing on the municipality of San José de Ocoa. The study area was delimited using Google Earth satellite images and a flight was conducted with a Phantom 4 RTK drone, employing RTK/PPK techniques to ensure the accuracy of the geographic coordinates. GNSS observations were stored in RINEX 3.02 format for possible subsequent adjustments. Nine flights were conducted, obtaining 4 985 georeferenced photos with accuracies of less than 2 cm. Image processing was performed in three stages using Agisoft Metashape, generating digital terrain models and contour lines with Global Mapper. Subsequently, urban map elements, such as buildings and street axes, were vectorized using Civil 3D and orthophotos as reference. The result was a georeferenced plan including the footprints of buildings and bodies of water, exported in shapefile format. Finally, the cartography was validated by a walk through the municipality, updating the vectorized information with data from the UAV survey Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 259 Volume: 5 Issue: Year: 2026 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2026259 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:5:y:2026:i::p:259:id:1056294la2026259 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juan Manuel Sosa Author-Name-First: Juan Manuel Author-Name-Last: Sosa Author-Name: Pedro Enrique Sosa Veras Author-Name-First: Pedro Enrique Author-Name-Last: Sosa Veras Author-Name: Eva Mejía Author-Name-First: Eva Author-Name-Last: Mejía Title: Creation of the Geographic Information System for the urban center of the municipality of San José de Ocoa using Digital Photogrammetry (UAV) and Geographic Information Systems Abstract: The research focused on creating a Geographic Information System (GIS) for the municipality of San José de Ocoa, Dominican Republic, using digital photogrammetry with drones. The study area was delimited using Google Earth satellite images, and 4 985 georeferenced photos with accuracies of less than 2 cm were obtained using drones. Image processing was carried out in three stages using Agisoft Metashape, generating digital terrain models and contour lines. Urban elements such as buildings and streets were subsequently vectorized using Civil 3D and orthophotos, resulting in a georeferenced plan in shapefile format. The cartography was validated through a walking tour of the municipality, updating the information with data from the UAV survey. The GIS incorporated various layers, including satellite orthoimages from 2013 and 2023, digital models, and shapefiles of buildings and roads. The WGS 1984 datum and the UTM projection system, Zone 19 N, were used with ArcGIS Pro and ArcGIS Online software. The results showed a significant expansion of the urban area between 2015 and 2023, with a 376,97 % increase in educational use and a 245,20 % increase in occupation of risk areas. The research generated a complete GIS, an interactive web application, and a 1:5 000 scale cartographic map. It was concluded that the methodology is replicable at the national level, optimizing territorial management in the municipalities of the Dominican Republic Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 285 Volume: 5 Issue: Year: 2026 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2026285 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:5:y:2026:i::p:285:id:1056294la2026285 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carlos David Boris Miclin Author-Name-First: Carlos David Author-Name-Last: Boris Miclin Author-Name: Yonathan Estrada Rodríguez Author-Name-First: Yonathan Author-Name-Last: Estrada Rodríguez Author-Name: Mayelin Marin Mendez Author-Name-First: Mayelin Author-Name-Last: Marin Mendez Title: Sustainable Architecture from a One Health Approach Abstract: Introduction: Sustainable architecture is a design and construction approach that seeks to reduce human impact on the environment and promote a more sustainable future. It is based on the use of environmentally friendly materials, energy efficiency, and adaptability to the changing needs of users and the environment. The One Health approach views sustainable architecture as a fundamental pillar in the ambition to achieve a comprehensive and holistic approach to minimize the environmental impact of buildings and improve the quality of life of their occupants. Objective: To analyze sustainable architecture from a One Health approach. Methods: 67 articles were identified, of which 25 were included, more than 75% from the last 3 years. These articles were sourced from academic search engines such as PubMed, MedLine, Ovid, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar. Development: Green building strategies, the use of non-toxic materials, and the integration of green spaces not only reduce environmental impact but also promote the physical and mental health of residents while preserving surrounding ecosystems. However, their implementation requires multidisciplinary collaboration, coherent public policies, and greater social awareness to scale effective solutions. Conclusions: The review highlights how sustainable architecture, aligned with OneHealth, can mitigate global crises such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and emerging diseases. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 291 Volume: 5 Issue: Year: 2026 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2026291 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:5:y:2026:i::p:291:id:1056294la2026291 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: María Francisca Colina Colina Author-Name-First: María Francisca Author-Name-Last: Colina Colina Title: Strategic Planning as a Pillar for Effective Zoning and Participatory Urban Governance, in Coro, Falcón, Venezuela Abstract: Effective zoning and strategic planning provide a comprehensive framework that goes beyond simply dividing the territory. It allows for the analysis of Coro's unique characteristics (heritage, resources, socioeconomics), the establishment of a shared vision for the future, the definition of clear objectives, and the assessment of the needs of various sectors. This leads to a more efficient (optimizing infrastructure and economic activity) and equitable (considering the needs of all and promoting environmental sustainability) distribution of land uses. Regarding participatory urban governance, strategic planning acts as a catalyst by involving various key stakeholders in Coro (citizens, civil society organizations, the private sector, academia) in the decision-making process. This fosters the legitimacy of urban policies, improves transparency and accountability, strengthens the social fabric, and leads to solutions better adapted to local realities. In synergy, zoning well-grounded in strategic planning facilitates the implementation of urban governance objectives in Coro, such as the efficient provision of public services, the promotion of sustainable economic development, and environmental protection. In turn, participatory governance ensures that zoning responds to the changing needs of the community. While implementation faces potential challenges specific to the Venezuelan context (economic instability, institutional capacity), strategic planning offers a path to building a more organized, sustainable, equitable Coro, with a better quality of life for its inhabitants, provided it is implemented effectively and in a participatory manner. To understand concrete results in Coro, specific information on the implementation and evaluation of strategic plans and zoning in the city would be required. Journal: Land and Architecture Pages: 288 Volume: 5 Issue: Year: 2026 Subtitle : DOI: 10.56294/la2026288 Handle: RePEc:dbk:landar:v:5:y:2026:i::p:288:id:1056294la2026288